论句法特征在中国现代散文英译中的文体意义
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摘要
中国现代散文英译及其相关研究在近几年蓬勃发展。然而,散文不拘一格的形式与内容,却使得相关研究难以形成系统的理论与方法,同时也留下了诸多仍待探讨的问题。本文试图借助文体学的分析模式,以朱自清散文为例,探讨句法特征在中国现代散文英译中的文体意义。基于中国现代散文中句子类型的多样性,本文根据Lanham对于散文两大基本风格的界定,将中国现代散文中的句子分为两大类:散句与整句。并根据这两大类句子的特征,分析散句中的节奏与信息凸显、整句中的韵律与排比修辞。通过对原文及不同版本译文细致的文体分析,得出中国现代散文的句子特征具有其独特的文体意义,但这些文体意义在译文中的保留并非指译文对原文形式亦步亦趋。相反,对于结构松散随意的散句,译者只有透过原文的句法特征理解作者的思维风格,并将其在译文中表现出来,才能够取得更好的翻译效果;对于结构严谨精心安排的整句,译者则不仅要表现原作的思维风格,还要发挥创造性,尽可能将其具有文体意义的结构保留。
These years have witnessed a rapid development in prose translation as well as relevant studies.However,due to the elusive multiplicity of forms and themes in prose,systematical theory and approach have not yet developed and various aspects in this field are still left for exploration.With the guidance of literary stylistics,this paper attempts to investigate the stylistic significance of syntactic features in modern Chinese prose translation.In the study,Zhu Ziqing's prose is selected as the case for analysis.
Since it is rather difficult to categorize syntax in modern Chinese prose according to English grammar rules,based on the definition of Lanham,sentence types in this paper are generally divided into two categories,the periodic style and the running style.Under these two broad types,a more detailed analysis has been carried out to investigate its stylistic significance,namely,pace and prominence in running style sentences;rhythm and parallelism and figure of speech in periodic style sentences. After a comparison between the source text and different English versions, conclusions can be drawn that for better rendering of syntactic style in modern Chinese prose,it is by no means necessary to follow closely to the original syntax. Rather,it is the mind style under the syntactic features that helps to generate better translation,especially in transferring running style sentences whose surface construction is always loose and plain.When it comes to periodic style sentences,the case is more complicated for its form is intentionally created and contributes to the whole meaning;hence in rendering periodic style sentences,both mind style and the original forms need to be taken into consideration.
As a tentative study in exploring stylistic significance of syntactic features in modern Chinese prose translation,this paper aims to provide a new perspective and be of certain value for future research on developing a more comprehensive approach for prose translation.
These years have witnessed a rapid development in prose translation as well as relevant studies.However,due to the elusive multiplicity of forms and themes in prose,systematical theory and approach have not yet developed and various aspects in this field are still left for exploration.With the guidance of literary stylistics,this paper attempts to investigate the stylistic significance of syntactic features in modern Chinese prose translation.In the study,Zhu Ziqing's prose is selected as the case for analysis.
Since it is rather difficult to categorize syntax in modern Chinese prose according to English grammar rules,based on the definition of Lanham,sentence types in this paper are generally divided into two categories,the periodic style and the running style.Under these two broad types,a more detailed analysis has been carried out to investigate its stylistic significance,namely,pace and prominence in running style sentences;rhythm and parallelism and figure of speech in periodic style sentences. After a comparison between the source text and different English versions, conclusions can be drawn that for better rendering of syntactic style in modern Chinese prose,it is by no means necessary to follow closely to the original syntax. Rather,it is the mind style under the syntactic features that helps to generate better translation,especially in transferring running style sentences whose surface construction is always loose and plain.When it comes to periodic style sentences,the case is more complicated for its form is intentionally created and contributes to the whole meaning;hence in rendering periodic style sentences,both mind style and the original forms need to be taken into consideration.
As a tentative study in exploring stylistic significance of syntactic features in modern Chinese prose translation,this paper aims to provide a new perspective and be of certain value for future research on developing a more comprehensive approach for prose translation.
引文
Burton, Raffel. (1994). The Art of Translating Prose. Pennsylvania:The Pennylvania State University.
