网络编码在战术互联网中的应用
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摘要
战术互联网是数字化战场的战术通信网络,在战场机动指挥控制、态势感知及无缝联通等方面发挥着重要作用。网络编码技术,允许中间节点在转发分组前对分组进行编码,从而提高网络吞吐量,目前对网络编码在无线网络中的应用研究较少。因此将网络编码应用到战术互联网中有重要意义。
本文在研究网络编码的基础上,结合战术互联网的特点,将无线网络编码机制COPE应用到战术互联网中,以达到提高战术互联网网络吞吐量的目的。通过对COPE原理和设计算法的研究,在NS-2仿真软件中实现了该网络编码机制;在NS-2中建立三种不同的战术互联网拓扑模型,将COPE应用到模型中进行仿真;比较并分析应用COPE前后各模型的吞吐量变化情况。结果表明,应用网络编码COPE机制后战术互联网在吞吐量方面有较大的提高。
Tactical Internet is a tactical communication network in digitized battlefield, which plays an important role in mobile command and control, situational awareness and seamless interchange. Network Coding, which allows intermediate nodes to encode packets before forwarding, improves network throughput. It is of great significance to apply network coding to the tactical Internet.
In this thesis, combined with the structural characteristics of Tactical Internet, COPE which is a network coding protocol for multi-hop unicast wireless networks is applied to Tactical Internet to improve network throughput. COPE is realized in the NS-2 simulation software after analyzing COPE principles and algorithms and learning the structure of NS-2. Three different topologies, including small static cluster structure, intensive Tactical Internet and battlefield network, are modeled and their throughputs are emulated in NS-2. Then COPE is applied to the three topologies to emulate its performance. Comparing simulation results shows that COPE can improve the network throughput of Tactical Internet greatly.
本文在研究网络编码的基础上,结合战术互联网的特点,将无线网络编码机制COPE应用到战术互联网中,以达到提高战术互联网网络吞吐量的目的。通过对COPE原理和设计算法的研究,在NS-2仿真软件中实现了该网络编码机制;在NS-2中建立三种不同的战术互联网拓扑模型,将COPE应用到模型中进行仿真;比较并分析应用COPE前后各模型的吞吐量变化情况。结果表明,应用网络编码COPE机制后战术互联网在吞吐量方面有较大的提高。
Tactical Internet is a tactical communication network in digitized battlefield, which plays an important role in mobile command and control, situational awareness and seamless interchange. Network Coding, which allows intermediate nodes to encode packets before forwarding, improves network throughput. It is of great significance to apply network coding to the tactical Internet.
In this thesis, combined with the structural characteristics of Tactical Internet, COPE which is a network coding protocol for multi-hop unicast wireless networks is applied to Tactical Internet to improve network throughput. COPE is realized in the NS-2 simulation software after analyzing COPE principles and algorithms and learning the structure of NS-2. Three different topologies, including small static cluster structure, intensive Tactical Internet and battlefield network, are modeled and their throughputs are emulated in NS-2. Then COPE is applied to the three topologies to emulate its performance. Comparing simulation results shows that COPE can improve the network throughput of Tactical Internet greatly.
引文
[1] Rudolf Ahlswede, Ning Cai, Shuo-Yen Robert Li. Network Information Flow. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 2000,7, 46(4). 1204-1216.
[2] S. Katti, H. Rahul, W. Hu, et al. XORs in the air: Practical wireless network coding. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 2006,Pisa,Italy. 2006,9. 243-254.
[3] S. Zhang, S. Liew, P. Lam. Physical layer network coding. Proc. ACM MobiCom 2006. 2006,9. 358-365.
[4] Y. E. Sagduyu, A. Ephremides. On joint MAC and network coding in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory. 2007,10,53(10). 3697-3731.
[5] P. Popovski, H. Yomo. Physical network coding in two-way wireless relay channels. IEEE International Conference on Communications. 2007. 707-712.
[6] S. Y. Rouayheb, M. A. R. Chaudhry, A. Sprintson. On the minimum number of transmission in single-hop wireless coding networks. IEEE Information Theory Workshop. 2007. 120-125.
[7]王喜焱.美国陆军战术互联网的现状与发展.火控雷达技术. 2002,12,31. 25-43.
