钢铁行业固体废弃物农业利用基础技术研究
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摘要
固体废弃物的综合利用是发展循环经济的有效途径,是实现经济又好又快发展的迫切要求,可以有效的解决资源短缺与经济发展之间的矛盾,提高经济效益,减轻对环境的污染。
高炉渣是钢铁生产过程中所产生的主要固体废弃物,为了解决我国高炉渣综合资源化利用过程中所存在的问题,拓展高炉渣资源化利用的途径,为我国农业发展开辟新的肥源,促进我国钢铁工业和农业可持续发展。本文进行了以高炉脱硅渣为原料改性合成缓释性硅钾肥的研究,主要工作如下:
首先,通过在铁水脱硅渣中添加不同量的K2CO3,制取K2O含量分别为15%、20%,25%和30%的硅钾肥,考察K2O含量、加热温度、保温时间、渣系、冷却方式以及添加物等工艺条件对合成硅钾肥结晶性能、微观结构、溶出特性,以及对耐火材料的抗侵蚀性能的影响。实验结果表明合成工艺条件对硅钾肥的结晶性能及显微结构没有显著影响,含钾化合物均以非结晶相的形式存在,合成硅钾肥具有较为明显的缓释性能和侵蚀性能。
其次,采用正交实验设计法与神经网络法相结合的实验设计和数据处理新方法体系,并且采用初期终止法对数据进行弥补,明显提高了网络的泛化性能,对合成硅钾肥工艺反应条件进行优化。实验结果分析表明,在制取温度1400℃,氧化钾含量20%,保温时间15min条件下,对合成硅钾肥最为有利。
再次,在硅钾肥合成最优工艺反应条件确定的前提下,运用数学规划方法对合成硅钾肥工艺流程中的相关细节阶段进行逐一分析,以经济效益最好或经济损失最低为目标分别建立优化模型,并初步探讨模型的求解方法,对铁水脱硅渣工业化生产硅钾肥的工艺流程进行优化。
最后,对合成的硅钾肥进行农艺栽培实验,考察硅钾肥对农作物产量、品质以及土壤的影响。农艺实验表明,施用硅钾肥不仅能够提高作物产量,还能提高土壤中速效钾和缓效钾含量,对土壤pH影响不大。采用绿色核算方法对合成硅钾肥的农用环境经济效益进行核算,结果表明,若仅以经济产出来评估,由脱硅渣制成的缓释硅钾肥可以取代普通速效钾肥,并且具有更佳的效果。
The synthesize Utilization of solid waste is an effective method to develop cycling economy. And it is also an urgent need to carry out the economy developing with good quality and high speed. It can be an effective solution to the contradiction between resource shortage and economic development, which can increase the economic benefit and reduce the pollution to environment.
Blast furnace slag is the main solid waste which discharged from the steel-making process. In order to solve the problems exist in the resource utilization process of blast furnace slag in china, slag utilization ways should be developed. And the slag can be made to new fertilizer for agriculture, which can promote the sustainable development of steel industry and agriculture. In this dissertation, preparation technology of slow-release silicon-potassium fertilizer which used the desiliconization slag as the mainly material was studied. The contents of the research are organized as follows.
Firstly, Silicon-potassium fertilizer samples were synthesized with difference K2O content, which were 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The crystal performance, microcosmic structure, dissolving character and corrosion resistance performance to refractory materials of silicon-potassium fertilizer samples with difference synthesize such conditions as K2O content, heat temperature, heat preservation time, cooling mode and joined substance was observed. The experiment results showed that the synthesize conditions had no obvious influence on the crystal performance and microcosmic structure of the silicon-potassium fertilizer. All of the chemicals which include K in the fertilizer were existed in non-crystal state. And the silicon-potassium fertilizer has obvious slow-release character and corrosion performance.
Secondly, the orthogonal experiment design and neural network methods were used to optimize the reaction condition for silicon-potassium fertilizer production. In this study, the initial stage stop method was used to remedy data, which could increase the network generalization ability obviously. The result showed that 1400℃, the content of K2O about 20% and heat preservation 15 minutes is the best reaction condition for silicon-potassium fertilizer.
Thirdly, based on the precondition that the best reaction condition was decided, mathematic programming method was used to analysis the specific phases of synthesizing flow of silicon-potassium fertilizer. An optimization model was established whose objective function was economic benefit maximization or economic losing minimization. Then, the resolution method for the optimization model was discussed to optimize the technics flow for using desiliconization slag to produce silicon-potassium fertilizer in industrialization.
At last, agricultural experiments were carried out to study the effect of silicon-potassium fertilizer on crop yield, quality and soil. The agricultural experiments showed that not only the crop output was increased but also the content of K in the soil was also increased and the influence on the pH value of the soil is weak. In order to evaluate the environmental and economic benefit of silicon-potassium fertilizer, the green accounting method was used. The results showed that if it was only evaluated based on economic output, the silicon-potassium fertilizer could replace the traditional quick result fertilizer and has better effect.
