超临界流体连续染纱流程与装置研究
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摘要
超临界流体染色(Supercritical Fluid Dying,简称“SFD”)是21世纪最具活力的绿色染色方法之一,文中首先综述了SFD工艺和装置的研究现状,归纳了SFD的参数,指出了SFD工艺和核心设备—染纱器所存的问题,并针对存在的问题,提出了染纱器的设计思想,介绍了染纱器结构的由来,并给出了连续式染纱器的设计方法。所设计的超临界流体染纱器功能齐全,集染色、清洗浮色于一体,不仅实现了均匀染色,而且实现了连续化操作,节约了资源,又减少了染色的时间,易于工业放大。
通过归纳分析目前超临界流体染色工艺及所设计染纱器的特点,确定了动态染色工艺,给出了染色工艺参数,并给出了整套染色装置的设计方法,包括循环泵、加热器、冷却器和二氧化碳储罐等设备,确定了各设备的结构尺寸,并进行了强度校核计算。所确定的动态染色工艺可以涵盖目前市场上绝大多数的织物和纱线,实现了均匀染色。
将流体穿过筒纱的模型简化为流体穿过多孔介质的二维轴对称模型,建立了纱仓流场数值模拟的计算模型,并利用FLUENT软件自带的多孔介质模型对纱仓流场进行了数值模拟,找出了影响纱仓流场的各个因素,确定了流体分布器的结构:开孔直径5mm、开孔率0.6。在流场模拟结果的基础上,将开孔均布的筒管改为轴向上开孔率不同的五段式筒管,并设计了正交试验,得到了最优的筒管开孔情况,即筒管各段的开孔率分别为0.5、0.1、0.3、0.1和0.4。所取得的模拟结果,为纱仓结构的优化提供了依据。
Supercritical fluid dyeing (SFD) is one of the most vigorous green dyeing in 21~(st) century. The general situation of the equipment and process of SFD is summarized in this paper, the parameters of SFD-Process are induced, and existing problems of SFD-Process and yarn-dyeing equipment which is the key equipment are pointed out. Concerning the existing problems, design idea of yarn-dyeing equipment is pointed out, and design method of continuous equipment of yarn-dyeing is put forward. The function of continuous supercritical fluid yarn-dyeing is complete, for it combines dyeing with cleaning. The equipment can realize not only continuous operation but also level dyeing which result in saving resource and reducing dyeing time.
By summarizing and analyzing the characteristics of SFD-Process and the continuous yarn-dyeing equipment, dynamic process is determined, dyeing parameters are given out, design method of the whole device including of the circulating pump, the heater, the cooler, the tank for CO_2 and so on is pointed out, structural sizes of the equipments are given out, and strength of the equipment is checked. The dynamic process can be use of dyeing most of fabrics in market.
Supercritical fluid flow through yarn packages is modeled as 2-D, axisymmetric flow through porous media, a calculated model is established for numerical simulation. Using the porous model with FLUENT software, the author simulated the inside flow-field of canister for holding yarn and found the factor that influence the flow-field of canister and determine the dimension of fluid distributor that the diameter of circular opening is 5mm and porosity is 0.6. On the basis of flow-field, the author change bobbin that composed of uniform distribution opening to the five parts bobbin of which porosity is different in axial direction. And then orthogonal test is designed, optimal opening conditions is obtained, that is, the porosity of each part is 0.5, 0.1, 0.3, 0.1 and 0.4. The whole numerical simulation effect offers a guide for the optimizing of canister structure.
通过归纳分析目前超临界流体染色工艺及所设计染纱器的特点,确定了动态染色工艺,给出了染色工艺参数,并给出了整套染色装置的设计方法,包括循环泵、加热器、冷却器和二氧化碳储罐等设备,确定了各设备的结构尺寸,并进行了强度校核计算。所确定的动态染色工艺可以涵盖目前市场上绝大多数的织物和纱线,实现了均匀染色。
将流体穿过筒纱的模型简化为流体穿过多孔介质的二维轴对称模型,建立了纱仓流场数值模拟的计算模型,并利用FLUENT软件自带的多孔介质模型对纱仓流场进行了数值模拟,找出了影响纱仓流场的各个因素,确定了流体分布器的结构:开孔直径5mm、开孔率0.6。在流场模拟结果的基础上,将开孔均布的筒管改为轴向上开孔率不同的五段式筒管,并设计了正交试验,得到了最优的筒管开孔情况,即筒管各段的开孔率分别为0.5、0.1、0.3、0.1和0.4。所取得的模拟结果,为纱仓结构的优化提供了依据。
Supercritical fluid dyeing (SFD) is one of the most vigorous green dyeing in 21~(st) century. The general situation of the equipment and process of SFD is summarized in this paper, the parameters of SFD-Process are induced, and existing problems of SFD-Process and yarn-dyeing equipment which is the key equipment are pointed out. Concerning the existing problems, design idea of yarn-dyeing equipment is pointed out, and design method of continuous equipment of yarn-dyeing is put forward. The function of continuous supercritical fluid yarn-dyeing is complete, for it combines dyeing with cleaning. The equipment can realize not only continuous operation but also level dyeing which result in saving resource and reducing dyeing time.
By summarizing and analyzing the characteristics of SFD-Process and the continuous yarn-dyeing equipment, dynamic process is determined, dyeing parameters are given out, design method of the whole device including of the circulating pump, the heater, the cooler, the tank for CO_2 and so on is pointed out, structural sizes of the equipments are given out, and strength of the equipment is checked. The dynamic process can be use of dyeing most of fabrics in market.
