猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中抵抗素基因表达水平及其影响因素
摘要
目的
本研究旨在探讨抵抗素基因(RETN)在猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中表达水平的变化规律以及胰岛素、葡萄糖、地塞米松对RETN表达水平的影响。
方法
1、从1日龄仔猪皮下脂肪组织分离前脂肪细胞,于37℃、5%CO2、饱和湿度下进行原代培养,通过MTT法,油红O染色以及测定细胞内脂蛋白脂酶活性鉴定猪前脂肪细胞。
2、用油红O染色法观察前脂肪细胞培养3、5、7、10d后细胞形态的变化,并用实时荧光定量PCR检测前脂肪细胞分化过程中RETN基因表达水平的变化。
3、将增殖的猪前脂肪细胞随机分为3组,分别培养于含有胰岛素、葡萄糖和地塞米松的培养基中。培养液中胰岛素终浓度为0,10,100和1000 nmol/L;葡萄糖终浓度为0,5,10和20 mmol/L;地塞米松的终浓度为0,10,100和1000 nmol/L。每个浓度设三个重复。接种1d后将培养基更换为测试培养基即加入影响因子的培养基(记为0d),此后每隔2d换液一次。并于换液后的第3、5、10d后取样。通过油红O染色法观察胰岛素、葡萄糖、地塞米松对前脂肪细胞分化的影响,并用实时荧光定量PCR检测胰岛素、葡萄糖、地塞米松对RETN基因表达水平的影响。
结果
1、前脂肪细胞培养至第3d时,细胞内有少量脂滴出现,此后细胞内脂滴聚集,脂滴数量增加,体积逐渐增大,最后汇集成大脂滴充满细胞。低剂量的葡萄糖(5mM)和地塞米松(10nM)对前脂肪细胞分化的影响不明显,胰岛素、萄糖和地塞米松都有诱导前脂肪细胞分化的作用,随着影响因子的浓度增大而细胞分化速度加快,随培养时间的增加而分化程度增大。
2、抵抗素在3,5,7,10d的相对表达量分别是14.31±1.29,5.58±0.29,2.25±0.08,1.61±0.01,相邻两时间点比较抵抗素的表达差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。
3、与对照组相比,胰岛素能显著促进RETN的表达,此作用具有剂量依赖性;葡萄糖均能提高RETN的表达,且呈时间依赖性。
4、地塞米松在低浓度(10nM)的情况下,短时间(3d)内可抑制抵抗素的表达,5天内对抵抗素表达影响较小,与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);但长时间内可诱导抵抗素的表达,而地塞米松为100nM和1000nM时,对抵抗素表达的诱导作用呈剂量和时间依赖性(P<0.05)。
结论
1、在细胞分化过程中,抵抗素的表达量显著下降(p<0.01),提示RETN基因与前脂肪细胞脂肪代谢调节有关,其表达水平下调能促进前脂肪细胞分化。
2、胰岛素能显著上调抵抗素的表达且呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05),;葡萄糖能诱导抵抗素的表达并呈时间依赖性(P<0.05);低剂量的地塞米松(10nM)在短时间(3d)内可以抑制抵抗素的表达,其表达量下降了4.3%,高剂量地塞米松均能诱导抵抗素的表达。
3、尽管胰岛素、葡萄糖、地塞米松都能不同程度地促进抵抗素基因表达,但均不能改变猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中抵抗素表达水平下降的趋势。
Objectives
The aim of present study was to investigate the resistin gene (RETN) expression during the differentiation of porcine preadipocyte in vitro and to evaluate the effects of different concentration of insulin, glucose and dexamethasone on RETN of porcine preadipocyte.
Methods
1.The porcine preadipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous fat tissue of 1-day-old piglet and cultured in 37℃, 5%CO2, saturation humidity and subsequently identified by morphology observation, i.e, MTT or Oil Red O staining and detection of lipoprotein lipase( LPL ) activity.
2.The primary preadipocytes were cultured in the DMEM/F12 media for 3, 5, 7 and 10 days respectively, the cell differentiation was evaluated by intracellular lipid droplet stained by red oil O, and the RETN gene expression during the preadipocyte differentiation were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR simultaneously.
3. The proliferated preadipocytes were randomly devided into 3 groups and the cells were respectively treated with different doses of insulin, glucose or dexamethasone in the DMEM/F12 media, and the finally concentration of insulin in the media was 0,10,100,and 1000 nmol/L, glucose concentration was 0,5,10 and 20 mmol/L, concentration of dexamethasone is 0,10,100 and 1000 nmol/L, each concentration with 3 repeats. The preadipocytes were cultured in the DMEM/F12 media with insulin, glucose or dexamethasone suplementation for 3, 7 and 10 days respectively, and the cell differentiation was evaluated by intracellular lipid droplet stained by red oil O, and the RETN gene expression were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR simultaneously.
Results
1.A few differentiated adipocytes, in which filled with fatty droplet, were observed at 3 d. The differentiation of porcine peradipocyte could be induced by insulin, glucose and dexamethasone.
2. The RETN expression level of the porcine preadipocytes cultured for 3, 5, 7 and 10 days were respectively 14.31±1.29, 5.58±0.29, 2.25±0.08 and 1.61±0.01, which were significantly decined during the cell differentiation.
3. The RETN expression of the preadipocyte was significantly increased by insulin supplementation in the media, which was dose-dependent; the RETN expression level were significantly related to the glucose concentration of the midia, and which was relativly higher as the cultured time of the cell prolonged.
4. Except for 10nmol/L dexamethasone teatment, the RETN expression of the porcine preadipocyte were sigificantly promoted by of dexamethasone in a positve manner. But the RETN expression was sligtly decreased by 4.3% in the preadipocyte treated with 10nmol/L dexamethasone.
Conclusion
1.During the preadipocyte differentiation, the level of RETN expression was significantly decreased(P<0.01), RETN gene may be associated with fat metabolism regulation, and the differentiation of porcine preadipocyte can be promoted by down-regulate RETN gene expression.
2. The RETN gene expression of the porcine preadipocyte in vitro could be promoted by insulin in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). Furthermore, the RETN gene expression could be significantly elevated by glucosein a time-dependent manner(P<0.05). The RETN expression could be inhibited by 10 nmol/L dexamethasone, wheras 100, 1000 nmol/L dexamethasone could up-regulate RETN expression in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner(P<0.05).
