基于可靠度分析的供水管网优化研究
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摘要
随着我国经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,在城市供水管网研究课题中,管网的可靠度与设计合理性已日渐引起研究者越来越多的重视。
本文在对国内外研究成果进行总结分析的基础上,提出了供水管网水力、水质可靠度的评估指标并建立了相应的计算模型;然后,根据供水管网的性质,建立了基于可靠度的多目标供水管网优化设计模型;最后,将模型成功地应用于某实际大规模管网的优化设计课题中。
首先,本文对供水管网水力模型与水质模型的定义、建立和求解进行了研究和探讨,对水力分析软件EPANET的功能与二次开发进行了介绍,并根据某校园管网的水质监测数据,利用偏最小二乘法建立了总铁和浊度的预测模型,经过校核,该水质预测模型具有良好的预测效果,可以较好地解决许多以往用普通多元回归无法解决的问题。
其次,通过对国内外管网可靠度研究成果的分析与综合,本文建立了供水管网水力、水质可靠度模型与水力、水质熵值可靠度模型,其中水力可靠度和水质可靠度模型的计算主体分别为节点实际可利用流量与需水量的比值和节点水质达标率,而水力熵值可靠度与水质熵值可靠度则是利用Shannon的信息熵原理,从管网配水的水量与水质分布的均匀程度来反映管网的可靠度。
再次,本文通过对一个小型模拟管网优化设计算例的可靠度指标值进行计算,验证了所选可靠度指标与所建立计算模型的合理性与可行性,同时也证明了管网水力、水质熵值可靠度模型可以作为管网水力、水质可靠度的替代模型应用于供水管网优化设计研究中。
最后,本文建立了以经济最优和管网熵值可靠度最大为目标的供水管网多目标优化模型,并选取华北某行政区内实际运行多年的大型供水管网作为研究对象,选用遗传算法,利用MATLAB与外部程序的接口功能,调用EPANET动态链接库,采用转化约束条件性质的方法对算法进行改进,使其适应供水管网管径选取规则。优化结果显示,优化后的管网不仅比优化前具有经济优势,其供水可靠度也有相应的提高。
Along with the social economic development and the people living standard improvement, reliability analysis and reasonable design of the municipal water distribution systems is becoming more and more important.
In this paper, based on the summary of research results of the previous study, the indicators of hydraulic reliability and the water quality reliability of municipal water distribution systems has been chosen and the corresponding computational model has also been set up. And then, according to the characteristics of the water distribution systems, a multi-objective optimization model, which is based on the hydraulic and water quality information entropy, has been established. Finally, the optimization model has been successfully applied into the optimization of practical large-scale municipal water distribution systems.
First of all, the definition, establishment and solution of the hydraulic model and water quality model of municipal water distribution systems have been analyzed. The function and the secondary development of hydraulic analysis software EPANET are introduced. Also, based on the water quality monitoring data of a water distribution systems in one campus, the partial least squares method has been used to establish the total iron and turbidity prediction model. The comparation of the monitoring data and the predicting results shows that the partial least squares water quality prediction model has good predictive effect, and it is more adaptable in solving the multiple regression problems which is always ill-solved by the ordinary regression method.
Secondly, after the analysis and synthesis of the previous reliability research of municipal water distribution systems, in this paper, the hydraulic and water quality reliability model as well as the hydraulic and water quality information entropy model are established. In the hydraulic and water quality reliability model, the ratio of available water supply quantity and the normal water demand of nodes is used to calculate the hydraulic reliability, and the standard-reaching rate of water quality of nodes is used to calculate the water quality reliability. Also, based on the information entropy principle which was introduced by Shannon, the hydraulic and water quality information entropy models are established. According to the entropy models, the reliability of the municipal water distribution systems can be indicated by the uniformity of the water supply and the water quality distribution.
Thirdly, a small municipal water distribution system has been taken as the example to simulate the reliability models which has been established in this study. The results of the analysis indicate that the reliability models not only can be well used in calculating the reliability of municipal water distribution system, but also it can be proved that the hydraulic and water quality information entropy model can be used as the alternative model of the hydraulic and water quality simulation model, and it can be better applied to the optimization design study of the complex municipal water distribution systems.
Finally, based on the economic optimization and the maximum information entropy, the multi-objective optimization model of municipal water distribution systems is established. Then a practical large scale municipal water distribution systems in the administrative region of northern China is taken as the object, the MATLAB GATools is chosen to solve the multi-objective model, and the MATLAB external program interface function is used to call the EPANET dynamic link library. Also, according to the characteristics of the water distribution systems, the constraints have been well transferred to be more adaptable to the GATools. The optimization results indicate that the multi-objective model can be well used in the optimization of the municipal water distribution systems, it can not only reduce the investment but also increase the reliability of the municipal water distribution systems.