[8] Dick Schefstrom. Architecture of a Mobile Internet. Proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences[C]. IEEE Conference on System Sciences. 2002
[9]刘珩.移动自组织网重构行为研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2006. 12-13
[10] S. Katti, D. Katabi, W. Hu, et al. The importance of being opportunistic: Practical network coding for wireless environment. Allerton 2005. 2005.
[11] TakuNoguchi, Takahiro Matsuda. Performance Evaluation of New Multicast Architecture with Network Coding. IEICE Trans. Comm. 2003,6. 1788-1795.
[12] Li S Y R, YEUNG R W, CAI N. Linear network coding [J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 2003,2,49(2). 371-381.
[13] R. W. Yeung, N. Cai. Network error correction, Part I Basic concept and upper bound. Communications in Inf. and Sys. 2006,6,6. 19-36.
[14] S. Jaggi, P. Sanders, P. A. Chou. Polynomial time algorithms for multicast network code construction. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 2005,6,51(6). 1973-1982.
[15] Koetter R, Medard M. An algebraic approach to network coding [J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. 2003,10,11(5). 782-795.
[16] Fragouli C, Soljanin E. Information flow decomposition for network coding [J]. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory. 2006,3,52(3). 829-848.
[17] Dougherty R, Freliling C, Zeger K. Linearity and solvability in multicast networks [J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 2004,10,50(10). 2243-2256.
[18] Langberg M, Sprintson A, Bruck J. The encoding complexity of network coding [J]. ETR063, California Institute of Technology. 2006,6,52(6). 2386-2397.
[19] Christina Fragouli, Emina Soljanin. A connection between network coding and convolutional codes [J]. IEEE Communications Society. 2004,2. 156-167.
[20] D. S. Lun, N. Ratnakar, R. Koetter, et.al. Achieving Minimum-Cost Multicast: A Decentralized Approach Based on Network Coding. Proceedings-IEEE INFOCOM. 2005,3. 1608-1617.
[21] Y. Wu, S.-Y. Kung. Distributed utility maximization for network coding based multicasting: a shorted path approach. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2006,8,24(8). 1475-1488.
[22] T. Ho, R. Koetter. Online incremental network coding for multiple unicasts. DIMACS Working Group on Network Coding. 2005.
[23] Z. Li, B. Li. Network coding: The case for multiple unicast sessions. Allerton Conference on Communications. 2004.
[24] D. S. Lun, N. Ratnakar, R. Koetter. Achieving Minimum-Cost Multicast: A Decentralized Approach Based on Network Coding. IEEE INFOCOM. 2005,3. 1608-1617.
[25] D. S. J. De Couto, D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, et al. A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. ACM MobiCom’03. 2003,9. 134-146.
[26]方路平,刘世华,陈盼. NS-2网络模拟基础与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2008. 1.
[27]徐雷鸣,庞博,赵蒙. NS与网络模拟.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[28]赵相全.无线自组网技术实用教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[29]闵雪娇,幕晓东,张娟.战术互联网网络拓扑模型的研究.计算机技术与发展. 2007,7,17(7). 108-113.
[30]樊凯,李令雄,龙冬阳.无线mesh网中网络编码感知的按需无线路由协议的研究.通信学报. 2009,1,30(1). 128-134.
[31]刘传辉,周新力,刘宴涛.战术互联网络体系结构.海军航空工程学院学报. 2008,1,23(1). 43-48.
[32]李颖,王静.网络编码在无线通信网络中的应用.中兴通讯技术. 2009,1,15(1). 32-36.
[33] Sachin Katti, Ivana Mari′c, Andrea Goldsmith, et al. Joint Relaying and Network Coding in Wireless Networks. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory– Proceedings. 2007. 1101-1105.
[34] Christina Fragouli, J¨org Widmer, Jean-Yves Le Boudec. On the Benefits of Network Coding for Wireless Applications. In 4th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks. 2006.
[35] http://140.116.72.80/~smallko/ns2/ns2.htm
[36] Navidi W, Camp T. Stationary Distributions for the Random Waypoint Mobility Model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. 2004,3(1). 99-108.
[37]彭木根,王月新,王文博.无线自组织网络的网络编码技术.中兴通讯技术. 2007,4,13(4). 56-60.