3. Although the RETN expression of the preadipocyte could be up-regulated to some extent by insulin, glucose and dexamethasone, the decreasing trend of the RETN expression of the porcine preadiocytes could not be changed by these factors above.
本研究旨在探讨抵抗素基因(RETN)在猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中表达水平的变化规律以及胰岛素、葡萄糖、地塞米松对RETN表达水平的影响。
方法
1、从1日龄仔猪皮下脂肪组织分离前脂肪细胞,于37℃、5%CO2、饱和湿度下进行原代培养,通过MTT法,油红O染色以及测定细胞内脂蛋白脂酶活性鉴定猪前脂肪细胞。
2、用油红O染色法观察前脂肪细胞培养3、5、7、10d后细胞形态的变化,并用实时荧光定量PCR检测前脂肪细胞分化过程中RETN基因表达水平的变化。
3、将增殖的猪前脂肪细胞随机分为3组,分别培养于含有胰岛素、葡萄糖和地塞米松的培养基中。培养液中胰岛素终浓度为0,10,100和1000 nmol/L;葡萄糖终浓度为0,5,10和20 mmol/L;地塞米松的终浓度为0,10,100和1000 nmol/L。每个浓度设三个重复。接种1d后将培养基更换为测试培养基即加入影响因子的培养基(记为0d),此后每隔2d换液一次。并于换液后的第3、5、10d后取样。通过油红O染色法观察胰岛素、葡萄糖、地塞米松对前脂肪细胞分化的影响,并用实时荧光定量PCR检测胰岛素、葡萄糖、地塞米松对RETN基因表达水平的影响。
结果
1、前脂肪细胞培养至第3d时,细胞内有少量脂滴出现,此后细胞内脂滴聚集,脂滴数量增加,体积逐渐增大,最后汇集成大脂滴充满细胞。低剂量的葡萄糖(5mM)和地塞米松(10nM)对前脂肪细胞分化的影响不明显,胰岛素、萄糖和地塞米松都有诱导前脂肪细胞分化的作用,随着影响因子的浓度增大而细胞分化速度加快,随培养时间的增加而分化程度增大。
2、抵抗素在3,5,7,10d的相对表达量分别是14.31±1.29,5.58±0.29,2.25±0.08,1.61±0.01,相邻两时间点比较抵抗素的表达差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01)。
3、与对照组相比,胰岛素能显著促进RETN的表达,此作用具有剂量依赖性;葡萄糖均能提高RETN的表达,且呈时间依赖性。
4、地塞米松在低浓度(10nM)的情况下,短时间(3d)内可抑制抵抗素的表达,5天内对抵抗素表达影响较小,与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);但长时间内可诱导抵抗素的表达,而地塞米松为100nM和1000nM时,对抵抗素表达的诱导作用呈剂量和时间依赖性(P<0.05)。
结论
1、在细胞分化过程中,抵抗素的表达量显著下降(p<0.01),提示RETN基因与前脂肪细胞脂肪代谢调节有关,其表达水平下调能促进前脂肪细胞分化。
2、胰岛素能显著上调抵抗素的表达且呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05),;葡萄糖能诱导抵抗素的表达并呈时间依赖性(P<0.05);低剂量的地塞米松(10nM)在短时间(3d)内可以抑制抵抗素的表达,其表达量下降了4.3%,高剂量地塞米松均能诱导抵抗素的表达。
3、尽管胰岛素、葡萄糖、地塞米松都能不同程度地促进抵抗素基因表达,但均不能改变猪前脂肪细胞分化过程中抵抗素表达水平下降的趋势。
Objectives
The aim of present study was to investigate the resistin gene (RETN) expression during the differentiation of porcine preadipocyte in vitro and to evaluate the effects of different concentration of insulin, glucose and dexamethasone on RETN of porcine preadipocyte.
Methods
1.The porcine preadipocytes were isolated from subcutaneous fat tissue of 1-day-old piglet and cultured in 37℃, 5%CO2, saturation humidity and subsequently identified by morphology observation, i.e, MTT or Oil Red O staining and detection of lipoprotein lipase( LPL ) activity.
2.The primary preadipocytes were cultured in the DMEM/F12 media for 3, 5, 7 and 10 days respectively, the cell differentiation was evaluated by intracellular lipid droplet stained by red oil O, and the RETN gene expression during the preadipocyte differentiation were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR simultaneously.
3. The proliferated preadipocytes were randomly devided into 3 groups and the cells were respectively treated with different doses of insulin, glucose or dexamethasone in the DMEM/F12 media, and the finally concentration of insulin in the media was 0,10,100,and 1000 nmol/L, glucose concentration was 0,5,10 and 20 mmol/L, concentration of dexamethasone is 0,10,100 and 1000 nmol/L, each concentration with 3 repeats. The preadipocytes were cultured in the DMEM/F12 media with insulin, glucose or dexamethasone suplementation for 3, 7 and 10 days respectively, and the cell differentiation was evaluated by intracellular lipid droplet stained by red oil O, and the RETN gene expression were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR simultaneously.
Results
1.A few differentiated adipocytes, in which filled with fatty droplet, were observed at 3 d. The differentiation of porcine peradipocyte could be induced by insulin, glucose and dexamethasone.
2. The RETN expression level of the porcine preadipocytes cultured for 3, 5, 7 and 10 days were respectively 14.31±1.29, 5.58±0.29, 2.25±0.08 and 1.61±0.01, which were significantly decined during the cell differentiation.
3. The RETN expression of the preadipocyte was significantly increased by insulin supplementation in the media, which was dose-dependent; the RETN expression level were significantly related to the glucose concentration of the midia, and which was relativly higher as the cultured time of the cell prolonged.
4. Except for 10nmol/L dexamethasone teatment, the RETN expression of the porcine preadipocyte were sigificantly promoted by of dexamethasone in a positve manner. But the RETN expression was sligtly decreased by 4.3% in the preadipocyte treated with 10nmol/L dexamethasone.
