极化敏感阵列的误差校正
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摘要
论文研究了极化敏感阵列的取向误差、幅相误差及耦合误差的有源校正与补偿。主要研究了幅相误差和耦合误差的误差矩阵建模以及不同情况下各种误差矩阵的估计问题。本文主要从降低信号源的要求和提高误差矩阵估计精度两个方面进行研究。
首先,研究了电磁矢量传感器阵列取向误差。一方面,提出了利用两个参数未知的信号源估计电磁矢量传感器阵列取向误差的方法；另一方面,提出了一阶Taylor近似情况下的取向误差矩阵的两种估计方法,利用一个参数未知的信号源,根据理想的和存在取向误差的电磁矢量传感器测得的Poynting矢量之间的关系,通过数学推导给出了取向误差的计算公式。
其次,研究了比值法和矩阵块运算法两种估计电偶极子组幅相误差的新方法,分别用一个和两个参数未知的的信号源,同时入射到理想的和存在幅相误差的电偶极子组上的采样数据进行误差估计。
最后,研究了电磁矢量传感器阵元通道之间的相互耦合产生的通道耦合误差的估计和补偿。在分析耦合误差影响因素的基础上,建立了阵元通道耦合误差矩阵的数学模型,依据耦合误差矩阵的特点对矩阵进行了矩阵等价变换处理,从而简化了耦合误差矩阵的求解。
The calibration and remedy of polarization sensitive array, including misorientation, gain and phase error and coupling error were researched in this dissertation. It is that the modeling of error matrix for gain and phase error and the coupling error, and the estimation of various error matrix in different circumstances was mainly studied. The study focuses on two aspects:reducing the requirement of signal source and improving the estimation precision of error matrix.
Firstly, the misorientation of the electromagnetic vector sensor array has been studied. On the one hand, a novel calibration method has studied by using two parameter unknown reference signals, based on the misorientation of the electromagnetic vector sensor array. On the other hand, two novel estimation methods in the first-order Taylor approximate are presented by using one parameter unknown reference signal, based on the relationship of Poynting vector between ideal electromagnetic vectors and misorientation electromagnetic vectors. The computational formulas of the orientation errors have been derived in this paper.
Secondly, two novel calibration and remedy methods of gain and phase error for Triple-dipole sensor have been proposed. Reference signals with one or two parameter unknown incident on the ideal and nonideal triple-dipole sensor and the time sample data of those have been used to estimate the error matrix.
Lastly, the mutual coupling between the array element channels of electromagnetic vector sensor has been studied. On the foundation of analysing the influencing factors of coupling error, the mathematical model of the array element channel coupling error matrix has been established. According to the characteristics of coupling error, equivalence transformation of matrix has done, and which simplifies the solving of coupling error matrix.
首先,研究了电磁矢量传感器阵列取向误差。一方面,提出了利用两个参数未知的信号源估计电磁矢量传感器阵列取向误差的方法；另一方面,提出了一阶Taylor近似情况下的取向误差矩阵的两种估计方法,利用一个参数未知的信号源,根据理想的和存在取向误差的电磁矢量传感器测得的Poynting矢量之间的关系,通过数学推导给出了取向误差的计算公式。
其次,研究了比值法和矩阵块运算法两种估计电偶极子组幅相误差的新方法,分别用一个和两个参数未知的的信号源,同时入射到理想的和存在幅相误差的电偶极子组上的采样数据进行误差估计。
最后,研究了电磁矢量传感器阵元通道之间的相互耦合产生的通道耦合误差的估计和补偿。在分析耦合误差影响因素的基础上,建立了阵元通道耦合误差矩阵的数学模型,依据耦合误差矩阵的特点对矩阵进行了矩阵等价变换处理,从而简化了耦合误差矩阵的求解。
The calibration and remedy of polarization sensitive array, including misorientation, gain and phase error and coupling error were researched in this dissertation. It is that the modeling of error matrix for gain and phase error and the coupling error, and the estimation of various error matrix in different circumstances was mainly studied. The study focuses on two aspects:reducing the requirement of signal source and improving the estimation precision of error matrix.
Firstly, the misorientation of the electromagnetic vector sensor array has been studied. On the one hand, a novel calibration method has studied by using two parameter unknown reference signals, based on the misorientation of the electromagnetic vector sensor array. On the other hand, two novel estimation methods in the first-order Taylor approximate are presented by using one parameter unknown reference signal, based on the relationship of Poynting vector between ideal electromagnetic vectors and misorientation electromagnetic vectors. The computational formulas of the orientation errors have been derived in this paper.
Secondly, two novel calibration and remedy methods of gain and phase error for Triple-dipole sensor have been proposed. Reference signals with one or two parameter unknown incident on the ideal and nonideal triple-dipole sensor and the time sample data of those have been used to estimate the error matrix.
Lastly, the mutual coupling between the array element channels of electromagnetic vector sensor has been studied. On the foundation of analysing the influencing factors of coupling error, the mathematical model of the array element channel coupling error matrix has been established. According to the characteristics of coupling error, equivalence transformation of matrix has done, and which simplifies the solving of coupling error matrix.
引文
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[2]徐振海,极化敏感阵列信号处理的研究[D].国防科学技术大学博士论文,北京：国防科学技术大学,2004。
[3]Jian Li, R.T. Compton, Jr. Angle and polarization estimation using ESPRIT with a polarization sensitive array[J]. IEEE Trans. A P,1991,39(9):1376-1383.
[4]Jian Li, R. T. Compton, Jr. Angle estimation using a polarization sensitive array[J]. IEEE Trans. A P,1991,39(10):1539-1543.
[5]Jian Li. On polarization estimation using a polarization sensitive array[J]. IEEE Proc. Sixth Workshop on Satistical Signal and Array Processing,1992,465-468.