[38] Michael J Ryan, Michael R Frater.Tactical Communications for the Digitized Battlefield [M]. Bosten-London:Artech House. 2002. 356-360
[39]谢军,刘慧芳.美军战术互联网体系结构研究与弱点初探.全国卫星微波通信技术研讨会. 2002. 143-151.
[40] Sachin Katti, Shyamnath Gollakota, Dina Katabi. Embracing Wireless Interference: Analog Network Coding. ACM SIGCOMM. 2007. 397-408.
[41] Yunnan Wu, Philip A. Chou, Sun-Yuan Kung. Information Exchange in Wireless Networks with Network Coding and Physical-layer Broadcast. MSR-TR-2004-78. 2004,8.
[42] Sichao Yang, Ralf Koetter. Network Coding over a Noisy Relay : a Belief Propagation Approach. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory– Proceedings. 2007. 801-804.
[43] F. Zhao, D. S. Lun, M. Medard, et al. Decentralized algorithms for operating coded wireless networks. IEEE Information Theory Workshop. 2007.
[44] H. Yomo, P. Popovski. Opportunistic scheduling for wireless network coding. IEEE International Conference on Communications. 2007. 5610-5615.
[45] I. Stojanovic, M. Sharif, D. Starobinski. Data dissemination in wireless broadcast channels: network coding or cooperation. Forty-first Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems. 2007. 265-270.
[46] S. Zhang, Y. Zhu, S.-C. Liew, et al. Joint design of network coding and channel decoding for wireless networks. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. 2007. 780-785.
[47] Chachulski S, Jennings M, Katti S, et al. MORE: a network coding approach to opportunistic routing [EB/OL]. MIT-CSAIL-TR-2006-049. 2006,6. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/33230
[2] S. Katti, H. Rahul, W. Hu, et al. XORs in the air: Practical wireless network coding. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM 2006,Pisa,Italy. 2006,9. 243-254.
[3] S. Zhang, S. Liew, P. Lam. Physical layer network coding. Proc. ACM MobiCom 2006. 2006,9. 358-365.
[4] Y. E. Sagduyu, A. Ephremides. On joint MAC and network coding in wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory. 2007,10,53(10). 3697-3731.
[5] P. Popovski, H. Yomo. Physical network coding in two-way wireless relay channels. IEEE International Conference on Communications. 2007. 707-712.
[6] S. Y. Rouayheb, M. A. R. Chaudhry, A. Sprintson. On the minimum number of transmission in single-hop wireless coding networks. IEEE Information Theory Workshop. 2007. 120-125.
[7]王喜焱.美国陆军战术互联网的现状与发展.火控雷达技术. 2002,12,31. 25-43.
[8] Dick Schefstrom. Architecture of a Mobile Internet. Proceedings of the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences[C]. IEEE Conference on System Sciences. 2002
[9]刘珩.移动自组织网重构行为研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2006. 12-13
[10] S. Katti, D. Katabi, W. Hu, et al. The importance of being opportunistic: Practical network coding for wireless environment. Allerton 2005. 2005.
[11] TakuNoguchi, Takahiro Matsuda. Performance Evaluation of New Multicast Architecture with Network Coding. IEICE Trans. Comm. 2003,6. 1788-1795.
[12] Li S Y R, YEUNG R W, CAI N. Linear network coding [J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 2003,2,49(2). 371-381.
[13] R. W. Yeung, N. Cai. Network error correction, Part I Basic concept and upper bound. Communications in Inf. and Sys. 2006,6,6. 19-36.
[14] S. Jaggi, P. Sanders, P. A. Chou. Polynomial time algorithms for multicast network code construction. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 2005,6,51(6). 1973-1982.
[15] Koetter R, Medard M. An algebraic approach to network coding [J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. 2003,10,11(5). 782-795.
[16] Fragouli C, Soljanin E. Information flow decomposition for network coding [J]. IEEE Transaction on Information Theory. 2006,3,52(3). 829-848.
[17] Dougherty R, Freliling C, Zeger K. Linearity and solvability in multicast networks [J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 2004,10,50(10). 2243-2256.
[18] Langberg M, Sprintson A, Bruck J. The encoding complexity of network coding [J]. ETR063, California Institute of Technology. 2006,6,52(6). 2386-2397.
[19] Christina Fragouli, Emina Soljanin. A connection between network coding and convolutional codes [J]. IEEE Communications Society. 2004,2. 156-167.
