SWAT模型在农业非点源污染研究中的应用
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摘要
本论文选题于吉林省科技厅发展计划项目《吉林省水库汇水区非点源模拟技术及应用》,研究长春市的主要供水源——石头口门水库汇水流域内的农业非点源污染状况。石头口门水库是长春市及周边县市的主要水源地。目前,石头口门水库汇水流域的农业非点源污染问题已较为严重。对该流域农业非点源污染进行研究,具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。
论文选用美国农业部农业研究所开发的非点源污染模型——SWAT模型,将其与地理信息系统(GIS)、数字高程模型(DEM)相结合,对研究区非点源污染进行模拟与研究。在资料收集、野外调查、样品采集及测试分析的基础上,制作流域的DEM图、土地利用类型图与土壤类型图,构建研究区农业非点源污染的空间数据库和属性数据库。运用SWAT模型模拟研究区农业非点源污染,并采用实测数据对模拟进行校验。分别从空间和时间上对农业非点源污染负荷分布进行分析,识别出研究区内农业非点源污染严重的区域。设计典型水文年,对不同降水保证率条件下的农业非点源污染进行模拟和研究。最后,提出适合研究区的管理控制建议。
At present,the water environment pollution problem is a pervasive pollution problem throughout the world, Non-point source pollution is an important factor in water environment pollution. It is necessary to simulate the Non-point source pollution process and analyze the variartion at temporal and spatial scale, to provide an effective basis for formulate control and management measures of Non-point source pollution. This paper reviews the development of Non-point source pollution study and model, take Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment basin for study area, simulation and research the non-point source pollution problem. Shitoukoumen reservoir is the major water sources of Changchun City and its surrounding counties and cities. At present, the agricultural Non-point source pollution of study area has been very serious.So it has important practical significance and theoretical value to study the agricultural Non-point source pollution at this area.
This paper select the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model developed by USDA-ARS,combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM),then simulation the agricultural Non-point source pollution of study area,the main contents include:
1. Preliminary evaluation the Non-point source pollution status of the study area through surveys and analysis, found that the non-point source pollution problem of study area is very serious.In order to protect water quality, It is Great need to study the Non-point source pollution, identify and analyze the key Pollution areas, made protection measures and recommendations.
2. Drawing DEM, land-use types and soil type maps of study area,to build the agricultural non-point source pollution spatial database. Search information of study area and model documentation, to build the agricultural non-point source pollution attributes database.
3. Take year 2006-2007 for Simulation time, simulation the agricultural Non-point source pollution of study area by SWAT model. Based on DEM, study area was depicted as 23 sub-basins and 103 HRUs. Measured time series stream fiow data were used to ealibrate and verify the model, proved SWAT model applies to the study area.
4. Calculation the sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus and other non-point source pollution load of basin.Take years and months as time units, analyze the load distribution at temporal and spatial scale, identify and analyze the key Pollution areas.
5. Design typical hydrological years with different rainfall insurance rate (10%, 50%&90%) conditions, simulation and study the agricultural Non-point source pollution of these years.Found that the non-point source pollution is more serious under high precipitation condition.
6. Made protection measures and recommendations, suggest improvements for lack of research.
论文选用美国农业部农业研究所开发的非点源污染模型——SWAT模型,将其与地理信息系统(GIS)、数字高程模型(DEM)相结合,对研究区非点源污染进行模拟与研究。在资料收集、野外调查、样品采集及测试分析的基础上,制作流域的DEM图、土地利用类型图与土壤类型图,构建研究区农业非点源污染的空间数据库和属性数据库。运用SWAT模型模拟研究区农业非点源污染,并采用实测数据对模拟进行校验。分别从空间和时间上对农业非点源污染负荷分布进行分析,识别出研究区内农业非点源污染严重的区域。设计典型水文年,对不同降水保证率条件下的农业非点源污染进行模拟和研究。最后,提出适合研究区的管理控制建议。
At present,the water environment pollution problem is a pervasive pollution problem throughout the world, Non-point source pollution is an important factor in water environment pollution. It is necessary to simulate the Non-point source pollution process and analyze the variartion at temporal and spatial scale, to provide an effective basis for formulate control and management measures of Non-point source pollution. This paper reviews the development of Non-point source pollution study and model, take Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment basin for study area, simulation and research the non-point source pollution problem. Shitoukoumen reservoir is the major water sources of Changchun City and its surrounding counties and cities. At present, the agricultural Non-point source pollution of study area has been very serious.So it has important practical significance and theoretical value to study the agricultural Non-point source pollution at this area.
