单频激光多通放大器和SBS相位共轭镜
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摘要
激光冲击强化是一种新型的材料表面处理技术,与传统的表面强化技术相比,具有非接触、无热影响区和强化效果显著等明显的技术优势,能够大幅度增强金属材料的耐久性,防止表面出现裂纹,从而提高使用寿命和降低维护修理成本。冲击强化激光器通常是由一个振荡器和一个或多个放大器组成。
本论文主要针对振荡器和主放大器之间的预放大器和应用于主放大器的受激布里渊散射(SBS)相位共轭镜进行研究。
预放大器要将毫焦量级的单频激光放大到百毫焦量级,采用四通放大结构。为与主放大器工作物质钕玻璃的峰值增益相匹配,采用Nd:YLF作为预放大器的工作物质。本文对多通放大进行了能流模拟,还对四通放大光路,Nd:YLF晶体和偏振元件的特性进行了分析,设计了单频激光和泵浦电脉冲的时间匹配关系。进行了双通放大实验,得到了40mJ的输出,实现20倍增益。还进行了四通放大的初步实验研究。
应用于主放大器的SBS相位共轭镜要在较高的能量负载条件下实现较高的能力反射率和保真度。采用双池结构,散射介质为高击穿阈值的FC-72液体。建立一维瞬态SBS理论模型,通过时间上的差分和空间上的差商实现离散化处理。对SBS过程进行了数值模拟,讨论了Stokes光和泵浦光的能量配比、注入强度、注入时间差以及放大池长对输出波形和能量反射率的影响,为大能量短脉冲激光系统中的双池SBS相位共轭镜的实验分析和结构设计提供了理论依据。
Laser Shock is a new surface treatment technology. Comparing with traditional surface treatment technique, Laser Shock has many obvious technical advantages such as non-contact, no heat affected zone and a significant strengthening effect, can greatly enhance the durability of metallic materials and prevent surface cracks, thereby enhancing the service life and lower maintenance repair costs. Shock processing laser is formed by an oscillator and one or more amplifiers.
The research focuses on pre-amplifier which between the oscillator and main amplifier, and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) phase conjugation mirror of main amplifier.
The magnitude of the single frequency laser will be amplified from mJ to 100mJ by the pre-amplifier. Using Nd:YLF as work material of pre-amplifier in order to match the gain peak of Nd:glass used in main amplifier. The energy flow of multi-pass amplification has been simulated, the optical path of four-pass amplifier,the characters of Nd:YLF crystal and Polarization components have been analyzed. The synchronization of single frequency seed laser and electrical pump pulses. In the double-pass amplification experiment, the output energy is 40mJ, with a gain of 20. There is also some preliminary work of four-pass amplification.
The SBS phase conjugate mirror applied in the main amplifier needs to achieve high reflectivity and fidelity in a high energy load conditions. Dual-cell structure and high breakdown threshold scattering medium FC-72 liquid are selected. SBS process was simulated numerically based on a one-dimensional transient model. Use an implicit finite differencing in time and a down-winding or backward differencing scheme in space. Under different parameters in amplified cell, theoretical simulate the impact of output energy and Waveform. Providing reference for structural design and experiment of dual-cell SBS phase conjugation mirror in laser system with lager energy and shot pulse.
本论文主要针对振荡器和主放大器之间的预放大器和应用于主放大器的受激布里渊散射(SBS)相位共轭镜进行研究。
预放大器要将毫焦量级的单频激光放大到百毫焦量级,采用四通放大结构。为与主放大器工作物质钕玻璃的峰值增益相匹配,采用Nd:YLF作为预放大器的工作物质。本文对多通放大进行了能流模拟,还对四通放大光路,Nd:YLF晶体和偏振元件的特性进行了分析,设计了单频激光和泵浦电脉冲的时间匹配关系。进行了双通放大实验,得到了40mJ的输出,实现20倍增益。还进行了四通放大的初步实验研究。
应用于主放大器的SBS相位共轭镜要在较高的能量负载条件下实现较高的能力反射率和保真度。采用双池结构,散射介质为高击穿阈值的FC-72液体。建立一维瞬态SBS理论模型,通过时间上的差分和空间上的差商实现离散化处理。对SBS过程进行了数值模拟,讨论了Stokes光和泵浦光的能量配比、注入强度、注入时间差以及放大池长对输出波形和能量反射率的影响,为大能量短脉冲激光系统中的双池SBS相位共轭镜的实验分析和结构设计提供了理论依据。
Laser Shock is a new surface treatment technology. Comparing with traditional surface treatment technique, Laser Shock has many obvious technical advantages such as non-contact, no heat affected zone and a significant strengthening effect, can greatly enhance the durability of metallic materials and prevent surface cracks, thereby enhancing the service life and lower maintenance repair costs. Shock processing laser is formed by an oscillator and one or more amplifiers.