高炉渣是钢铁生产过程中所产生的主要固体废弃物,为了解决我国高炉渣综合资源化利用过程中所存在的问题,拓展高炉渣资源化利用的途径,为我国农业发展开辟新的肥源,促进我国钢铁工业和农业可持续发展。本文进行了以高炉脱硅渣为原料改性合成缓释性硅钾肥的研究,主要工作如下:
首先,通过在铁水脱硅渣中添加不同量的K2CO3,制取K2O含量分别为15%、20%,25%和30%的硅钾肥,考察K2O含量、加热温度、保温时间、渣系、冷却方式以及添加物等工艺条件对合成硅钾肥结晶性能、微观结构、溶出特性,以及对耐火材料的抗侵蚀性能的影响。实验结果表明合成工艺条件对硅钾肥的结晶性能及显微结构没有显著影响,含钾化合物均以非结晶相的形式存在,合成硅钾肥具有较为明显的缓释性能和侵蚀性能。
其次,采用正交实验设计法与神经网络法相结合的实验设计和数据处理新方法体系,并且采用初期终止法对数据进行弥补,明显提高了网络的泛化性能,对合成硅钾肥工艺反应条件进行优化。实验结果分析表明,在制取温度1400℃,氧化钾含量20%,保温时间15min条件下,对合成硅钾肥最为有利。
再次,在硅钾肥合成最优工艺反应条件确定的前提下,运用数学规划方法对合成硅钾肥工艺流程中的相关细节阶段进行逐一分析,以经济效益最好或经济损失最低为目标分别建立优化模型,并初步探讨模型的求解方法,对铁水脱硅渣工业化生产硅钾肥的工艺流程进行优化。
最后,对合成的硅钾肥进行农艺栽培实验,考察硅钾肥对农作物产量、品质以及土壤的影响。农艺实验表明,施用硅钾肥不仅能够提高作物产量,还能提高土壤中速效钾和缓效钾含量,对土壤pH影响不大。采用绿色核算方法对合成硅钾肥的农用环境经济效益进行核算,结果表明,若仅以经济产出来评估,由脱硅渣制成的缓释硅钾肥可以取代普通速效钾肥,并且具有更佳的效果。
The synthesize Utilization of solid waste is an effective method to develop cycling economy. And it is also an urgent need to carry out the economy developing with good quality and high speed. It can be an effective solution to the contradiction between resource shortage and economic development, which can increase the economic benefit and reduce the pollution to environment.
Blast furnace slag is the main solid waste which discharged from the steel-making process. In order to solve the problems exist in the resource utilization process of blast furnace slag in china, slag utilization ways should be developed. And the slag can be made to new fertilizer for agriculture, which can promote the sustainable development of steel industry and agriculture. In this dissertation, preparation technology of slow-release silicon-potassium fertilizer which used the desiliconization slag as the mainly material was studied. The contents of the research are organized as follows.
Firstly, Silicon-potassium fertilizer samples were synthesized with difference K2O content, which were 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The crystal performance, microcosmic structure, dissolving character and corrosion resistance performance to refractory materials of silicon-potassium fertilizer samples with difference synthesize such conditions as K2O content, heat temperature, heat preservation time, cooling mode and joined substance was observed. The experiment results showed that the synthesize conditions had no obvious influence on the crystal performance and microcosmic structure of the silicon-potassium fertilizer. All of the chemicals which include K in the fertilizer were existed in non-crystal state. And the silicon-potassium fertilizer has obvious slow-release character and corrosion performance.
Secondly, the orthogonal experiment design and neural network methods were used to optimize the reaction condition for silicon-potassium fertilizer production. In this study, the initial stage stop method was used to remedy data, which could increase the network generalization ability obviously. The result showed that 1400℃, the content of K2O about 20% and heat preservation 15 minutes is the best reaction condition for silicon-potassium fertilizer.
Thirdly, based on the precondition that the best reaction condition was decided, mathematic programming method was used to analysis the specific phases of synthesizing flow of silicon-potassium fertilizer. An optimization model was established whose objective function was economic benefit maximization or economic losing minimization. Then, the resolution method for the optimization model was discussed to optimize the technics flow for using desiliconization slag to produce silicon-potassium fertilizer in industrialization.
At last, agricultural experiments were carried out to study the effect of silicon-potassium fertilizer on crop yield, quality and soil. The agricultural experiments showed that not only the crop output was increased but also the content of K in the soil was also increased and the influence on the pH value of the soil is weak. In order to evaluate the environmental and economic benefit of silicon-potassium fertilizer, the green accounting method was used. The results showed that if it was only evaluated based on economic output, the silicon-potassium fertilizer could replace the traditional quick result fertilizer and has better effect.
引文
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