David, E.Pollard. (1999). The Chinese Essay. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Du, Hua. (2003). Zhu Ziqing de Bei Ying yu yingyiwen de wenti yuyan bijiao (Comparative study of the language and stylistic features in Chinese and English versions of "The Sight of Father's Back"). Sichuan Waiyu Xueyuan Xuebao (Journal of Sichuan International Studies University), Vol. 19 No.2, 140-143.
Fu, Demin. (2006). Sanwen yishu lun (The Arts of Prose). Chongqing: Chongqing Chubanshe (Chongqing Press).
Gan, Wenping. (2002). Cong yingyi He Tang Yue Se kan yizhe de fanyi meixue sixiang (On the translators' aesthetic thoughts in translating He Tang Yue Se into English). Wuhan Ligong Daxue Xuebao (Wuhan University of Technology), Vol 15 No.5, 520-523.
Geoffrey, N. Leech, & Michael, H. Short. (2001). Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Gou, Miao. (2008). An Aesthetic Approach to the English Versions of He Tang Yue Se. Retrieved January 6, 2009, from CNKI Web site:http://ckrd.cnki.net/grid20/Getinfobydoi.aspx?doi=CNKI:CDMD:2.2008.093782.
Jiang, Yinnan, & Yan, Dichang. (1988). Zhu Ziqing Sanwen de Yuyan Yishu (The Language Arts of Zhu Ziqing's Prose). Fujian: Fujian Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Fujian Educational Press).
Jean, Boase-Beier. (2006). Stylistic Approaches to Translation. Manchest: St. Jerome Publishing.
Jean, Boase-Beier. (2003). Mind Style Translated. Style, Fall 2003; 37,3, 253-265.
Laura,Wright,& Jonathan,Hop.(2000).Stylistics:A Practical Coursebook.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Li,Ming.(2006).Fanyi Piping Yu Shangxi(Translation Appreciation and Criticism).Wuhan:Wuhan Daxue Chubanshe(Wuhan University Press).
Li,Ping.(2005).Zhu Chunshen yi He Tang Yue Se bufen duanluo shangxi(On translated version of Moonlight Over the Lotus Pond).Chengdu Jiaoyu Xueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Chengdu College of Education),Vol 119 No.12,40-42.
Liu,Shicong.(2006).Yinghan · Hanying Meiwen Fanyi Yu Jianshang(Translation and Apprecitation of English & Chinese Prose).Nanjing:Yilin Chubanshe (Yiling Press).
Liu,Rurong,& Yang,Wei.(2006).Yinghanyu zhushuwei duibi yu fanyi-- yi He Tang Yue Se weili(Comparison of theme,rheme and translation -- taking Moonlight on the Lotus Pond as an example).Jishou Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Jishou University),Vol 27 No.6,157-160.
Lv,Gui.(2008).Zhuwei tuijin zai hanying fanyi shijian zhong de zuoyong-- yi Zhu Ziqing Cong Cong de liangge yingyiben weili(The contribution of thematic progression to Chinese-English translation).Hubei Dier Shifan Xueyuan Xuebao (Journal of Hubei University of Education),Vol 25 No.3,126-128.
M.A.K.,Halliday.(1969).Linguistic Function and Literary Style:An Inquiry Into the language of William Golding's The Inheritors.In Shen,Dan(Ed.),Recent Development in Western Stylistics(pp.215-255).Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Mao,Cui,& Qiu,Tianhe.(2007).WordSmith zai fanyi piping zhong de yingyong (The application of WordSmith in translation critisism).Keji Xinxi(Science&Technology Information),Vol 34,14-16.
Qian,Yuan.(2006).Stylistics:A Coursebook for Chinese EFL Students.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Richard,A.Lanham.(2003).Analyzing Prose.Beijing:Peking University Press.
Shen,Dan.(1995).Literary Stylistics and Fictional Translation,Beijing:Peking University Press.
Shen, Xiaolong. (1988). Zhongguo Juxing Wenhua ( Chinese Syntactic Culture). Changchun: Dongbei Shifan Daxue Chubanshe (Northeast Normal University Press).