The research focuses on pre-amplifier which between the oscillator and main amplifier, and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) phase conjugation mirror of main amplifier.
The magnitude of the single frequency laser will be amplified from mJ to 100mJ by the pre-amplifier. Using Nd:YLF as work material of pre-amplifier in order to match the gain peak of Nd:glass used in main amplifier. The energy flow of multi-pass amplification has been simulated, the optical path of four-pass amplifier,the characters of Nd:YLF crystal and Polarization components have been analyzed. The synchronization of single frequency seed laser and electrical pump pulses. In the double-pass amplification experiment, the output energy is 40mJ, with a gain of 20. There is also some preliminary work of four-pass amplification.
The SBS phase conjugate mirror applied in the main amplifier needs to achieve high reflectivity and fidelity in a high energy load conditions. Dual-cell structure and high breakdown threshold scattering medium FC-72 liquid are selected. SBS process was simulated numerically based on a one-dimensional transient model. Use an implicit finite differencing in time and a down-winding or backward differencing scheme in space. Under different parameters in amplified cell, theoretical simulate the impact of output energy and Waveform. Providing reference for structural design and experiment of dual-cell SBS phase conjugation mirror in laser system with lager energy and shot pulse.
引文
1肖爱民,杨继昌,张永康.激光冲击强化原理及应用概述.电加工与模具. 2000, (6): 7~9
2 P Peyre, R Fabbro, L Berthe, et al. Laser Shock Processing of Materials Physical Processes Involved and Examples of Applications. Journal of Laser Application. 1996, 16(8):135~141.
3 R Fabbro, P Peyre, L Berthe, et al. Physics and Application of Laser-shock Processing. Journal of Laser Application, 1998, 10(5):265~279.
4 C. Brent Dane, Lloyd A. Hackel, James Daly, et al. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2000, 15(1):81~96.
5 Martin, W. S. and J. P. Chernoch, US Patent 1972, No.3,633,126,
6 Ryo YASUHARA, Takashi SEKINE, Takashi KURITA, et al. High Pulse Energy, Rep. Rated Nd:glass Laser with Wave front Correction. The Review of Laser Engineering, 2008, Supplemental Volume: 1059~1061
7高建民.我国首台激光冲击强化装置问世.高技术通讯, 1996
8李伟,李应红,何卫,等.激光冲击强化技术的发展和应用.激光与光电子学进展, 2008, 15(12):15~19
9 A.J.Harmer, A.Linz, D.R.Gabbe. Fluorescence of Nd3+ in lithium yttrium fluoride. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 1969,30(6): 1483~1491
10邵怀宗,张振亚,陈广民,等. Nd:YLF激光晶体生长研究,激光与红外,1994,24(6): 38~41
11 Pollak T.M, Wing W.F, Grasso R.J, et al. CW operation of Nd:YLF, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1982, QE-18:159~162
12 R.Beach, P.Reichert, W.Benett, et al. Scalable diode-end-pumping technology applied to a
100mJ Q-switched Nd3+:YLF laser oscillator, Optics Letters. 1993, 18(16): 1326~1328
13胡文涛,周复正,陈有明,等.激光二极管阵列侧面泵浦Nd:YLF激光器,光学学报, 1995,15(8):983~986
14韦辉,张生佳,许世忠,等. LDA抽运Nd:YLF再生放大器的实验研究.中国激光.2003, 30(8):677~680
15张申金,冯国英,李明中,等.高功率LDA紧密侧面抽运Nd:YLF两级双程离轴放大系统实验研究,强激光与粒子束. 2004,16(9):1148~1152
16 Hengli Zhang, Keming Du, Daijun et al. Diode-end-pumped electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YLF slab laser. Applied Optics. 2004,43(14):2940~2943
17王之桐,陈三斌.激光二极管侧抽运Nd:YLF多程放大实验研究.中国激光. 2005. 32 (5) :590~592
18 Muhammad Saeed, Dalwoo Kim, Louis F. DiMauro. Optimization and characterization of a high repetition rate, high intensity Nd:YLF regenerative amplifier. Applied Optics, 1990, 29(12):1752~1757
19王春,陈绍和,马忠林等.激光二极管列阵抽运的单纵模激光脉冲再生放大器.光学学报. 2001, 21(7):820~823
20 Henry Plaessmann, Sean A. Rd, Joseph J. Alonis, et al. Multipass diode-pumped solid-state optical amplifier. Optics Letters. 1993, 18(17):1420~1422
21 PEPPER D M. Introduction to the special issue on nonlinear optical phase conjugation. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1989, 25(3): 312.
