高应力软岩巷道锚壳喷支护机理研究
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摘要
我国煤系地层中具有软岩的矿井分布十分广泛,在高应力的作用下,这些矿区巷道的开掘和维护都十分困难。对高应力软岩巷道支护机理的研究,能够促进软岩巷道围岩控制技术的发展,适应我国新时期煤矿建设和安全生产的需要,对指导软岩巷道工程具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。
本文在分析大量的工程实测资料和现场调查的基础上,应用FLAC3D程序进行了大量数值计算分析和相似材料模拟试验,重点以峰峰集团有限公司九龙煤矿巷道整修支护为工程实例,根据实际的围岩性质确定锚壳喷支护结构的设计参数。对高应力破碎软岩巷道变形破坏机理和锚壳喷支护的适应性进行了探讨。总结出了高应力破碎软岩巷道变形破坏特征,围岩变形的影响因素。
本课题的研究针对软岩巷道存在的问题,结合实际应用,设计了锚壳喷新型支护结构,并提出了与围岩相互作用机理,认为围岩与锚壳喷支护体系作为统一体,锚体系统与深部围岩形成深部围岩控制系统,壳体系统与浅部围岩形成浅部围岩控制系统,通过锚杆将深、浅部围岩共同作用,喷体系统对围岩起到三维约束作用,同时加固壳体系统,通过锚体系统的柔性及壳体系统的可伸缩性适应软岩巷道大变形。
With the soft rock strata in China coal mine widely distributed, in the role of high stress, these mine roadways are very difficult to develop and maintain. The mechanism research on roadway support for high-stress of soft rock promoted the development of soft rock tunnel control technology, adjusted the need of development of China's coal mine construction and safety; and it had the theoretical and practical value guidance on soft rock engineering projects importantly.
Based on the analysis of a large number of projects and site investigations data, made numerical analysis and similar material simulations with FLAC3D procedures, focused on Fengfeng Group Ltd Jiulong mine roadway repairing support as an example, and determined the design parameters of shotcreting shell structure accordingly to the actual nature of the rock bolting; discussed the deformation and destroy mechanism of the soft rock roadway under high stress conditions and the adaptability of a anchor shell supporting; summed up deformation and destroy characteristics of a high stress on broken soft rock and the factors of rock deformation.
The research designed a new support structure of the anchor shell which aiming at the problem of soft rock roadway and combining the practical application, and proved interaction mechanism with the rock which thought that rock bolting and shotcreting support system as a shell entity, anchor system and the deep rock formatted deep rock control system, shell system and the shallow rock formatted shallow rock control system, through the bolt to acted the deep and shallow rock together, jet systems played 3D control role on rock, and also reinforced shell system , through the flexibility of anchor system and scalability of shell system to adapted to the large deformation of the soft rock roadway.
本文在分析大量的工程实测资料和现场调查的基础上,应用FLAC3D程序进行了大量数值计算分析和相似材料模拟试验,重点以峰峰集团有限公司九龙煤矿巷道整修支护为工程实例,根据实际的围岩性质确定锚壳喷支护结构的设计参数。对高应力破碎软岩巷道变形破坏机理和锚壳喷支护的适应性进行了探讨。总结出了高应力破碎软岩巷道变形破坏特征,围岩变形的影响因素。
本课题的研究针对软岩巷道存在的问题,结合实际应用,设计了锚壳喷新型支护结构,并提出了与围岩相互作用机理,认为围岩与锚壳喷支护体系作为统一体,锚体系统与深部围岩形成深部围岩控制系统,壳体系统与浅部围岩形成浅部围岩控制系统,通过锚杆将深、浅部围岩共同作用,喷体系统对围岩起到三维约束作用,同时加固壳体系统,通过锚体系统的柔性及壳体系统的可伸缩性适应软岩巷道大变形。
With the soft rock strata in China coal mine widely distributed, in the role of high stress, these mine roadways are very difficult to develop and maintain. The mechanism research on roadway support for high-stress of soft rock promoted the development of soft rock tunnel control technology, adjusted the need of development of China's coal mine construction and safety; and it had the theoretical and practical value guidance on soft rock engineering projects importantly.
Based on the analysis of a large number of projects and site investigations data, made numerical analysis and similar material simulations with FLAC3D procedures, focused on Fengfeng Group Ltd Jiulong mine roadway repairing support as an example, and determined the design parameters of shotcreting shell structure accordingly to the actual nature of the rock bolting; discussed the deformation and destroy mechanism of the soft rock roadway under high stress conditions and the adaptability of a anchor shell supporting; summed up deformation and destroy characteristics of a high stress on broken soft rock and the factors of rock deformation.
