骨结构的有限元分析及在碰撞中的被动安全性响应
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摘要
生物力学是力学与生物学、生理学、医学等诸多学科相互结合的一门新兴边缘交叉学科。生物力学主要研究各种生命现象与所处力学环境之间的关系,设计制造各种器械、设备以改善生活质量。而有限元法是一种成熟高效的数值计算方法,特别是在骨科计算力学研究中更具有显著的优越性。本文运用数值模拟技术对髋关节、颈椎和足踝关节三种骨结构进行了三维重建,运用非线性分析方法对髋关节进行接触分析和对颈椎进行静力分析,运用碰撞理论对足踝关节进行瞬时冲击分析,具体如下:
运用逆向工程技术建立髋关节接触有限元模型,在模拟人体双足支撑平衡直立状态的工况下,分析正常和三种骨折状态下髋关节整体及接触部位的应力、应变和位移分布,得出结果:正常和三种骨折状态下接触部位的应力都不大于1Mpa,应变都不大于0.02,位移值也都不大于1mm,符合临床要求。
精确建立颈椎C3-6活动节段正常高度模型,在前屈、后伸、侧弯、轴向旋转四种载荷工况下,对退变模型及置入双Cage融合模型的生物力学参数进行测试,得出结果:双Cage有着良好的力学强度,能够重建颈椎的稳定性,满足临床颈椎椎间支撑融合的要求。
交通车辆碰撞事故中,足踝部是人体与水平地面接触的主要器官,在碰撞的瞬时承受着体重5-10倍的冲击力。高G载荷不仅能引起乘员足踝部肌肉拉伤、韧带撕裂,更容易造成胫腓骨远端骨折。本文运用静力学和动力学的方法模拟人体以直立和背伸、跖屈、内翻、外翻15°四种角度从1M高度跌落时的试验。静力学方法与动力学方法得出的结果相似,与临床骨折分型相近,验证了模型和计算方法的有效性。
As a rising edge and intersectant discipline,Biomechanics is the combination and further development of many disciplines like Mechanics,Biology,Physiology and Medical etc?The biomechanical researchs mainly rely on the relationships between life phenomena and their mechanical environment,and thus,effectively to design medical devises so as to improve life quality?And the finite element method,as a well-developed and efficient numerical method,plays a significant important and irreplaceable role in bone biomechanics?In this paper,the numerical simulation technique ie used to rebuild the 3D bone model of hip joit,cervical spine and anklebone;the nonlinear analysis method is used to calculate the contact stress of hip joit and cervical spine;the collision computational theory is used to do the transient dynamic analysis of the anklebone?
Based on reverse engineering techniques and CT imagines,the FE contact model of human hip joit is built?And under the loadstep of human being standing condition with two feet,the stress,strain,displacement of the overall model and the contact surface is analysed in healthy and three frustrue conditions?Results are as follows:the contact stress of the healthy and three frustrue model is less than 1Mpa,the strain less than 0?02,the displacement less than 1mm,which satisfies clinical demands?
C3-6 normal height disc model is precisely established with CAE method,and we can examine the biomechanical parameters of decreased disc models and Cage fusion model in anterior bent,posterior extent,lateral bent,axial rotary state? A conclusion could be gained: double Cage fusion has good mechanical strength to rebuild the stability of the cervical spine, and can meet the needs of clinical cervical interbody fusion requirements?
The anklebone bears impact forces about 5-10 times of body weigh at the happening of transportation accidents?High G loads can often result in trauma of muscle & ligament in the ankle joit,but also leads to the bone frusture of cannon,fibula,astragal bones?Thus,statics and dynamics methods are applied to simulate the falling-off experiment from 1M height in vertical condition and anteflexion,retroversion,varus,valgus 15°condition?The stress results of the statics and dynamics analysis are similar and verify the validation of the model and clinical frustrue types?