[6]Jian Li. R. T. Compton, Jr. Two-dimensional angle and estimation using the ESPRIT Algorithm[J]. IEEE.Trans. A P,1992,40(5):550-555.
[7]Jian Li, P. Stoica. Efficent parameter estimation of partially polarized electromagnetic waves[J]. IEEE Trans. S P,1994,42(7):3114-3125.
[8]Anthony J. Weiss, Benjamin Friedlander. Maximum likelihood signal estimation for polarization sensitive arrays[J]. IEEE Trans. A P,1993,41(7):918-925.
[9]Anthony J. Weiss, Benjamin Friedlander. Analysis of a signal estimation algorithm for diversely polarized arrays[J]. IEEE Trans. S P,1993,41(8):2628-2638.
[10]Wong K T, Zoltowski M D. Diversely polarized root-MUSIC for azimuth-elevation angle of arrival estimation[J]. IEEE A P-S,1996,1352-1355.
[11]Wong K T, Zoltowski M D. Uni-Vector-Sensor ESPRIT for multisource azimuth, elevation, and polarization estimation[J]. IEEE Trans. A P,1997,45(10): 1467-1474.
[12]K.T. Wong. Closed-Form Direction Finding and Polarization Estimation with Arbitrarily Spaced Electromagnetic Vector-Sensors at Unknown Locations[J]. IEEE Trans on A P,2000,48(5):671-680.
[13]Wong K T, Zoltowski M D, K T. Self-initiating MUSIC-based direction finding and polarization estimation in spatio-polarizational beam space[J]. IEEE Trans. AP, 2000,48(8):1235-1245.
[14]Zoltwski M D,Wong K T. ESPRIT-based 2D direction finding with a sparse uniform array of electromagnetic vector sensors[J]. IEEE Trans. S P,2000,48(8): 2195-2204.
[15]Zoltwski M D, Wong K T. Closed-form eigenstructure-based direction finding using arbitrary but identical subarrays on a sparse uniform cartesian array grid[J]. IEEE Trans. S P,2000,48(8):2205-2210.
[16]K. T. Wong. Direction finding/polarization estimation-dipole and/or loop triads [J]. IEEE Trans. A E S,2001,37(2):679-684.
[17]R. O. Schmit. Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation [J]. IEEE Trans. A P,1986,34:276-280.
[18]王建英.阵列信号多参量联合估计技术研究[D].成都：电子科技大学博士论文,2000。
[19]陈四根.阵列信号处理相关技术研究[D].博士论文.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学,2004。
[20]Weiss A J, Friedlamder B. Effects of modeling errors on the resolution threshold of the MUSIC algorithm[J]. IEEE Trans. On S P,1994,42(6):1519-1526.
[21]Hamza R, Buckley K. An alalysis of weighted eigenspace methods in the presence of sensor errors[J]. IEEE Trars. On S P,1995,43(5):1140-5150.
[22]苏卫民,顾红,倪晋麟等.通道幅相误差条件下MUSIC空间谱的统计性能[J].电子学报,2001,28(6)：105-107。
[23]俄广西,龚耀寰.一种新的阵列天线校正方法[J].信号处理,2003,19(5)：404-406。
[24]李琼,叶中付,徐旭.均匀线阵中幅相及位置误差的快速校正方法[J].数据采集与处理,2003,18(4)：383-388。
[25]于斌,宋铮,张军.阵列天线阵元位置误差的一种有源校正方法[J].雷达科学与技术,2004,2(5)：315-320。
[26]熊立志,漆兰芳,张元培.一种新的天线阵列位置误差校正方法[J].电波科学学报,2004,19(2)：192-194。
[27]杨莘元,崔金辉.幅相误差引起超低旁瓣阵列天线旁瓣最高电平分布的研究[J].宇航学报,2004,25(1)：109-112。
[28]林敏,龚铮权.超分辨测向中阵元互耦的校正[J].电子与信息学报,2002,24(5)：631-636。
[29]林敏,王淑节,龚铮权.阵元间互耦对测向性能的影响及其校正方法[J].解放军理工大学学报,2002,3(6)：31-34。
[30]林敏,夏惊雷,龚铮权.基于子空间的天线阵通道不一致有源校正法[J].无线通信技术,2001,(3)：34-36。
[31]伍裕江,聂在平.一种新的互耦方法及其理论分析[J].电子学报,2007,35(3)： 492-496。
[32]王鼎,吴瑛.一种新的阵列误差有源校正算法[J].电子学报,2010,38(3)：518-524。
[33]王鼎,吴瑛.均匀线阵互耦和幅相误差有源校正改进算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2009,31(9)：2077-2081。
[34]黄家才,陶建武,温秀兰.原位误差情况下DOA和极化参数盲估计[J].电波科学学报,2009,24(1)：179-184。
[35]张锐戈,王兰美,王宗麓.矢量天线阵元方向不一致的误差校正[J].数据采集与处理,2009,24(3)：345-349。
[36]王兰美,廖桂生,王洪洋.矢量传感器幅相误差校正与补偿[J].系统仿真学报,2007,19(6)：1326-1328。
[37]王兰美,廖桂生,王洪洋.矢量传感器增益校正与补偿[J].电波科学学报,2005,20(5)：687-690。
[38]王兰美,廖桂生,王洪洋.矢量传感器误差校正与补偿[J].电子与信息学报,2006,28(1)：92-95。
[39]KainamThomasWong, MichaelD.Zoltowski. Root-Music-based direction-finding and polarization estimation using diversely polarized possibly collocated antennas[J]. IEEE Antennas and wireless propagation letter,2004, Vol(3):129-132.
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