本文在对国内外研究成果进行总结分析的基础上,提出了供水管网水力、水质可靠度的评估指标并建立了相应的计算模型;然后,根据供水管网的性质,建立了基于可靠度的多目标供水管网优化设计模型;最后,将模型成功地应用于某实际大规模管网的优化设计课题中。
首先,本文对供水管网水力模型与水质模型的定义、建立和求解进行了研究和探讨,对水力分析软件EPANET的功能与二次开发进行了介绍,并根据某校园管网的水质监测数据,利用偏最小二乘法建立了总铁和浊度的预测模型,经过校核,该水质预测模型具有良好的预测效果,可以较好地解决许多以往用普通多元回归无法解决的问题。
其次,通过对国内外管网可靠度研究成果的分析与综合,本文建立了供水管网水力、水质可靠度模型与水力、水质熵值可靠度模型,其中水力可靠度和水质可靠度模型的计算主体分别为节点实际可利用流量与需水量的比值和节点水质达标率,而水力熵值可靠度与水质熵值可靠度则是利用Shannon的信息熵原理,从管网配水的水量与水质分布的均匀程度来反映管网的可靠度。
再次,本文通过对一个小型模拟管网优化设计算例的可靠度指标值进行计算,验证了所选可靠度指标与所建立计算模型的合理性与可行性,同时也证明了管网水力、水质熵值可靠度模型可以作为管网水力、水质可靠度的替代模型应用于供水管网优化设计研究中。
最后,本文建立了以经济最优和管网熵值可靠度最大为目标的供水管网多目标优化模型,并选取华北某行政区内实际运行多年的大型供水管网作为研究对象,选用遗传算法,利用MATLAB与外部程序的接口功能,调用EPANET动态链接库,采用转化约束条件性质的方法对算法进行改进,使其适应供水管网管径选取规则。优化结果显示,优化后的管网不仅比优化前具有经济优势,其供水可靠度也有相应的提高。
Along with the social economic development and the people living standard improvement, reliability analysis and reasonable design of the municipal water distribution systems is becoming more and more important.
In this paper, based on the summary of research results of the previous study, the indicators of hydraulic reliability and the water quality reliability of municipal water distribution systems has been chosen and the corresponding computational model has also been set up. And then, according to the characteristics of the water distribution systems, a multi-objective optimization model, which is based on the hydraulic and water quality information entropy, has been established. Finally, the optimization model has been successfully applied into the optimization of practical large-scale municipal water distribution systems.
First of all, the definition, establishment and solution of the hydraulic model and water quality model of municipal water distribution systems have been analyzed. The function and the secondary development of hydraulic analysis software EPANET are introduced. Also, based on the water quality monitoring data of a water distribution systems in one campus, the partial least squares method has been used to establish the total iron and turbidity prediction model. The comparation of the monitoring data and the predicting results shows that the partial least squares water quality prediction model has good predictive effect, and it is more adaptable in solving the multiple regression problems which is always ill-solved by the ordinary regression method.
Secondly, after the analysis and synthesis of the previous reliability research of municipal water distribution systems, in this paper, the hydraulic and water quality reliability model as well as the hydraulic and water quality information entropy model are established. In the hydraulic and water quality reliability model, the ratio of available water supply quantity and the normal water demand of nodes is used to calculate the hydraulic reliability, and the standard-reaching rate of water quality of nodes is used to calculate the water quality reliability. Also, based on the information entropy principle which was introduced by Shannon, the hydraulic and water quality information entropy models are established. According to the entropy models, the reliability of the municipal water distribution systems can be indicated by the uniformity of the water supply and the water quality distribution.
Thirdly, a small municipal water distribution system has been taken as the example to simulate the reliability models which has been established in this study. The results of the analysis indicate that the reliability models not only can be well used in calculating the reliability of municipal water distribution system, but also it can be proved that the hydraulic and water quality information entropy model can be used as the alternative model of the hydraulic and water quality simulation model, and it can be better applied to the optimization design study of the complex municipal water distribution systems.
Finally, based on the economic optimization and the maximum information entropy, the multi-objective optimization model of municipal water distribution systems is established. Then a practical large scale municipal water distribution systems in the administrative region of northern China is taken as the object, the MATLAB GATools is chosen to solve the multi-objective model, and the MATLAB external program interface function is used to call the EPANET dynamic link library. Also, according to the characteristics of the water distribution systems, the constraints have been well transferred to be more adaptable to the GATools. The optimization results indicate that the multi-objective model can be well used in the optimization of the municipal water distribution systems, it can not only reduce the investment but also increase the reliability of the municipal water distribution systems.
引文
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