运用逆向工程技术建立髋关节接触有限元模型,在模拟人体双足支撑平衡直立状态的工况下,分析正常和三种骨折状态下髋关节整体及接触部位的应力、应变和位移分布,得出结果:正常和三种骨折状态下接触部位的应力都不大于1Mpa,应变都不大于0.02,位移值也都不大于1mm,符合临床要求。
精确建立颈椎C3-6活动节段正常高度模型,在前屈、后伸、侧弯、轴向旋转四种载荷工况下,对退变模型及置入双Cage融合模型的生物力学参数进行测试,得出结果:双Cage有着良好的力学强度,能够重建颈椎的稳定性,满足临床颈椎椎间支撑融合的要求。
交通车辆碰撞事故中,足踝部是人体与水平地面接触的主要器官,在碰撞的瞬时承受着体重5-10倍的冲击力。高G载荷不仅能引起乘员足踝部肌肉拉伤、韧带撕裂,更容易造成胫腓骨远端骨折。本文运用静力学和动力学的方法模拟人体以直立和背伸、跖屈、内翻、外翻15°四种角度从1M高度跌落时的试验。静力学方法与动力学方法得出的结果相似,与临床骨折分型相近,验证了模型和计算方法的有效性。
As a rising edge and intersectant discipline,Biomechanics is the combination and further development of many disciplines like Mechanics,Biology,Physiology and Medical etc?The biomechanical researchs mainly rely on the relationships between life phenomena and their mechanical environment,and thus,effectively to design medical devises so as to improve life quality?And the finite element method,as a well-developed and efficient numerical method,plays a significant important and irreplaceable role in bone biomechanics?In this paper,the numerical simulation technique ie used to rebuild the 3D bone model of hip joit,cervical spine and anklebone;the nonlinear analysis method is used to calculate the contact stress of hip joit and cervical spine;the collision computational theory is used to do the transient dynamic analysis of the anklebone?
Based on reverse engineering techniques and CT imagines,the FE contact model of human hip joit is built?And under the loadstep of human being standing condition with two feet,the stress,strain,displacement of the overall model and the contact surface is analysed in healthy and three frustrue conditions?Results are as follows:the contact stress of the healthy and three frustrue model is less than 1Mpa,the strain less than 0?02,the displacement less than 1mm,which satisfies clinical demands?
C3-6 normal height disc model is precisely established with CAE method,and we can examine the biomechanical parameters of decreased disc models and Cage fusion model in anterior bent,posterior extent,lateral bent,axial rotary state? A conclusion could be gained: double Cage fusion has good mechanical strength to rebuild the stability of the cervical spine, and can meet the needs of clinical cervical interbody fusion requirements?
The anklebone bears impact forces about 5-10 times of body weigh at the happening of transportation accidents?High G loads can often result in trauma of muscle & ligament in the ankle joit,but also leads to the bone frusture of cannon,fibula,astragal bones?Thus,statics and dynamics methods are applied to simulate the falling-off experiment from 1M height in vertical condition and anteflexion,retroversion,varus,valgus 15°condition?The stress results of the statics and dynamics analysis are similar and verify the validation of the model and clinical frustrue types?
引文
[1] Chao EY?Orthopaedic biomechanics?The past,present and future?Int Orthop,1996,20:239-243
[2]田心,毕平?生物力学基础?北京:科学出版社,2007?
[3]连志强,骨骼材料与结构的性能仿真及重建模拟研究:(博士学位论文)?大连理工大学,2008
[4] Zysset P K,Guo X E,Hoffler C E et al?Elastic modulus and hardness of cortical and trabecular bone lamellae measured by nanoindentation in the human femur?Journal of Biomechanics? 1999, 32(10): 1005-1012
[5] Turner C H,Rho J Y,Takano Y et al?The elastic properties of trabecular and cortical bone tissues are similar:results from two microscopic measurement techniques?Journal of Biomechanics? 1999,32(4): 437-411
[6] Hoffler C E,Guo X E,Zysset P K et al?An application of nanoindentation technique to measure bone tissue lamellae properties?Journal of Biomechanical engineering?2005,127(7):1046-1053?
[7] Duchemin L,Bousson V,Raossanaly C et al?Prediction of mechanical properties of cortical bone by quantitative computed tomography?Medical Engineering &Physici?2008,30(3):321-328?
[8] Rybicki EF,Yang KH?On the mathematical analysis of stress in the human femur?J Biomech 1972;5:203
[9] Gallagher RH,Brown TD?Finite elements in biomechanics?New Work: John Wiley&Sons,1982
[10]八木和德?二次有限元要素法による骨折の应力分布の解析
[11]王以进?不同步态下人体股骨的有限元分析.上海科技大学
[12] BrownTD,Digioia AM?A nonlinear finite element analysis of some early collapse in femoral head osteonecrosis?J Biomech?1982;15:705
[13] Chand R,Collis JS?Stress in the human knee joint?J Biomech 1976;;9:417
[14] HayesWC,Hassler CR?Axisymme tric finite element analysisofthe lateral tibial plateau?J Biomech 1978;11:21
[15]王以进?膝关节半月板的运动创伤分析?体育数学与体育系统
[16]王小同,王志彬,师宜健,等?跟骨有限元计算和分析?生物医学
[17] R?Huiskes,E Y S?Chao?骨科生物力学有限元分析头10年工作综述
[18] Gibson L J?Biomechanics of cellular solids?J Biomechanics,2005:38:377一399
[19] Hart R T?Bone modeling and remodeling:Theories and computation?In S?C?Cowin(ed?) Bone Mechanics Handbook,CRC Press?2001?