[20] D. S. Lun, N. Ratnakar, R. Koetter, et.al. Achieving Minimum-Cost Multicast: A Decentralized Approach Based on Network Coding. Proceedings-IEEE INFOCOM. 2005,3. 1608-1617.
[21] Y. Wu, S.-Y. Kung. Distributed utility maximization for network coding based multicasting: a shorted path approach. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. 2006,8,24(8). 1475-1488.
[22] T. Ho, R. Koetter. Online incremental network coding for multiple unicasts. DIMACS Working Group on Network Coding. 2005.
[23] Z. Li, B. Li. Network coding: The case for multiple unicast sessions. Allerton Conference on Communications. 2004.
[24] D. S. Lun, N. Ratnakar, R. Koetter. Achieving Minimum-Cost Multicast: A Decentralized Approach Based on Network Coding. IEEE INFOCOM. 2005,3. 1608-1617.
[25] D. S. J. De Couto, D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, et al. A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. ACM MobiCom’03. 2003,9. 134-146.
[26]方路平,刘世华,陈盼. NS-2网络模拟基础与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2008. 1.
[27]徐雷鸣,庞博,赵蒙. NS与网络模拟.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[28]赵相全.无线自组网技术实用教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[29]闵雪娇,幕晓东,张娟.战术互联网网络拓扑模型的研究.计算机技术与发展. 2007,7,17(7). 108-113.
[30]樊凯,李令雄,龙冬阳.无线mesh网中网络编码感知的按需无线路由协议的研究.通信学报. 2009,1,30(1). 128-134.
[31]刘传辉,周新力,刘宴涛.战术互联网络体系结构.海军航空工程学院学报. 2008,1,23(1). 43-48.
[32]李颖,王静.网络编码在无线通信网络中的应用.中兴通讯技术. 2009,1,15(1). 32-36.
[33] Sachin Katti, Ivana Mari′c, Andrea Goldsmith, et al. Joint Relaying and Network Coding in Wireless Networks. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory– Proceedings. 2007. 1101-1105.
[34] Christina Fragouli, J¨org Widmer, Jean-Yves Le Boudec. On the Benefits of Network Coding for Wireless Applications. In 4th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc and Wireless Networks. 2006.
[35] http://140.116.72.80/~smallko/ns2/ns2.htm
[36] Navidi W, Camp T. Stationary Distributions for the Random Waypoint Mobility Model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. 2004,3(1). 99-108.
[37]彭木根,王月新,王文博.无线自组织网络的网络编码技术.中兴通讯技术. 2007,4,13(4). 56-60.
[38] Michael J Ryan, Michael R Frater.Tactical Communications for the Digitized Battlefield [M]. Bosten-London:Artech House. 2002. 356-360
[39]谢军,刘慧芳.美军战术互联网体系结构研究与弱点初探.全国卫星微波通信技术研讨会. 2002. 143-151.
[40] Sachin Katti, Shyamnath Gollakota, Dina Katabi. Embracing Wireless Interference: Analog Network Coding. ACM SIGCOMM. 2007. 397-408.
[41] Yunnan Wu, Philip A. Chou, Sun-Yuan Kung. Information Exchange in Wireless Networks with Network Coding and Physical-layer Broadcast. MSR-TR-2004-78. 2004,8.
[42] Sichao Yang, Ralf Koetter. Network Coding over a Noisy Relay : a Belief Propagation Approach. IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory– Proceedings. 2007. 801-804.
[43] F. Zhao, D. S. Lun, M. Medard, et al. Decentralized algorithms for operating coded wireless networks. IEEE Information Theory Workshop. 2007.
[44] H. Yomo, P. Popovski. Opportunistic scheduling for wireless network coding. IEEE International Conference on Communications. 2007. 5610-5615.
[45] I. Stojanovic, M. Sharif, D. Starobinski. Data dissemination in wireless broadcast channels: network coding or cooperation. Forty-first Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems. 2007. 265-270.
[46] S. Zhang, Y. Zhu, S.-C. Liew, et al. Joint design of network coding and channel decoding for wireless networks. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. 2007. 780-785.
[47] Chachulski S, Jennings M, Katti S, et al. MORE: a network coding approach to opportunistic routing [EB/OL]. MIT-CSAIL-TR-2006-049. 2006,6. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/33230