Conclusion
1.During the preadipocyte differentiation, the level of RETN expression was significantly decreased(P<0.01), RETN gene may be associated with fat metabolism regulation, and the differentiation of porcine preadipocyte can be promoted by down-regulate RETN gene expression.
2. The RETN gene expression of the porcine preadipocyte in vitro could be promoted by insulin in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). Furthermore, the RETN gene expression could be significantly elevated by glucosein a time-dependent manner(P<0.05). The RETN expression could be inhibited by 10 nmol/L dexamethasone, wheras 100, 1000 nmol/L dexamethasone could up-regulate RETN expression in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner(P<0.05).
3. Although the RETN expression of the preadipocyte could be up-regulated to some extent by insulin, glucose and dexamethasone, the decreasing trend of the RETN expression of the porcine preadiocytes could not be changed by these factors above.
引文
[1]Abadie J M, Malcom G T, Porter J R, et al. Can associations between free fatty acid levels and metabolic parameters determine insulin resistance development in obese zucker rats?[J]. Life Sciences, 2001, 69: 2675~2683.
[2]Sandra G, Jon S O, Gregory R S. Adiposetissueas an endocrine organ[J]. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2010, 316(2) :129~139.
[3]Steppan C M, Bailey S T, Bhat S. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes[J]. Nature, 2001,409(6818):307~312.
[4]Steppan C M, Brown E J, Wright C M. A family of tissue specific resistin like molecules[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2001, 98(2):502~526.
[5]许定尧.猪抵抗素和内脏脂肪素基因克隆、表达与多克隆抗体制备研究[D],华中农业大学:武汉,2008.
[6]Kim K H, Lee K, Moon Y S. A cysteine rich adipose tissue-specific secretory factor inhibits adipocyte differentiation[J].Biol Chem, 2001:276:11252~11256.
[7]Patel S D, Rajala M W, Rossetti L, et al. Disulfide-dependentmultimeric assembly of resistin family hormones[J]. Science, 2004, 304: 1154~1158.
[8]Steppan C M, Lazar M A. Resistin and obesity-associated insulin resistance[J]. Trends Endcrinol Metab,2002,13:18~23.
[9]Lin J, Choi Y H, Hartzell D L,et al. CNS melanocortin and leptin effects on stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and resistin expression[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,311(2):324~328.
[10]Cepica S, Rohrer G A, Masopust M,et al.Partial cloning,cytogenetic and linkage mapping of the porcine resistin gene[J].Anim Genet,2002,33:381~383.
[11]Minn A H, Patterson N B, Pack S,et al. Resistin is expressed in pancreatic islets[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003,310(2):641~645.
[12]Nogueiras R, Gallego R, Gualillo O, et al.Resistin is expressd in different rat tissues and is regulated in a tissue and gender specific manner[J]. FFBS Lett, 2003,548:21~27.
[13]Rajala M W, Lin Y, Ranalletta M, Yang XM,et al. Cell type-specific expression and coregulation of murine resistin and resistin-likemolecule-alpha in adipose tissue[J]. Mol Endocrinol ,2002, 16:1920~1930.
[14]Morash B A, Willkinson D, Ur E, et al.Resistin expression and regulation in mouse pituitary[J]. FEBS Lett, 2002,526:26~30.
[15]Sagawa N, Yura S, Itoh H, et al. Role of leptin in pregnancy--a review[J].Placenta, 2002; 23(Suppl A): S80~86.
[16]Savage D B, Sewter C P, Klenk E S,et al. Resistin/Fizz3 expression in relation to obesity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y action inhumans[J]. Diabetes, 2001, 50: 2199~2202.
[17]Nagaev I, Smith U. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are not related to resistin expression in human fat cells or skeletal muscle[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2001,285(2): 561~564.
[18]Chen X D, Lei T, Xia T, et al.Increased expression of resistin and tumor necrosia factor-alpha in pig adipose tissue as well as effect of feeding treatment on resistin and cAMP pathway. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2004, 6 (4):271~9.
[19]Janke J, Engeli S, Gorzelniak K, et al. Resistin gene expression in human adipocytes is not related to insulin resistance[J]. Obes Res, 2002: 10(1):1~5.
[20]McTernan P G, McTernan C L , Chetty R,et al. Increased resistin gene and protein expression in human abdominal adipose tissue[J]. Clin Endocrinol Metab,2002, 87: 2407.
[21]Patel L, Buckets A C, Kinghorn I J, Murdock P R, et al. Resistin is expressed in human macrophages and directly regulated by PPAR gamma activators[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003, 300(2):472~476.
[22]Tatiana O, Anibal A. Arjona J R. Recombinant human FIZZ3/Resistin stimulates lipolysis in cultured human adipocytes mouse adipose explants and normal mice[J]. Endocrinology,2005, 146(5):2200~2209.
[23]Ukkola O.Resistin-a mediator of obesity-associated insulin resistance or an innocent bystander[J].European Journal of Endocrinology, 2002,147(5): 571~574.
[24]杨再刚,李华,徐浩文.3T3-L1脂肪细胞分化不同阶段抵抗素表达的变化[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,15:25~27.
[25]Kawashima J, Tsuruzoe K, Motoshima H,et al.Insulin down-regulates resistin mRNA through the synthesis of protein(s) that could accelerate the degradation of resistin mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[J]. Diabetologia, 2003,46(2):231~240.
[26]Chernogubova E, Hutchinson D S ,Nedergaard J, et al.α1-andβ1-Adrenoceptor Signaling Fully Compensates forβ3-Adrenoceptor Deficiency in Brown Adipocyte Norepinephrine-Stimulated Glucose Uptake[J]. Endocrinology, 2005, 146,(5):2271~2284
[27]Delhanty P J, Mesotten D, Mcdougall F,et al. Growth hormone rapidly induces resistin gene expression in white adipose tissue of spontaneous dwarf (SDR) rats[J].Endocrinology, 2002, 143: 2445~2448.
[28]Amirezz J L, Castro M F, Kuri H W. Quantitation of adipose conversion and triglycerides by staining intracytoplasmic lipids with Oil red O[J]. Histochemistry, 1992, 97, 493~497
[29]Haugen F, Jorgensen A, Drevon CA, et al. Inhibition by insulin of resistin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[J]. FEBS-Lett , 2001 , 507(1): 105~108.