[20] Galilei G?Discorsi e dimonstratzioni matematiche,intorno a due nuove seienze attentanti alla meccanica ed a muovementi locali?Univeristy of Wisconsin Press,1638
[21] Von Meyer G H?Die arehitektur der spongiosa?Arehief f ur den anatomisehen und Physiologischen? Wissensehaften im Mediein,1867,34:615一628?
[22] Plilip M?wolfe?et al?Industrial Engineers and the Deployment of Client/Server Systems Technology,Computers Ind? Engng,Vol?29,No?1-5, pp131-134,1995
[23] Martin R B,Burr D B,Sharkey N A?Skeletal tissue mechanics?New York :Spring-Verlag,1998
[24] Roux W?Gesammelte Abhandlungen uber Entwieklungsmechanick derorganismen,vol?I and 11?Leipzig: Wilhem Engelmann,1895?
[25] Yang GT?M edical biomechanics?Bei Jing: Science Press,1994:1-92 [杨桂通?医用生物力学?北京:科学出版社,1994: 1292 ]
[26] W ang XS,Wang M,Bai RP?Research current status and prospect of the stress and remodeling adaptation models in living bone tissue? Journal of Biomedical Engineering,2001;18(3)∶479 [王西十,王岷,白瑞蒲?活骨组织应力与重建适应模型的研究现状与展望?生物医学工程学杂志,2001;18(3)∶479 ]
[27] Christopher Jacobs R,Marc Levenston E,Gary Beauprés,et al?Numerical instabilities in bone remodeling simulations: the advantages of a node-based finite element approach?Journal of Biomechanics, 1995;28 (4)∶449
[28] Polikeit A,Ferguson SJ,Nolte LP,et al?Factors influencing stresses in the lumbar spine after the insertion of intervertebral Cages:finite element analysis?Eur Spine J 2003;12(4):413-420
[29] Polikeit A,Ferguson SJ,Nolte LP,et al?The importance of the endplate for interbody Cages in the lumbar spine? Eur Spine J 2003;12 (6): 556-561
[30] Kumar N,Judith MR, Kumar A,et al?Analysis of stress distribution in lumbar interbody fusion? Spine 2005;30(15):1731-1735
[31] Kim Y?Prediction of mechanical behaviors at interfaces between bone and two interbody Cages of lumbar spine segments?Spine 2001;26(13): 1437-1442
[32] Chiang MF,Zhong ZC,Chen CS,et al?Biomechanical comparison of instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion with one or two Cages by finite element analysis?Spine 2006; 31(19): E682-E689
[33] Chen CS,Feng CK,Cheng CK,et al?Biomechanical analysis of the disc adjacent to posterolateral fusion with laminectomy in lumbar spine? J Spinal Disord Tech 2005;18(1):58-65
[34] Jw?Obsborn?An investigation into the interdental forces occurring between the teeth of the same arch during clenching the jaws?Arch Oral Biol 1961,(5):202-211?
[35]侯铁胜,屠开元,徐印坎,等?椎间盘切除对运动学影响的实验研究?中华外科杂志,1989,27:88.
[36] Hou TS,Tu KY,Xu YK,et al?Effect of partial discectomy on the stability of the lumbar spine:a study of kinematics?Chin Med J,1990,103:396?
[37]戴力扬?手术引起的脊椎不稳?中华骨科杂志,1989,9:143?
[38]侯铁胜,屠开元,徐印坎,等?椎间盘切除对应力分布影响的实验研究?中华外科杂志,1990?10:363?
[39]侯铁胜,王惠聪?椎间盘部分切除对应力分布影响的有限元分析?生物医学工程学杂志,1991,8:133?
[40]戴力扬,屠开元,徐印坎,等?椎间盘切除对应力分布影响的研究?中华外科杂志,1991,29:126
[41] Dai L Y,Xu K Y,Zhang W M,et al?Changes of ultimate compression loading of lumbar spine after posterior element resection ?J Biomed Eng,1992?105:11?