This paper select the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model developed by USDA-ARS,combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM),then simulation the agricultural Non-point source pollution of study area,the main contents include:
1. Preliminary evaluation the Non-point source pollution status of the study area through surveys and analysis, found that the non-point source pollution problem of study area is very serious.In order to protect water quality, It is Great need to study the Non-point source pollution, identify and analyze the key Pollution areas, made protection measures and recommendations.
2. Drawing DEM, land-use types and soil type maps of study area,to build the agricultural non-point source pollution spatial database. Search information of study area and model documentation, to build the agricultural non-point source pollution attributes database.
3. Take year 2006-2007 for Simulation time, simulation the agricultural Non-point source pollution of study area by SWAT model. Based on DEM, study area was depicted as 23 sub-basins and 103 HRUs. Measured time series stream fiow data were used to ealibrate and verify the model, proved SWAT model applies to the study area.
4. Calculation the sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus and other non-point source pollution load of basin.Take years and months as time units, analyze the load distribution at temporal and spatial scale, identify and analyze the key Pollution areas.
5. Design typical hydrological years with different rainfall insurance rate (10%, 50%&90%) conditions, simulation and study the agricultural Non-point source pollution of these years.Found that the non-point source pollution is more serious under high precipitation condition.
6. Made protection measures and recommendations, suggest improvements for lack of research.
引文
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[4] Martha W G,Wanada B P.A Geographic information system to predict nonpoint source pollution potential[J].Water Resource Bulletin,1987,(2):281-291.
[5]唐莲,白丹.农业活动非点源污染与水环境恶化[J].环境保护,2003,3:18-2.
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[10] Soil Conservation Service.National Engineering Handbook,Section 4 [S].1956: 23-65.
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[3] Boers,P.C.M.Nutrient Emissions from Agriculture in Netherlands:Causes and Remedies[J].Water Sci.Technol(G.B.),1996,11(7):33-183.
[4] Martha W G,Wanada B P.A Geographic information system to predict nonpoint source pollution potential[J].Water Resource Bulletin,1987,(2):281-291.
[5]唐莲,白丹.农业活动非点源污染与水环境恶化[J].环境保护,2003,3:18-2.
[6]郝芳华,程红光,杨胜天著.非点源污染模型理论方法与应用[M].中国环境科学出版社,2006.
[7]王晓燕.非点源污染及其管理[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.
[8] Horton.R.E.An approach toward a Physical interpretation of infiltration capacity [J].Soil Science Society of America Proc,1940,(5):399-417.
[9] Green W H,Ampt G.Studies of soil Physics,Part 1,The flow of air and water through soils[J].Agricultural Science,1911,(4):l-24.
[10] Soil Conservation Service.National Engineering Handbook,Section 4 [S].1956: 23-65.
[11]夏青等.计算非点源污染负荷的流域模型[J].中国环境科学,1985,(4):23-30.
[12]李怀恩.水文模型在非点源污染研究中的应用[J].陕西水利,1987,(3):18-23.
[13]陈西平.计算降雨及农田径流污染负荷的三峡库区模型[J].中国环境科学,1992,(l): 48-52.
[14]谢平等.扩散模拟型流域地貌汇流模型[J].地理学报,1997,52(4):316-323.
[15]温灼如,苏逸深等.苏州水网城市暴雨径流污染的研究[J].环境科学,1986,7(6):2-6.