[30]Zhong Q, Lin C Y, Clarke K J, et al. Endothelin-1 inhibits resistin secretion in 3T3-Ll adipocytes[J].Bioehem Biophys Res Conunun.2002,296(2):383~387.
[31]姚晓,胡仁明.抵抗素基因表达的调控因素[J].生命科学进展,2005,36(2):265~267.
[32]Kaser S, Kaser A, Sandhofer A, et al.IResistin messenger-RNA expression is increased by proinflammatory cytokines in vitro[J]. Biochemical And Biophycal Research Communication,2003,309(2):286~290.
[33]Shojima N, Sakoda H, Ogihara T,et al.Humoral regulation of resistin expression in 3T3-L1 and mouse adipose cells[J]. Diabtes, 2002, 51(6):1737~1744.
[34]Li Y, Totsune K, Takeda K, et al.Differential expression of adrenomedullin and resistin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha[J].European Journal of Endocrinogy, 2003,149(3):231~238.
[35]Hartman H B, Hu X, Tyler K X, et al. Mechanisms regulating adipocyte expression of resistin.[J] .Biol Chem ,2002,277: 19754~19761.
[36]Asensio C, Cettour R P, Theander C C, et al. Changes in glycemia by leptin administration or high-fat feeding in rodent models of obesity/type 2 diabetes suggest a link between resistin expression and control of glucose homeostasis[J]. Endocrinology, 145(5): 2206~2213.
[37]Delporte M L, Eimkadem S A, Quisquater M, et al. Leptin treatmentmarkedly increased plasma adiponectin but barely decreased plasma resistin of ob/ob mice[J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2004, 287:E446~453.
[38]Lee J H, Chan J L, Yiannakouris N, et al.Circulating resistin levels are not associated with obesity or insulin resistance in humans and are not regulated by fasting or leptin administration: Cross-sectional and interventional studies in normal insulin-resistant and diabetic subjects[J]. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2003,88(10):4848~4856.
[39]Moore G B, Chapman H, Holder J C, et al. Differential regulation of adipocytokine mRNAs by rosiglitazone in db/db mice[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2001, 286:735~741.
[40]Way J M, Gorgun C Z, Tong Q, et al. Adipose tissue resistin expression is severely suppressed im obesity and stimulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists[J]. Biol Chem,2001,276: 25651~25653.
[41]Fukui Y, Motojima K. Expression of resistin in the adipose tissue is modulated byvarious factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha[J].Diabetes Obes Metab ,2002 ,4: 342~345.
[42]Li J P, Yu X X, Pan W T, et al. Gene expression profile of rat adipose tissue at the onset of high-fat-diet obesity[J]. Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2002, 282(6):1334~1341.
[43]Maebuchi M, Machidori M, Urade R, et al. Low resistin levels in adipose tissues and serum in high-fat fed mice and genetically obese mice: development of an ELISA system for quantification ofresistin[J]. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2003, 416(2):164~167.
[44]Barbara A M, Diane W, Ehud U. Resistin expression and regulation in mouse pituitary[J].Febs Letters,2002,526:26~30.
[45]Felipe F, BonetM L, Ribot J, et al. Modulation of resistin expression by retinoic acid and vitaminA status[J]. Diabetes,2004, 53: 882~889.
[46]Koichiro S, Tsuyoshi S, Shigefumi F, et al.End-tidal carbon dioxide predicts the individual effectiveness of nocturnal oxygen therapy in patients with chronic heart failure associated with central sleep apnea[J]. Circulation, 2006,114(18):418.
[47]Hojbjerre L, Rosenzweig M, Dela F, et al. Acute exercise increases adipose tissue interstitial adiponectin concentration in healthy overweight and lean subjects[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2007,157(5): 613~623.
[48]史守纪.养阴生津合剂和60分钟游泳运动对大鼠血清抵抗素水平的影响[D],扬州:扬州大学, 2005.
[49]Niederwanger A, Kranebitter M, Ciardi C P. Resistin impairs basal and insulin-induced glycogen synthesis by different mechanisms[J]. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2007, 263(1/2):112~119.
[50]Koebnick C, Wagner K, Garcia A L. Increase in serum resistin during weight loss in overweight subjects is related to lipid metabolism[J]. International Journal of Obesity, 2006,30(7):1097~1105.
[51]Liu Y, Wang Q, Pan Y B. Effects of over-expressing resistin on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B 2008,9(1):44~50.
[52]Lu S C,Shieh W Y,Chen C Y ,et a1.Lipopolysaccharide increases resistin gene expressionin vivo and invitro[J ].FEBS Lett ,2002,530(123):158~162.
[53]Nogueiras R, Gualillo O, Caminos J E,et a1. Regulation of resistin by gonadal thyroid hormone and nutritional status[J].Obes Res,2003,2(3):408~4l4.
[54]卢慧玲,王宏伟.糖尿病患者血浆抵抗素与血糖、血脂和胰岛素抵抗的关系[J].中华内科杂志,2004,43(1):53~54.
[55]Degawa Y M,Bovenkerk J E,et al.Serum resisin(FIZZ3)protein is increased in obese humans.J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2003,88:5452-5455.
[56]李慧,周大进,张乐之,等.血清抵抗素水平与肥胖及2型糖尿病的关系[J].中华糖尿病杂志, 2004, 12(3):199~201.
[57]章建梁,秦永文,郑兴,等.不同糖耐量状态的原发性高血压患者血清抵抗素水平[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2002, 18(3):233.
[58]Gong H X, Ni Y H, Guo X R, Fei L. Resistin promotes 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation[J]. Europfan Journal of Endocrinology, 2004,150(6):885~892.
[59]辜楠,郭锡熔,刘石,等. Resistin基因在3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞诱导分化过程中表达水平的变化.南京医科大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 26(2):82~85.
[60]Miriam H F, Julie T, Maria I, et al. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ:from theory to practice [J]. Pediatr (Rio J). 2007, 83(5Suppl):S 192-203.
[61]Suryawan A, Hu C Y. Effect of serum on differentiation of porcine adipose stromal- vascular cells in primary culture[J]. Physiol,1993, 105:485~492.
[62]Ding S T, McNeel R L, Mersmann H J. Expression of porcine adipocyte transcripts: Tissue distribution and differentiation in vitro and in vivo[J]. Mol Biol, 1999, 123:307~31.