[42]牛文鑫,丁祖泉?三种三维有限元建模方法在跟骨模型建立中的应用和比较[J]?医用生物力学,2007,22(4): 345-350?
[43] Sachin P?Budhabhatt,i AhmetErdemir,Marc Petre,et al?Finite elementmodeling of the firstray of the foot: A tool for the design of interventions[J]? Journal of Biomechanical Engineering,2007, 129:750-756
[44] Kristen KH,Berger K,Berger C,et al?The First Metatarsa Bone Under Loading Conditions: A Finite Element Analysis[J]?Foot Ankle Clin N Am, 2005, 10: 1-14?
[45]潘朝晖,王剑利,蒋萍萍,等?跖骨缺损及重建的有限元分析[J]?医用生物力学,2004,19(3): 166-169?
[46]吴立军,钟世镇,李义凯,等?扁平足第二跖纵弓疲劳损伤的生物力学机制[ J]?中华医学杂志, 2004, 84(12): 1000 1004?
[47]刘立峰,蔡锦方,梁进?骨折后后关节面压缩的跟骨与距骨在步态过程应力分布的三维有限元研[J]?解放军医学杂志,2003;28(11): 1011-1013?
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[56] Ota T,Yamamoto I,Morita R?Fracture simulation of the femoral bone using the finite-elementmethod: how a fracture initiates and proceeds [ J]? J Bone Mine Metab, 1999, 17(2): 1008~12?
[57]杜东鹏,张克华,葛宝丰,等?腰椎疲劳骨折的有限元分析[J]?中国临床解剖学杂志,1999,17(3): 268~9?
[58] TschirhartCE,NagpurkarA,Whyne CM?Effects of tumor location,shape and surface serration on burst fracture risk in the metastatic spine[J]?J Biomech,2004,37 (5):653~60?
[2]田心,毕平?生物力学基础?北京:科学出版社,2007?
[3]连志强,骨骼材料与结构的性能仿真及重建模拟研究:(博士学位论文)?大连理工大学,2008
[4] Zysset P K,Guo X E,Hoffler C E et al?Elastic modulus and hardness of cortical and trabecular bone lamellae measured by nanoindentation in the human femur?Journal of Biomechanics? 1999, 32(10): 1005-1012
[5] Turner C H,Rho J Y,Takano Y et al?The elastic properties of trabecular and cortical bone tissues are similar:results from two microscopic measurement techniques?Journal of Biomechanics? 1999,32(4): 437-411
[6] Hoffler C E,Guo X E,Zysset P K et al?An application of nanoindentation technique to measure bone tissue lamellae properties?Journal of Biomechanical engineering?2005,127(7):1046-1053?
[7] Duchemin L,Bousson V,Raossanaly C et al?Prediction of mechanical properties of cortical bone by quantitative computed tomography?Medical Engineering &Physici?2008,30(3):321-328?
[8] Rybicki EF,Yang KH?On the mathematical analysis of stress in the human femur?J Biomech 1972;5:203
[9] Gallagher RH,Brown TD?Finite elements in biomechanics?New Work: John Wiley&Sons,1982
[10]八木和德?二次有限元要素法による骨折の应力分布の解析
[11]王以进?不同步态下人体股骨的有限元分析.上海科技大学
[12] BrownTD,Digioia AM?A nonlinear finite element analysis of some early collapse in femoral head osteonecrosis?J Biomech?1982;15:705
[13] Chand R,Collis JS?Stress in the human knee joint?J Biomech 1976;;9:417
[14] HayesWC,Hassler CR?Axisymme tric finite element analysisofthe lateral tibial plateau?J Biomech 1978;11:21
[15]王以进?膝关节半月板的运动创伤分析?体育数学与体育系统
[16]王小同,王志彬,师宜健,等?跟骨有限元计算和分析?生物医学
[17] R?Huiskes,E Y S?Chao?骨科生物力学有限元分析头10年工作综述
[18] Gibson L J?Biomechanics of cellular solids?J Biomechanics,2005:38:377一399
[19] Hart R T?Bone modeling and remodeling:Theories and computation?In S?C?Cowin(ed?) Bone Mechanics Handbook,CRC Press?2001?
[20] Galilei G?Discorsi e dimonstratzioni matematiche,intorno a due nuove seienze attentanti alla meccanica ed a muovementi locali?Univeristy of Wisconsin Press,1638
[21] Von Meyer G H?Die arehitektur der spongiosa?Arehief f ur den anatomisehen und Physiologischen? Wissensehaften im Mediein,1867,34:615一628?