22 B.Ya.Zel’dovich, V.I.Popovichev, V.V.Ragul’skii, et al. Connection between the wavefronts of the reflected and exciting light in Stimulated Mandel’shtam-Brillouin Scattering. JETP Lett.1972,15:109~113
23范滇元,贺贤士.惯性约束能源与激光驱动器.大自然探索.1999,18(Sum 67):31~35
24 V.S.Sirazetdinov, V.N.Alekseev, A.V.Charukhchev, et al. Development of kJ channel for Nd:glass laser systems with 70ns’pulse SBS compressor. Proc.SPIE.1999,3492:1002~1008
25 S.Jackel, I.Moshe, R.Lavi,and R.Lallouz. Brillouin scatter and Faraday effect isolators/nonreciprocal rotators for high fluence multiple-passamplifiers. Proc. SPIE. 1998, 3684:80~93
26 K.Viliam, Y.Hidetsugu, F.Hisanori ,et al. Very high energy SBS phase conjugation and pulse compression in fluorocarbon liquids. Proc. SPIE. 2000,3889: 818~826
27 C. B. Dane, L. E. Zapata, W. A. Neuman,et al. Design and operation of a 150 W near diffraction-limited laser amplifier with SBS wavefront correction.1995. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.31(1):148~162
28 D.T.Hon. Pulse compression by stimulated brillouin scattering. Optics Letter, 1980, 5(12): 516~518
29 V.Babin, A.Mocofanescu, V.I.Vlad, et al. Analytical Treatment of laser-pulse compression in stimulated Brillouin scattering. Journal of the Optical Society of .America .B. 1999, 16(1): 155~163
30 C.B.Dane, W.A.Neuman, L.A.Hackel. High Energy SBS Pulse Compression. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.1994,30(8):1907~1915
31 S.Schiemann, W.Ubachs, W.Hogervorst. Efficient temporal compression of coherent nanosecond pulses in a compact SBS generator amplifier setup. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 1997,33(3):358~366
32 R. Buzelis, Alexander S.Dement’ev, E. Kosenko, et al. Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of beam quality of SBS-compressor with multipass Nd:YAG amplifier.Proc.SPIE.1996,2772:158~169
33 R. Fedosejevs, A.A.Offenberger, Subnanosecond pulses from a KrF Laser pumped SF6 Brillouin amplifier. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.1985, QE -21(10): 1558~1562
34 Y.Nizienko, A.Mamin, P.Nielsen, et al. 300ps ruby laser using stimulated Brillouin scattering pulse compression. Review of Scientific.Instruments.1994,65(8):2460~2463
35张祎.高能激光抽运的受激布里渊散射相位共轭镜特性研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006
36吕志伟.抽运功率密度对布里渊放大的影响.物理学报.2002,51(6),1286~1290
37哈斯乌力吉.受激布里渊散射光脉冲波形的研究.物理学报.2007,56(2),878~882
38哈斯乌力吉.选用新介质的双池受激布里渊散射系统的研究.物理学报, 2007, 56(3): 1385~1389
39哈斯乌力吉.介质参数对受激布里渊散射特性的影响强激光与粒子束,2005.17(1):51~54
40哈斯乌力吉.利用不同介质进行布里渊放大的研究,物理学报,54(2):742~748
41王振明.在一系列测试中YLF优于YAG.四川激光杂志. 1983 .4(1):53~54
42潘淑娣. Nd:YLF晶体特性及全固态激光器研究.山东师范大学博士学位论文. 2007:16~21
43 W.Koechner.固体激光工程.孙文等译.科学出版社, 2002
44 W.H. Lowdermilk, J.E. Murrey. The multipass amplifier: Theory and numerical analysis.Journal of .Applied Physics,1980,51(5):2436~2444
45 L.M Frantz, J.S. Nodvik. Theory of pulse propagation in a laser amplifier. Journal of .Applied Physics, 1963, 34:2346
46 Ian N.Ross, Marta Csatari, Steve Hutchins. High-performance diode-pumped Nd:YLF amplifier. Applied Optics, 2003, 42(6):1040~1047
47 E.D.Black, An introduction to Pound-Drever-Hall laser frequency stabilization, American Journal of .Physics. 2001,69:79~87
48惠勇凌.基于组合体布拉格光栅选单纵模的技术研究.北京工业大学硕士学位论文.2009
49钱士雄,王恭明.非线性光学原理与进展.复旦大学出版社. 2001.156~178
50石顺祥,陈国夫,赵卫等.非线性光学.西安电子科技大学出版社.2003. 215~225
51 Raijun Chu, Morton Kanefsky, and Joel Falk. Numerical study of transient stimulated Brillouin scattering. Journal of .Applied Physics, 71(10):4653~4658
52王雨雷.百焦耳激光器及高功率受激布里渊散射相位共轭研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文2007:24~30
2 P Peyre, R Fabbro, L Berthe, et al. Laser Shock Processing of Materials Physical Processes Involved and Examples of Applications. Journal of Laser Application. 1996, 16(8):135~141.