[63]Ding S T, Wang M, Mersmann H J. Effect of unsaturated fatty acids on porcine adipocyte differentiation[J]. Nutr Res, 2003,23:1059~1069.
[64]弗雷谢尼.动物细胞培养-基本技术指南[M].(第5版).北京:科学出版社,2008.
[65]司徒镇强,吴军正,细胞培养[M].(第2版),西安:世界图书出版西安公司, 2007年1月, 19, 196~200.
[66]杨红文.猪前脂肪细胞的分离培养与鉴定及猪SMAFl,ATGL基因的组织表达规律[D],武汉:华中农业大学, 2006.
[67]陈育峰.重组抵抗素对原代猪前脂肪细胞增殖与分化的影响[D],湛江:广东海洋大学,2008.
[68]Geri G. Relationships between adipose tissue characteristics of new born pigsand subsequent performance[J].JAmimSci,1990,68:1922~1943.
[69]薛庆善.体外培养的原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001, 340~341.
[70]王竹晨,刘建中,李燕,等.人前脂肪细胞的原代培养[J].中山医科大学学报,2001, 22 ( 6 ) : 443~446.
[71]Francine M G, Cynthia M S, Hei S S. Understanding Adipocyte Differentiation [J]. Physiol Rev, 1998, (78):783~809.
[72]屈长青,张国华,陈粉粉,等.猪前体脂肪细胞的原代培养[J].农业生物技术学报,2005,l3(5):649~653.
[73]王竹晨,刘建中,李燕,等.人前脂肪细胞的原代培养[J].中山医科大学学报,2001, 22:443~447.
[74]Santamarina F S, Dugi K A. Structure function and role of lipoprotein lipase in lipoprotein metabolism[J]. Curr Opin Lipidol,1994,5(2): 117~125.
[75]张蓉,刘宇,刘秉文.血浆脂蛋白脂肪酶及肝脂肪酶的比色测定法[J].华西医科大学学报,1996, 27(1):106~110.
[76]Ramsay T G, Morrison C, Yan X. The Obesity Gene in Swine: Sequence and Expression of Porcine Leptin [J]. J Anim Sci, 1998, (76): 484~490.
[77]Hube F, Hauner H. The Role of TNF-alpha in Human Adiposetissue: Prevention of Weightgain at the Expense of Insulin Resistance? [J]. Horm Metab Res, 1999, (31): 626~631.
[78]Chen N X, Hausman G J, Wright J T. Influence of Thyroxine in Vivo on Preadipocyte Development and Insulin-like growth Factor-I and IGF Binding Protein Secretion in Fetal Stromal Vascular Cell Cultures [J]. Obesity Res, 1996, 4: 357~366.
[79]Kolapo M A, Sheila K J, Joanne L K, et al. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 are Selectively Regulated by Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-γin Primary Pig Adipocytes [J]. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physio, 2004, (1286):547~553.
[80]Samulin J, Berget I, Lien S, et al. Differential Gene Expression of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins During Porcine Adipogenesis [J]. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol, 2008, (2): 147~152.
[81]萨姆布鲁克.分子克隆实验指南[M].(第三版).北京:科学出版社, 2002.
[82]黄走方.荧光定量PCR检测急性髓系白血病骨髓细胞多基因表达及其临床意义[D].广州:南方医科大学,2009.
[83]Livak K J, Schmittgen T D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantative PCR and the 2-DDCT method[J]. Methods, 2001, 25:402~408.
[84]Budhia S, Haring L F, McConnell I. Quantitation of ovine cytokine mRNA by real-time RT-PCR[J]. Journal of Immunological methods,2006, 309(1/2):160~172.
[85]Singh R, Recinos R F, Agresti M. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction:an improvement in detecting mRNA levels in mouse cranial tissue[J]. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2006,117(7):2227~2234.
[86]Ghosh S, Singh A K, Aruna B. The genomic organization of mouse resistin reveals major differences from the human resistin: functional implications[J].Gene,2003 305(1):27~34.
[87]赵嘉咏,王一飞,胡红梅,等.抵抗素在3T3-L1前脂细胞分化前后表达量的变化[J].中国糖尿病杂志, 2008,16(1):7~8.
[88]Hausman G J, Jewell D E. The effect of insulin of primary cultures of rat preadipocytes grown in fetal of postnatal pig serum[J]. Anim Sci,1988, 66:3267~3278.
[89]Zhong Q, Kemppainen R J,Schwartz D D, et al.Endothelin-l inhibits resistin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[J].Diabetes,2002, 51 (2):A91.
[90]Del A A,Peralta S,Cattascosa J M,et al.Alternative splicing generates a novel non-secretable resistin isoform in Wistar rat[J].FEBS Lett,2003,555(2):243~249.
[91]Dai M H, Xia T, Chen X D,et al. Cloning and characterization of porcine resistin gene[J]. Domestic Animal Endocrineology,,2005, 6(2):5576~5586.
[92]宋文华.胰岛素、葡萄糖、脂肪酸对牛体外脂肪细胞抵抗素mRNA丰度的影响[D],长春:吉林农业大学,2006.
[93]Elks M L, Manganiello V C. Antilipolytic action of insulin: role of cAMP phosphodiesterase activation [J]. Endocrinology, 1985, 116: 2119~2121.
[94]Manganiello V C, Smith C J, Degerman E, et al. Molecular mechanisms involved in the antilipolytic action of insulin: phosphorylation and activation of a particulate adipocyte CAMP phosphodiesterase[J]. New York: Plenum Press, 1991, 239~248.
[95]Coppack SW, Frayn KN, Humphreys SM, et al. Effects of insulin on human adipose tissue metabolism in vivo [J]. CIin Sci, 1986, 77: 663~670.
[96]莫朝晖,胰岛素诱导基因(Insig2)在调控脂肪细胞分化与脂肪合成中作用的研究[D],长沙:中南大学,2007.
[97]Makimura H, Mizuno T M, Bergen H, et al. Adiponectin is stimulated by adrenalectomy in ob/ob mice and is highly correlated with resistin mRNA[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2002,283:E1266~1271.