Susan, Bassnett. (2004). Translation Studies. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Su, Yanfeng, & Zou, Haiqi. (2008). Zhuwei tuijin yu hanyiying wenben de xianjie he lianguan——Bei Ying yingyiben de yanjiu (Thematic progression and cohesion and coherence in Chinese-English translation——A study on the English version of Bei Ying). Zhongguo Kejiao Chuangxin Daokan (China Education Innovation Herald), 2008 No.8, 123.
Tracy, Chevalier. (1997). Encyclopedia of the Essay. London and Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
Yuan, Xi. (2007). Yinghanyu zhu、 shuwei duibi yu fanyi——dui He Tang Yue Se de fenxi (Comparison of theme, rheme and translation——Analysis to Moonlight on the Lotus Pond). Keji Xinxi (Science& Technology Information), Vo1 27, 159,181.
Zhang, Peiji. (1999). Yingyi Zhongguo Xiandai Sanwenxuan (Selected Modern Chinese Prose Writings). Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Zhang, Peiji. (2003). Yingyi Zhongguo Xiandai Sanwenxuan Dierji (Selected Modem Chinese Prose Writings Vol.2). Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Zhang, Peiji. (2007). Yingyi Zhongguo Xiandai Sanwenxuan San (Selected Modern Chinese Essays 3). Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Zhou, Shuyun. (2007). Thematic Progression: A Means of Achieving Textual Cohesion and Coherence in Chinese- English Translation——A Comparison of Three English Versions of Moonlight over the Lotus Pond. Retrieved November 28, 2008, from CNKI Web site:http://ckrd.cnki.net/grid20/detail.aspx?QueryID=110&CurRec=l
Zhou, Shuyun, & Zha, Ling. (2007). Zhuwei tuijin yu hanyiying wenben de xianjie he lianguan_He Tang Yue Se liangge yingyiben de bijiao yanjiu(The contribution of thematic progression to cohesion and coherence of text in Chinese- English translation-----A comparative study of two English versions of Moonlight Over the Lotus Pond ). Donghua Ligong Xueyuan Xuebao (Journal of East China Institute of Technology), Vol 26 No.2, 182-185.
David, E.Pollard. (1999). The Chinese Essay. Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Du, Hua. (2003). Zhu Ziqing de Bei Ying yu yingyiwen de wenti yuyan bijiao (Comparative study of the language and stylistic features in Chinese and English versions of "The Sight of Father's Back"). Sichuan Waiyu Xueyuan Xuebao (Journal of Sichuan International Studies University), Vol. 19 No.2, 140-143.
Fu, Demin. (2006). Sanwen yishu lun (The Arts of Prose). Chongqing: Chongqing Chubanshe (Chongqing Press).
Gan, Wenping. (2002). Cong yingyi He Tang Yue Se kan yizhe de fanyi meixue sixiang (On the translators' aesthetic thoughts in translating He Tang Yue Se into English). Wuhan Ligong Daxue Xuebao (Wuhan University of Technology), Vol 15 No.5, 520-523.
Geoffrey, N. Leech, & Michael, H. Short. (2001). Style in Fiction: A Linguistic Introduction to English Fictional Prose. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Gou, Miao. (2008). An Aesthetic Approach to the English Versions of He Tang Yue Se. Retrieved January 6, 2009, from CNKI Web site:http://ckrd.cnki.net/grid20/Getinfobydoi.aspx?doi=CNKI:CDMD:2.2008.093782.
Jiang, Yinnan, & Yan, Dichang. (1988). Zhu Ziqing Sanwen de Yuyan Yishu (The Language Arts of Zhu Ziqing's Prose). Fujian: Fujian Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Fujian Educational Press).
Jean, Boase-Beier. (2006). Stylistic Approaches to Translation. Manchest: St. Jerome Publishing.
Jean, Boase-Beier. (2003). Mind Style Translated. Style, Fall 2003; 37,3, 253-265.
Laura,Wright,& Jonathan,Hop.(2000).Stylistics:A Practical Coursebook.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Li,Ming.(2006).Fanyi Piping Yu Shangxi(Translation Appreciation and Criticism).Wuhan:Wuhan Daxue Chubanshe(Wuhan University Press).