3 R Fabbro, P Peyre, L Berthe, et al. Physics and Application of Laser-shock Processing. Journal of Laser Application, 1998, 10(5):265~279.
4 C. Brent Dane, Lloyd A. Hackel, James Daly, et al. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2000, 15(1):81~96.
5 Martin, W. S. and J. P. Chernoch, US Patent 1972, No.3,633,126,
6 Ryo YASUHARA, Takashi SEKINE, Takashi KURITA, et al. High Pulse Energy, Rep. Rated Nd:glass Laser with Wave front Correction. The Review of Laser Engineering, 2008, Supplemental Volume: 1059~1061
7高建民.我国首台激光冲击强化装置问世.高技术通讯, 1996
8李伟,李应红,何卫,等.激光冲击强化技术的发展和应用.激光与光电子学进展, 2008, 15(12):15~19
9 A.J.Harmer, A.Linz, D.R.Gabbe. Fluorescence of Nd3+ in lithium yttrium fluoride. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 1969,30(6): 1483~1491
10邵怀宗,张振亚,陈广民,等. Nd:YLF激光晶体生长研究,激光与红外,1994,24(6): 38~41
11 Pollak T.M, Wing W.F, Grasso R.J, et al. CW operation of Nd:YLF, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1982, QE-18:159~162
12 R.Beach, P.Reichert, W.Benett, et al. Scalable diode-end-pumping technology applied to a
100mJ Q-switched Nd3+:YLF laser oscillator, Optics Letters. 1993, 18(16): 1326~1328
13胡文涛,周复正,陈有明,等.激光二极管阵列侧面泵浦Nd:YLF激光器,光学学报, 1995,15(8):983~986
14韦辉,张生佳,许世忠,等. LDA抽运Nd:YLF再生放大器的实验研究.中国激光.2003, 30(8):677~680
15张申金,冯国英,李明中,等.高功率LDA紧密侧面抽运Nd:YLF两级双程离轴放大系统实验研究,强激光与粒子束. 2004,16(9):1148~1152
16 Hengli Zhang, Keming Du, Daijun et al. Diode-end-pumped electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YLF slab laser. Applied Optics. 2004,43(14):2940~2943
17王之桐,陈三斌.激光二极管侧抽运Nd:YLF多程放大实验研究.中国激光. 2005. 32 (5) :590~592
18 Muhammad Saeed, Dalwoo Kim, Louis F. DiMauro. Optimization and characterization of a high repetition rate, high intensity Nd:YLF regenerative amplifier. Applied Optics, 1990, 29(12):1752~1757
19王春,陈绍和,马忠林等.激光二极管列阵抽运的单纵模激光脉冲再生放大器.光学学报. 2001, 21(7):820~823
20 Henry Plaessmann, Sean A. Rd, Joseph J. Alonis, et al. Multipass diode-pumped solid-state optical amplifier. Optics Letters. 1993, 18(17):1420~1422
21 PEPPER D M. Introduction to the special issue on nonlinear optical phase conjugation. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 1989, 25(3): 312.