[22] Plilip M?wolfe?et al?Industrial Engineers and the Deployment of Client/Server Systems Technology,Computers Ind? Engng,Vol?29,No?1-5, pp131-134,1995
[23] Martin R B,Burr D B,Sharkey N A?Skeletal tissue mechanics?New York :Spring-Verlag,1998
[24] Roux W?Gesammelte Abhandlungen uber Entwieklungsmechanick derorganismen,vol?I and 11?Leipzig: Wilhem Engelmann,1895?
[25] Yang GT?M edical biomechanics?Bei Jing: Science Press,1994:1-92 [杨桂通?医用生物力学?北京:科学出版社,1994: 1292 ]
[26] W ang XS,Wang M,Bai RP?Research current status and prospect of the stress and remodeling adaptation models in living bone tissue? Journal of Biomedical Engineering,2001;18(3)∶479 [王西十,王岷,白瑞蒲?活骨组织应力与重建适应模型的研究现状与展望?生物医学工程学杂志,2001;18(3)∶479 ]
[27] Christopher Jacobs R,Marc Levenston E,Gary Beauprés,et al?Numerical instabilities in bone remodeling simulations: the advantages of a node-based finite element approach?Journal of Biomechanics, 1995;28 (4)∶449
[28] Polikeit A,Ferguson SJ,Nolte LP,et al?Factors influencing stresses in the lumbar spine after the insertion of intervertebral Cages:finite element analysis?Eur Spine J 2003;12(4):413-420
[29] Polikeit A,Ferguson SJ,Nolte LP,et al?The importance of the endplate for interbody Cages in the lumbar spine? Eur Spine J 2003;12 (6): 556-561
[30] Kumar N,Judith MR, Kumar A,et al?Analysis of stress distribution in lumbar interbody fusion? Spine 2005;30(15):1731-1735
[31] Kim Y?Prediction of mechanical behaviors at interfaces between bone and two interbody Cages of lumbar spine segments?Spine 2001;26(13): 1437-1442
[32] Chiang MF,Zhong ZC,Chen CS,et al?Biomechanical comparison of instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion with one or two Cages by finite element analysis?Spine 2006; 31(19): E682-E689
[33] Chen CS,Feng CK,Cheng CK,et al?Biomechanical analysis of the disc adjacent to posterolateral fusion with laminectomy in lumbar spine? J Spinal Disord Tech 2005;18(1):58-65
[34] Jw?Obsborn?An investigation into the interdental forces occurring between the teeth of the same arch during clenching the jaws?Arch Oral Biol 1961,(5):202-211?
[35]侯铁胜,屠开元,徐印坎,等?椎间盘切除对运动学影响的实验研究?中华外科杂志,1989,27:88.
[36] Hou TS,Tu KY,Xu YK,et al?Effect of partial discectomy on the stability of the lumbar spine:a study of kinematics?Chin Med J,1990,103:396?
[37]戴力扬?手术引起的脊椎不稳?中华骨科杂志,1989,9:143?
[38]侯铁胜,屠开元,徐印坎,等?椎间盘切除对应力分布影响的实验研究?中华外科杂志,1990?10:363?
[39]侯铁胜,王惠聪?椎间盘部分切除对应力分布影响的有限元分析?生物医学工程学杂志,1991,8:133?
[40]戴力扬,屠开元,徐印坎,等?椎间盘切除对应力分布影响的研究?中华外科杂志,1991,29:126
[41] Dai L Y,Xu K Y,Zhang W M,et al?Changes of ultimate compression loading of lumbar spine after posterior element resection ?J Biomed Eng,1992?105:11?
[42]牛文鑫,丁祖泉?三种三维有限元建模方法在跟骨模型建立中的应用和比较[J]?医用生物力学,2007,22(4): 345-350?
[43] Sachin P?Budhabhatt,i AhmetErdemir,Marc Petre,et al?Finite elementmodeling of the firstray of the foot: A tool for the design of interventions[J]? Journal of Biomechanical Engineering,2007, 129:750-756
[44] Kristen KH,Berger K,Berger C,et al?The First Metatarsa Bone Under Loading Conditions: A Finite Element Analysis[J]?Foot Ankle Clin N Am, 2005, 10: 1-14?
[45]潘朝晖,王剑利,蒋萍萍,等?跖骨缺损及重建的有限元分析[J]?医用生物力学,2004,19(3): 166-169?
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