[16]刘曼蓉,曹万金.南京市城北地区径流污染研究[J].水文,1990,(6):15-19.
[17]林芳荣等.北江浈水流域面源污染研究[J].人民珠江,1990,1:35-40.
[18] Wisehmeier W H,Smith D D.Predieting rainfall erosion losses[J].U S Dept of Agriculture,Agricultural Handbook,1978,537:10-34.
[19] Lane L J,Renard K G,Foster G R,et al.Development and application modern soil erosionprediction technology-the USDA experience[J].Soil Resources,1992,30: 893-912.
[20]汪忠善等.应用地理信息系统评价黄土丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀的研究[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(2):54-97.
[21]李玉山等.中美小流域治理和农业的对比研究[J].水土保持通报,1993,13(l):11-15.
[22]杨子生.滇东北山区坡耕地土壤侵蚀的水土保持措施因子[J].山地学报,1999,17:22-24.
[23]阮伏水,朱鹤健.福建省花岗岩地区土壤侵蚀与治理〔M〕.北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[24] Leonard P.G.,Henry M.P.Plerre C,et al.Nonpoint source pollution:Are cropland control the answer [J]. Journal of soil and water conservation,1986,(4):215-218.
[25] Knisel,W.G.CREAMS.A Field Scale Model for Chemicals, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems[R]. US Department of Agricultural Conservation Research Report,1980,26.
[26] Leonard R.A, Knisel W.G. and Still D.A. Groundwater loading effects on agricultural management systems [J].Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1987,30(5):1403-1428.
[27] Beasley D.B,Huggins L.F.and Monke E.J.ANSWERS:A model for watershed planning [J].Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1980,23(4): 938-944.
[28] Young R.A,Onstad C.A,Bosch D.D. and Anderson W. P.AGNPS:A non-point source pollution model for evaluating agricultural watersheds [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1989.44(2):168-173.
[29] Arnold J.G,Williams J.R,Nicks, A.D and Sammons N.B.SWRRB:A Basin Scale Simulation Model for Soil and Water Resources Management[J].College Station: Texas A&M University Press,1990.
[30] Arnold J.G,Williams J.R,Srinivasan R,King K.W and Griggs R. H.SWAT-Soil and Water Assessment Tool-User Manual[M]. Agricultural Research Service, Grassland,Soil and Water Research Lab, US Department of Agriculture,1994.
[31]刘枫等.流域非点源污染的量化识别方法及其在于桥水库流域的应用[J].地理学报,1988,4(43):329-339.
[32] Gassman P.W, Reyes M.R, Green C.H,Arnold J.G.The SWAT:historical development, applications,and future research directions[J].American Society of Agricultural andBiological Engineers,2007,50(4):1211-1250.
[33] Neitsch S.L, Arnold J.G,Kiniry J.R,etc. Soil and Water Assessment Tool Theoretical Documentation Version 2000[M].Temple,Texas:Texas Water Resources Institute,College Station, 2002,19-506.
[34] Neitsch S.L, Amold J G, Kiniry J R, etc.Soil and Water Assessment Tool User’s Manual Version 2000[M].Temple,Texas:Texas Water Resources Institute,College Station,2002,12-472.
[35] DiLuzio M,Srinivasan R,Arnold J G,etc.Arc View Interface for SWAT2000 User’s Guid[M].Temple,Texas:Texas Water Resources Institute,College Station,2002,7-351.
[36] Manguerra H.B,Engel B.A.Hydrologic parameterization of watersheds for runoff prediction using SWAT[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,1998, 34(5):1149-1162.
[37] Weber A.Fohrer N.Moller D.Long-term land use changes in a mesoscale watershed due to socio-econorme factors effects on landscape structures and functions[J] . Ecological Modeling,2001,140:125-140.
[38] Santhi C,Arnold J.G,Williams J.R, et al.Validation of the SWAT model on a large river basin with point and non-point sources[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2001,37(5):1169-1188.
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