[98]Ling C , Kindblom J, Wennbo H, et al. Increased resistin expression in the adipose tissue of male prolactin transgenic mice and in male mice with elevated androgen levels[J]. FEBS Letters,507(2): 147~150.
[99]Fasshauer M, Klein J, Neumann S, et al.Isoproterenol inhibits resistin gene expression through a G(S)-protein-coupled pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes,Febs Letters, 2001,500: 60~63.
[2]Sandra G, Jon S O, Gregory R S. Adiposetissueas an endocrine organ[J]. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2010, 316(2) :129~139.
[3]Steppan C M, Bailey S T, Bhat S. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes[J]. Nature, 2001,409(6818):307~312.
[4]Steppan C M, Brown E J, Wright C M. A family of tissue specific resistin like molecules[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2001, 98(2):502~526.
[5]许定尧.猪抵抗素和内脏脂肪素基因克隆、表达与多克隆抗体制备研究[D],华中农业大学:武汉,2008.
[6]Kim K H, Lee K, Moon Y S. A cysteine rich adipose tissue-specific secretory factor inhibits adipocyte differentiation[J].Biol Chem, 2001:276:11252~11256.
[7]Patel S D, Rajala M W, Rossetti L, et al. Disulfide-dependentmultimeric assembly of resistin family hormones[J]. Science, 2004, 304: 1154~1158.
[8]Steppan C M, Lazar M A. Resistin and obesity-associated insulin resistance[J]. Trends Endcrinol Metab,2002,13:18~23.
[9]Lin J, Choi Y H, Hartzell D L,et al. CNS melanocortin and leptin effects on stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and resistin expression[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2003,311(2):324~328.
[10]Cepica S, Rohrer G A, Masopust M,et al.Partial cloning,cytogenetic and linkage mapping of the porcine resistin gene[J].Anim Genet,2002,33:381~383.
[11]Minn A H, Patterson N B, Pack S,et al. Resistin is expressed in pancreatic islets[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003,310(2):641~645.
[12]Nogueiras R, Gallego R, Gualillo O, et al.Resistin is expressd in different rat tissues and is regulated in a tissue and gender specific manner[J]. FFBS Lett, 2003,548:21~27.
[13]Rajala M W, Lin Y, Ranalletta M, Yang XM,et al. Cell type-specific expression and coregulation of murine resistin and resistin-likemolecule-alpha in adipose tissue[J]. Mol Endocrinol ,2002, 16:1920~1930.
[14]Morash B A, Willkinson D, Ur E, et al.Resistin expression and regulation in mouse pituitary[J]. FEBS Lett, 2002,526:26~30.
[15]Sagawa N, Yura S, Itoh H, et al. Role of leptin in pregnancy--a review[J].Placenta, 2002; 23(Suppl A): S80~86.
[16]Savage D B, Sewter C P, Klenk E S,et al. Resistin/Fizz3 expression in relation to obesity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-y action inhumans[J]. Diabetes, 2001, 50: 2199~2202.
[17]Nagaev I, Smith U. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are not related to resistin expression in human fat cells or skeletal muscle[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2001,285(2): 561~564.
[18]Chen X D, Lei T, Xia T, et al.Increased expression of resistin and tumor necrosia factor-alpha in pig adipose tissue as well as effect of feeding treatment on resistin and cAMP pathway. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2004, 6 (4):271~9.
[19]Janke J, Engeli S, Gorzelniak K, et al. Resistin gene expression in human adipocytes is not related to insulin resistance[J]. Obes Res, 2002: 10(1):1~5.
[20]McTernan P G, McTernan C L , Chetty R,et al. Increased resistin gene and protein expression in human abdominal adipose tissue[J]. Clin Endocrinol Metab,2002, 87: 2407.
[21]Patel L, Buckets A C, Kinghorn I J, Murdock P R, et al. Resistin is expressed in human macrophages and directly regulated by PPAR gamma activators[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2003, 300(2):472~476.
[22]Tatiana O, Anibal A. Arjona J R. Recombinant human FIZZ3/Resistin stimulates lipolysis in cultured human adipocytes mouse adipose explants and normal mice[J]. Endocrinology,2005, 146(5):2200~2209.
[23]Ukkola O.Resistin-a mediator of obesity-associated insulin resistance or an innocent bystander[J].European Journal of Endocrinology, 2002,147(5): 571~574.
[24]杨再刚,李华,徐浩文.3T3-L1脂肪细胞分化不同阶段抵抗素表达的变化[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,15:25~27.
[25]Kawashima J, Tsuruzoe K, Motoshima H,et al.Insulin down-regulates resistin mRNA through the synthesis of protein(s) that could accelerate the degradation of resistin mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[J]. Diabetologia, 2003,46(2):231~240.
[26]Chernogubova E, Hutchinson D S ,Nedergaard J, et al.α1-andβ1-Adrenoceptor Signaling Fully Compensates forβ3-Adrenoceptor Deficiency in Brown Adipocyte Norepinephrine-Stimulated Glucose Uptake[J]. Endocrinology, 2005, 146,(5):2271~2284
[27]Delhanty P J, Mesotten D, Mcdougall F,et al. Growth hormone rapidly induces resistin gene expression in white adipose tissue of spontaneous dwarf (SDR) rats[J].Endocrinology, 2002, 143: 2445~2448.
[28]Amirezz J L, Castro M F, Kuri H W. Quantitation of adipose conversion and triglycerides by staining intracytoplasmic lipids with Oil red O[J]. Histochemistry, 1992, 97, 493~497
[29]Haugen F, Jorgensen A, Drevon CA, et al. Inhibition by insulin of resistin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[J]. FEBS-Lett , 2001 , 507(1): 105~108.
[30]Zhong Q, Lin C Y, Clarke K J, et al. Endothelin-1 inhibits resistin secretion in 3T3-Ll adipocytes[J].Bioehem Biophys Res Conunun.2002,296(2):383~387.
[31]姚晓,胡仁明.抵抗素基因表达的调控因素[J].生命科学进展,2005,36(2):265~267.
[32]Kaser S, Kaser A, Sandhofer A, et al.IResistin messenger-RNA expression is increased by proinflammatory cytokines in vitro[J]. Biochemical And Biophycal Research Communication,2003,309(2):286~290.