22 B.Ya.Zel’dovich, V.I.Popovichev, V.V.Ragul’skii, et al. Connection between the wavefronts of the reflected and exciting light in Stimulated Mandel’shtam-Brillouin Scattering. JETP Lett.1972,15:109~113
23范滇元,贺贤士.惯性约束能源与激光驱动器.大自然探索.1999,18(Sum 67):31~35
24 V.S.Sirazetdinov, V.N.Alekseev, A.V.Charukhchev, et al. Development of kJ channel for Nd:glass laser systems with 70ns’pulse SBS compressor. Proc.SPIE.1999,3492:1002~1008
25 S.Jackel, I.Moshe, R.Lavi,and R.Lallouz. Brillouin scatter and Faraday effect isolators/nonreciprocal rotators for high fluence multiple-passamplifiers. Proc. SPIE. 1998, 3684:80~93
26 K.Viliam, Y.Hidetsugu, F.Hisanori ,et al. Very high energy SBS phase conjugation and pulse compression in fluorocarbon liquids. Proc. SPIE. 2000,3889: 818~826
27 C. B. Dane, L. E. Zapata, W. A. Neuman,et al. Design and operation of a 150 W near diffraction-limited laser amplifier with SBS wavefront correction.1995. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.31(1):148~162
28 D.T.Hon. Pulse compression by stimulated brillouin scattering. Optics Letter, 1980, 5(12): 516~518
29 V.Babin, A.Mocofanescu, V.I.Vlad, et al. Analytical Treatment of laser-pulse compression in stimulated Brillouin scattering. Journal of the Optical Society of .America .B. 1999, 16(1): 155~163
30 C.B.Dane, W.A.Neuman, L.A.Hackel. High Energy SBS Pulse Compression. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.1994,30(8):1907~1915
31 S.Schiemann, W.Ubachs, W.Hogervorst. Efficient temporal compression of coherent nanosecond pulses in a compact SBS generator amplifier setup. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 1997,33(3):358~366
32 R. Buzelis, Alexander S.Dement’ev, E. Kosenko, et al. Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of beam quality of SBS-compressor with multipass Nd:YAG amplifier.Proc.SPIE.1996,2772:158~169
33 R. Fedosejevs, A.A.Offenberger, Subnanosecond pulses from a KrF Laser pumped SF6 Brillouin amplifier. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.1985, QE -21(10): 1558~1562
34 Y.Nizienko, A.Mamin, P.Nielsen, et al. 300ps ruby laser using stimulated Brillouin scattering pulse compression. Review of Scientific.Instruments.1994,65(8):2460~2463
35张祎.高能激光抽运的受激布里渊散射相位共轭镜特性研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006
36吕志伟.抽运功率密度对布里渊放大的影响.物理学报.2002,51(6),1286~1290
37哈斯乌力吉.受激布里渊散射光脉冲波形的研究.物理学报.2007,56(2),878~882
38哈斯乌力吉.选用新介质的双池受激布里渊散射系统的研究.物理学报, 2007, 56(3): 1385~1389
39哈斯乌力吉.介质参数对受激布里渊散射特性的影响强激光与粒子束,2005.17(1):51~54
40哈斯乌力吉.利用不同介质进行布里渊放大的研究,物理学报,54(2):742~748
41王振明.在一系列测试中YLF优于YAG.四川激光杂志. 1983 .4(1):53~54
42潘淑娣. Nd:YLF晶体特性及全固态激光器研究.山东师范大学博士学位论文. 2007:16~21
43 W.Koechner.固体激光工程.孙文等译.科学出版社, 2002
44 W.H. Lowdermilk, J.E. Murrey. The multipass amplifier: Theory and numerical analysis.Journal of .Applied Physics,1980,51(5):2436~2444
45 L.M Frantz, J.S. Nodvik. Theory of pulse propagation in a laser amplifier. Journal of .Applied Physics, 1963, 34:2346
46 Ian N.Ross, Marta Csatari, Steve Hutchins. High-performance diode-pumped Nd:YLF amplifier. Applied Optics, 2003, 42(6):1040~1047
47 E.D.Black, An introduction to Pound-Drever-Hall laser frequency stabilization, American Journal of .Physics. 2001,69:79~87
48惠勇凌.基于组合体布拉格光栅选单纵模的技术研究.北京工业大学硕士学位论文.2009
49钱士雄,王恭明.非线性光学原理与进展.复旦大学出版社. 2001.156~178
50石顺祥,陈国夫,赵卫等.非线性光学.西安电子科技大学出版社.2003. 215~225
51 Raijun Chu, Morton Kanefsky, and Joel Falk. Numerical study of transient stimulated Brillouin scattering. Journal of .Applied Physics, 71(10):4653~4658
52王雨雷.百焦耳激光器及高功率受激布里渊散射相位共轭研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文2007:24~30