Li,Ping.(2005).Zhu Chunshen yi He Tang Yue Se bufen duanluo shangxi(On translated version of Moonlight Over the Lotus Pond).Chengdu Jiaoyu Xueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Chengdu College of Education),Vol 119 No.12,40-42.
Liu,Shicong.(2006).Yinghan · Hanying Meiwen Fanyi Yu Jianshang(Translation and Apprecitation of English & Chinese Prose).Nanjing:Yilin Chubanshe (Yiling Press).
Liu,Rurong,& Yang,Wei.(2006).Yinghanyu zhushuwei duibi yu fanyi-- yi He Tang Yue Se weili(Comparison of theme,rheme and translation -- taking Moonlight on the Lotus Pond as an example).Jishou Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Jishou University),Vol 27 No.6,157-160.
Lv,Gui.(2008).Zhuwei tuijin zai hanying fanyi shijian zhong de zuoyong-- yi Zhu Ziqing Cong Cong de liangge yingyiben weili(The contribution of thematic progression to Chinese-English translation).Hubei Dier Shifan Xueyuan Xuebao (Journal of Hubei University of Education),Vol 25 No.3,126-128.
M.A.K.,Halliday.(1969).Linguistic Function and Literary Style:An Inquiry Into the language of William Golding's The Inheritors.In Shen,Dan(Ed.),Recent Development in Western Stylistics(pp.215-255).Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Mao,Cui,& Qiu,Tianhe.(2007).WordSmith zai fanyi piping zhong de yingyong (The application of WordSmith in translation critisism).Keji Xinxi(Science&Technology Information),Vol 34,14-16.
Qian,Yuan.(2006).Stylistics:A Coursebook for Chinese EFL Students.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Richard,A.Lanham.(2003).Analyzing Prose.Beijing:Peking University Press.
Shen,Dan.(1995).Literary Stylistics and Fictional Translation,Beijing:Peking University Press.
Shen, Xiaolong. (1988). Zhongguo Juxing Wenhua ( Chinese Syntactic Culture). Changchun: Dongbei Shifan Daxue Chubanshe (Northeast Normal University Press).
Susan, Bassnett. (2004). Translation Studies. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Su, Yanfeng, & Zou, Haiqi. (2008). Zhuwei tuijin yu hanyiying wenben de xianjie he lianguan——Bei Ying yingyiben de yanjiu (Thematic progression and cohesion and coherence in Chinese-English translation——A study on the English version of Bei Ying). Zhongguo Kejiao Chuangxin Daokan (China Education Innovation Herald), 2008 No.8, 123.
Tracy, Chevalier. (1997). Encyclopedia of the Essay. London and Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
Yuan, Xi. (2007). Yinghanyu zhu、 shuwei duibi yu fanyi——dui He Tang Yue Se de fenxi (Comparison of theme, rheme and translation——Analysis to Moonlight on the Lotus Pond). Keji Xinxi (Science& Technology Information), Vo1 27, 159,181.
Zhang, Peiji. (1999). Yingyi Zhongguo Xiandai Sanwenxuan (Selected Modern Chinese Prose Writings). Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Zhang, Peiji. (2003). Yingyi Zhongguo Xiandai Sanwenxuan Dierji (Selected Modem Chinese Prose Writings Vol.2). Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Zhang, Peiji. (2007). Yingyi Zhongguo Xiandai Sanwenxuan San (Selected Modern Chinese Essays 3). Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Zhou, Shuyun. (2007). Thematic Progression: A Means of Achieving Textual Cohesion and Coherence in Chinese- English Translation——A Comparison of Three English Versions of Moonlight over the Lotus Pond. Retrieved November 28, 2008, from CNKI Web site:http://ckrd.cnki.net/grid20/detail.aspx?QueryID=110&CurRec=l
Zhou, Shuyun, & Zha, Ling. (2007). Zhuwei tuijin yu hanyiying wenben de xianjie he lianguan_He Tang Yue Se liangge yingyiben de bijiao yanjiu(The contribution of thematic progression to cohesion and coherence of text in Chinese- English translation-----A comparative study of two English versions of Moonlight Over the Lotus Pond ). Donghua Ligong Xueyuan Xuebao (Journal of East China Institute of Technology), Vol 26 No.2, 182-185.