[33]Shojima N, Sakoda H, Ogihara T,et al.Humoral regulation of resistin expression in 3T3-L1 and mouse adipose cells[J]. Diabtes, 2002, 51(6):1737~1744.
[34]Li Y, Totsune K, Takeda K, et al.Differential expression of adrenomedullin and resistin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha[J].European Journal of Endocrinogy, 2003,149(3):231~238.
[35]Hartman H B, Hu X, Tyler K X, et al. Mechanisms regulating adipocyte expression of resistin.[J] .Biol Chem ,2002,277: 19754~19761.
[36]Asensio C, Cettour R P, Theander C C, et al. Changes in glycemia by leptin administration or high-fat feeding in rodent models of obesity/type 2 diabetes suggest a link between resistin expression and control of glucose homeostasis[J]. Endocrinology, 145(5): 2206~2213.
[37]Delporte M L, Eimkadem S A, Quisquater M, et al. Leptin treatmentmarkedly increased plasma adiponectin but barely decreased plasma resistin of ob/ob mice[J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2004, 287:E446~453.
[38]Lee J H, Chan J L, Yiannakouris N, et al.Circulating resistin levels are not associated with obesity or insulin resistance in humans and are not regulated by fasting or leptin administration: Cross-sectional and interventional studies in normal insulin-resistant and diabetic subjects[J]. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2003,88(10):4848~4856.
[39]Moore G B, Chapman H, Holder J C, et al. Differential regulation of adipocytokine mRNAs by rosiglitazone in db/db mice[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2001, 286:735~741.
[40]Way J M, Gorgun C Z, Tong Q, et al. Adipose tissue resistin expression is severely suppressed im obesity and stimulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists[J]. Biol Chem,2001,276: 25651~25653.
[41]Fukui Y, Motojima K. Expression of resistin in the adipose tissue is modulated byvarious factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha[J].Diabetes Obes Metab ,2002 ,4: 342~345.
[42]Li J P, Yu X X, Pan W T, et al. Gene expression profile of rat adipose tissue at the onset of high-fat-diet obesity[J]. Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2002, 282(6):1334~1341.
[43]Maebuchi M, Machidori M, Urade R, et al. Low resistin levels in adipose tissues and serum in high-fat fed mice and genetically obese mice: development of an ELISA system for quantification ofresistin[J]. Arch Biochem Biophys, 2003, 416(2):164~167.
[44]Barbara A M, Diane W, Ehud U. Resistin expression and regulation in mouse pituitary[J].Febs Letters,2002,526:26~30.
[45]Felipe F, BonetM L, Ribot J, et al. Modulation of resistin expression by retinoic acid and vitaminA status[J]. Diabetes,2004, 53: 882~889.
[46]Koichiro S, Tsuyoshi S, Shigefumi F, et al.End-tidal carbon dioxide predicts the individual effectiveness of nocturnal oxygen therapy in patients with chronic heart failure associated with central sleep apnea[J]. Circulation, 2006,114(18):418.
[47]Hojbjerre L, Rosenzweig M, Dela F, et al. Acute exercise increases adipose tissue interstitial adiponectin concentration in healthy overweight and lean subjects[J]. Eur J Endocrinol, 2007,157(5): 613~623.
[48]史守纪.养阴生津合剂和60分钟游泳运动对大鼠血清抵抗素水平的影响[D],扬州:扬州大学, 2005.
[49]Niederwanger A, Kranebitter M, Ciardi C P. Resistin impairs basal and insulin-induced glycogen synthesis by different mechanisms[J]. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2007, 263(1/2):112~119.
[50]Koebnick C, Wagner K, Garcia A L. Increase in serum resistin during weight loss in overweight subjects is related to lipid metabolism[J]. International Journal of Obesity, 2006,30(7):1097~1105.
[51]Liu Y, Wang Q, Pan Y B. Effects of over-expressing resistin on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B 2008,9(1):44~50.
[52]Lu S C,Shieh W Y,Chen C Y ,et a1.Lipopolysaccharide increases resistin gene expressionin vivo and invitro[J ].FEBS Lett ,2002,530(123):158~162.
[53]Nogueiras R, Gualillo O, Caminos J E,et a1. Regulation of resistin by gonadal thyroid hormone and nutritional status[J].Obes Res,2003,2(3):408~4l4.
[54]卢慧玲,王宏伟.糖尿病患者血浆抵抗素与血糖、血脂和胰岛素抵抗的关系[J].中华内科杂志,2004,43(1):53~54.
[55]Degawa Y M,Bovenkerk J E,et al.Serum resisin(FIZZ3)protein is increased in obese humans.J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2003,88:5452-5455.
[56]李慧,周大进,张乐之,等.血清抵抗素水平与肥胖及2型糖尿病的关系[J].中华糖尿病杂志, 2004, 12(3):199~201.
[57]章建梁,秦永文,郑兴,等.不同糖耐量状态的原发性高血压患者血清抵抗素水平[J].中华内分泌代谢杂志, 2002, 18(3):233.
[58]Gong H X, Ni Y H, Guo X R, Fei L. Resistin promotes 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation[J]. Europfan Journal of Endocrinology, 2004,150(6):885~892.
[59]辜楠,郭锡熔,刘石,等. Resistin基因在3T3-L1前体脂肪细胞诱导分化过程中表达水平的变化.南京医科大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 26(2):82~85.
[60]Miriam H F, Julie T, Maria I, et al. Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ:from theory to practice [J]. Pediatr (Rio J). 2007, 83(5Suppl):S 192-203.
[61]Suryawan A, Hu C Y. Effect of serum on differentiation of porcine adipose stromal- vascular cells in primary culture[J]. Physiol,1993, 105:485~492.
[62]Ding S T, McNeel R L, Mersmann H J. Expression of porcine adipocyte transcripts: Tissue distribution and differentiation in vitro and in vivo[J]. Mol Biol, 1999, 123:307~31.
[63]Ding S T, Wang M, Mersmann H J. Effect of unsaturated fatty acids on porcine adipocyte differentiation[J]. Nutr Res, 2003,23:1059~1069.
[64]弗雷谢尼.动物细胞培养-基本技术指南[M].(第5版).北京:科学出版社,2008.