The research designed a new support structure of the anchor shell which aiming at the problem of soft rock roadway and combining the practical application, and proved interaction mechanism with the rock which thought that rock bolting and shotcreting support system as a shell entity, anchor system and the deep rock formatted deep rock control system, shell system and the shallow rock formatted shallow rock control system, through the bolt to acted the deep and shallow rock together, jet systems played 3D control role on rock, and also reinforced shell system , through the flexibility of anchor system and scalability of shell system to adapted to the large deformation of the soft rock roadway.
引文
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[2] 何满潮.中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1996.2~8
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[4] 何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.1~6
[5] 谢文兵,陆士良等.支护-围岩接触关系与软岩硐室失稳破坏研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999.5:445~448
[6] 何满潮等.软岩工程地质力学研究进展[J].工程地质学报,2000 (1):56~62
[7] 郑颖人,沈珠江,龚晓南.岩土塑性力学原理[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[8] 姚裕春.高水平应力软岩巷道围岩变形机理及支护对策[D].西安:西安科技学院,2002. 1~10
[9] 冯豫.新奥法与中国煤矿软岩巷道支护[M].中国矿业大学出版社,1996.6~11
[10] 韩瑞庚.地下工程新奥法[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.28~34
[11] 宋德彰.锚喷支护改善隧洞围岩岩性力学机制德研究[D].上海同济大学,1996.19~23
[12] 李全根,宋广太等.钢筋网壳锚喷支护结构的设计与应用[J].煤炭工程,2001(7):17~19
[13] 蔡美峰,吴文德,赵国堂.数值方法与人工智能在岩土工程中的应用[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1994.34~52
[14] 潘昌实,张弥.地下工程数值分析[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1994.26~44
[15] 谢康和,周健.岩土工程有限元分析理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.57~74
[16] 何满潮.软岩工程概论[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1993.1~6
[17] 王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997 年
[18] 冯豫.我国软岩巷道支护研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1990 (2):1~5
[19] 陆家梁.软岩巷道支护原则及支护方法[J].软岩工程,1990 (3):20~24
[20] 郑雨天.关于软岩巷道地压与支护的基本观点.软岩巷道掘进与支护论文集,1985(5):31~35
[21] 朱效嘉.锚杆支护理论进展[J].光爆锚喷,1996(3):1~4
[22] 于学馥等.岩石力学新概念与开挖结构优化设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.100~148
[23] 于学馥等.轴变论和围岩稳定轴比三规律[J].有色金属.1981(8):17~20
[24] 李悼芬,王可钧.高水平应力对岩石工程的影响岩[J].石力学与工程学报,1996(3):26~31
[25] 程桦,孙钧.软弱围岩复合式隧道衬砌力学机理非线性大变形数值分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997(4):327~336
[26] 董方庭.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):1~4
[27] 董方庭等.松动圈软岩锚喷支护理论和技术[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1996.58~113
[28] 王洪涛.深部巷道围岩破坏机理分析与防治技术[J].山东煤炭科技,2004(1):4~5
[29] 刘高,聂德新,韩文峰.高应力软岩巷道围岩变形破坏研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000.19(6):726~730
[30] 袁宝恒.网壳锚喷支护结构的有限元分析[D].西安:西北工业大学,2005. 1~4
[31] 王红伟.新奥法理论分析及工程应用研究[D].天津:天津大学,2004.20~24
[32] 王永岩.软岩巷道变形与压力分析控制及预测[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2001. 1~27
[33] 兰利敏译,新奥法施工中的喷射混凝土与支护[J].隧道译丛,1994(4):16~20
[34] 韩强,黄小清,宁建国.高等板壳理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.75~87
[35] 雷金波,姜弘道,郭兰波.钢筋网壳喷层结构内力的简化计算[J].建井技术 2004,25(4)27~32
[36] 庞建勇,刘松玉,郭兰波.软岩巷道新型网壳锚喷支架静力分析及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,2003(5):602~605
[37] J. Golser.新奥法,地下工程[J].1984(10):35~48
[38] 董方庭,姚玉皇等.井巷设计与施工[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1994.40~54
[39] 赛云秀.现代矿山井巷施工技术[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2000.30~39
[40] 徐干成,白洪才,郑颖人.地下工程支护结构[M].中国水利水电出版社,2002.219~228
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