Supercritical fluid flow through yarn packages is modeled as 2-D, axisymmetric flow through porous media, a calculated model is established for numerical simulation. Using the porous model with FLUENT software, the author simulated the inside flow-field of canister for holding yarn and found the factor that influence the flow-field of canister and determine the dimension of fluid distributor that the diameter of circular opening is 5mm and porosity is 0.6. On the basis of flow-field, the author change bobbin that composed of uniform distribution opening to the five parts bobbin of which porosity is different in axial direction. And then orthogonal test is designed, optimal opening conditions is obtained, that is, the porosity of each part is 0.5, 0.1, 0.3, 0.1 and 0.4. The whole numerical simulation effect offers a guide for the optimizing of canister structure.
引文
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[3]杨基础,杨光.超临界染色的原理及应用[C]//科学技术协会.21世纪信息技术生态纺织品国际研讨会论文集.北京:中国纺织出版社,2002:302-308.
[4]梁凤英.超临界二氧化碳在染色中的应用[J].四川丝绸,2005,(1):18-19.
[5]蔚立玉.涤纶和锦纶纤维在超临界CO_2中的染色研究[D].浙江:浙江工业大学硕士论文,2004.
[6]解谷声.超临界二氧化碳流体的染色加工[J].辽宁丝绸,2003,(4):33-37.
[7]何中琴.纤维产品用超临界二氧化碳洗净和染色[J].国外丝绸,1999,(4):16-21.
[8]蔚立玉,林春绵,王军良,等.涤纶织物在超临界二氧化碳中的染色实验[J].纺织学报,2003,24(6):73-74.
[9]刘秋阳,尹恩华.超临界染色技术[J].精细与专用化学品,2003,11(23):11-12.
[10]吉金生.合成材料的无水染色-超临界CO_2染色[J].天津纺织科技,1993,(3):52-54.
[11]BACH E,CLEVE E,SCHOLLMERYER E,et al.Experience with the Uhde CO_2 Dyeing Plant on Technical Scale[J].国际纺织导报,1998,(4):41-43.
[12]何中琴.纤维产品用超临界二氧化碳洗净和染色[J].国外丝绸,1999,(4):16-21,15.
[13]周宏湘.涤纶用超临界二氧化碳染色[J].广西纺织科技,2000,29(1):31-34.
[14]SMITH C B,MONTERO G A,HENDRIX WA.Improved Method of Dyeing Hydrohobic Textile Fibers with Colorant Material in Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide:PCT,WO 99/63-146[P].1999-05-10.
[15]金雪松.超临界CO_2流体染色工艺:CN,200510040231.6[P].2005-11-09.
[16]侯爱芹,戴瑾瑾.涤纶织物的超临界流体染色研究[J].印染,2002,28(B09):20-22.
[17]陆同庆.超临界二氧化碳流体染色技术[J].江苏丝绸,2004,(6):11-13.
[18]KNITTEL D,SAUS W,SCHOLLMEYER E.Application of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Finishing Processes[J].Journal Text Inst,1993,(84):534-552.
[19]ELKE B,ERNST C.Past,Present and Future of Supercritical Fluid Dyeing Technology(一)[J].Dyeing and Finishing,2003,29(3):42-45.
[20]何中琴,王雪良.用超临界二氧化碳的染色方法——事前的调查研究[J].印染译丛,2001,(1):67-72.
[21]HENDRIX W A.Process in Supercritical CO_2 Dyeing[J].Journal of Industrial Textiles,2001,31(1):43-56.
[22]尹恩华.超临界染色及其产业化的探讨[C]//中国化工学会.第五届全国超临界流体技术学术及应用研讨会论文集.北京:中国化工学会,2002:626-650.
[23]孙传经,孙云鹏,孙明华.超临界二氧化碳染色工艺中的高压染色釜:CN,98241718.7[P].1999-11-24.
[24]JASPER J.Textile Finishing Process Where Dispersion Dyes are Applied to Reels of in Short Period using Autoclaves with Pumps to Circulate Carbon Dioxide instead of Water:DE,4206954[P].1993-09-09.
[25]郑来久,郭友才,姜涛,等.超临界二氧化碳染色装置中的染色釜:CN,200510136782.2[P].2005-12-26.
[26]郭晓沽,王金民,包桂莲.一种超临界二氧化碳装置中的染色釜:CN,2006101212053.8[P].2006-10-27.
[27]韦朝海,吴锦华,李平,等.超临界二氧化碳染色过程[J].化工进展,2003,(4):341-344.
[28]TUMA D,GERHARD M S.Determination of The Solubilities of Dyestuffs in Near and Supercritical Fluids by a Static Method up to 180 MPa[J].Fluids Phase Equilibria,1999,158:743.
[29]COIMBRA P,GIL M H,DUARTE C M M,et al.Solubility of a Spiroindilinonaphthoxazinephotochromic Dye in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide:Experimental Determination and Correlation[J].Fluids Phase Equilibria,2005,238:120-128.
[30]BANCHERO M,FERRI A,MANNA L,et al.Solubility of Disperse Dyes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol[J].Fluids Phase Equilibria,2006,243:107-114.
[31]FERRI A,BANCHERO M,MANNA L,et al.Dye Uptake and Partition Ratio of Disperse Dyes between a RET Yarn and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide[J].Journal of Supercriticcal Fluids,2006,37:107-114.
[32]WAGNER B,CORNELIA B K,GERHARD M S.Investigations on The Solubility of Anthraquinone Dyes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide by a Flow Method[J].Fluids Phase Equilibria,1999,158:707-712.
[33]TAMURA K,SHINODA T.Binary and Ternary Solubilities of Disperse Dyes and Their Blend in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide[J].Fluids Phase Equilibria,2004,219:25-32.
[34]GORDILLO M D,PEREYRA C,Martinez E J.Solubility Estimations for Disperse Blue 14in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide[J].Dyes and Pigments,2005,67:167-173.
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