[65]司徒镇强,吴军正,细胞培养[M].(第2版),西安:世界图书出版西安公司, 2007年1月, 19, 196~200.
[66]杨红文.猪前脂肪细胞的分离培养与鉴定及猪SMAFl,ATGL基因的组织表达规律[D],武汉:华中农业大学, 2006.
[67]陈育峰.重组抵抗素对原代猪前脂肪细胞增殖与分化的影响[D],湛江:广东海洋大学,2008.
[68]Geri G. Relationships between adipose tissue characteristics of new born pigsand subsequent performance[J].JAmimSci,1990,68:1922~1943.
[69]薛庆善.体外培养的原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001, 340~341.
[70]王竹晨,刘建中,李燕,等.人前脂肪细胞的原代培养[J].中山医科大学学报,2001, 22 ( 6 ) : 443~446.
[71]Francine M G, Cynthia M S, Hei S S. Understanding Adipocyte Differentiation [J]. Physiol Rev, 1998, (78):783~809.
[72]屈长青,张国华,陈粉粉,等.猪前体脂肪细胞的原代培养[J].农业生物技术学报,2005,l3(5):649~653.
[73]王竹晨,刘建中,李燕,等.人前脂肪细胞的原代培养[J].中山医科大学学报,2001, 22:443~447.
[74]Santamarina F S, Dugi K A. Structure function and role of lipoprotein lipase in lipoprotein metabolism[J]. Curr Opin Lipidol,1994,5(2): 117~125.
[75]张蓉,刘宇,刘秉文.血浆脂蛋白脂肪酶及肝脂肪酶的比色测定法[J].华西医科大学学报,1996, 27(1):106~110.
[76]Ramsay T G, Morrison C, Yan X. The Obesity Gene in Swine: Sequence and Expression of Porcine Leptin [J]. J Anim Sci, 1998, (76): 484~490.
[77]Hube F, Hauner H. The Role of TNF-alpha in Human Adiposetissue: Prevention of Weightgain at the Expense of Insulin Resistance? [J]. Horm Metab Res, 1999, (31): 626~631.
[78]Chen N X, Hausman G J, Wright J T. Influence of Thyroxine in Vivo on Preadipocyte Development and Insulin-like growth Factor-I and IGF Binding Protein Secretion in Fetal Stromal Vascular Cell Cultures [J]. Obesity Res, 1996, 4: 357~366.
[79]Kolapo M A, Sheila K J, Joanne L K, et al. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 are Selectively Regulated by Lipopolysaccharide and Interferon-γin Primary Pig Adipocytes [J]. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physio, 2004, (1286):547~553.
[80]Samulin J, Berget I, Lien S, et al. Differential Gene Expression of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins During Porcine Adipogenesis [J]. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol, 2008, (2): 147~152.
[81]萨姆布鲁克.分子克隆实验指南[M].(第三版).北京:科学出版社, 2002.
[82]黄走方.荧光定量PCR检测急性髓系白血病骨髓细胞多基因表达及其临床意义[D].广州:南方医科大学,2009.
[83]Livak K J, Schmittgen T D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantative PCR and the 2-DDCT method[J]. Methods, 2001, 25:402~408.
[84]Budhia S, Haring L F, McConnell I. Quantitation of ovine cytokine mRNA by real-time RT-PCR[J]. Journal of Immunological methods,2006, 309(1/2):160~172.
[85]Singh R, Recinos R F, Agresti M. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction:an improvement in detecting mRNA levels in mouse cranial tissue[J]. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2006,117(7):2227~2234.
[86]Ghosh S, Singh A K, Aruna B. The genomic organization of mouse resistin reveals major differences from the human resistin: functional implications[J].Gene,2003 305(1):27~34.
[87]赵嘉咏,王一飞,胡红梅,等.抵抗素在3T3-L1前脂细胞分化前后表达量的变化[J].中国糖尿病杂志, 2008,16(1):7~8.
[88]Hausman G J, Jewell D E. The effect of insulin of primary cultures of rat preadipocytes grown in fetal of postnatal pig serum[J]. Anim Sci,1988, 66:3267~3278.
[89]Zhong Q, Kemppainen R J,Schwartz D D, et al.Endothelin-l inhibits resistin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes[J].Diabetes,2002, 51 (2):A91.
[90]Del A A,Peralta S,Cattascosa J M,et al.Alternative splicing generates a novel non-secretable resistin isoform in Wistar rat[J].FEBS Lett,2003,555(2):243~249.
[91]Dai M H, Xia T, Chen X D,et al. Cloning and characterization of porcine resistin gene[J]. Domestic Animal Endocrineology,,2005, 6(2):5576~5586.
[92]宋文华.胰岛素、葡萄糖、脂肪酸对牛体外脂肪细胞抵抗素mRNA丰度的影响[D],长春:吉林农业大学,2006.
[93]Elks M L, Manganiello V C. Antilipolytic action of insulin: role of cAMP phosphodiesterase activation [J]. Endocrinology, 1985, 116: 2119~2121.
[94]Manganiello V C, Smith C J, Degerman E, et al. Molecular mechanisms involved in the antilipolytic action of insulin: phosphorylation and activation of a particulate adipocyte CAMP phosphodiesterase[J]. New York: Plenum Press, 1991, 239~248.
[95]Coppack SW, Frayn KN, Humphreys SM, et al. Effects of insulin on human adipose tissue metabolism in vivo [J]. CIin Sci, 1986, 77: 663~670.
[96]莫朝晖,胰岛素诱导基因(Insig2)在调控脂肪细胞分化与脂肪合成中作用的研究[D],长沙:中南大学,2007.
[97]Makimura H, Mizuno T M, Bergen H, et al. Adiponectin is stimulated by adrenalectomy in ob/ob mice and is highly correlated with resistin mRNA[J].Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2002,283:E1266~1271.
[98]Ling C , Kindblom J, Wennbo H, et al. Increased resistin expression in the adipose tissue of male prolactin transgenic mice and in male mice with elevated androgen levels[J]. FEBS Letters,507(2): 147~150.
[99]Fasshauer M, Klein J, Neumann S, et al.Isoproterenol inhibits resistin gene expression through a G(S)-protein-coupled pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes,Febs Letters, 2001,500: 60~63.