低压大电流状态下开关磁阻电机驱动系统的研究
摘要
开关磁阻电机是一种区别于传统交流电机,具有双凸极结构的新型电机。其工作原理简单,却具有结构坚固、功率密度高、高效率低成本等一系列优点,具有较大的研究应用价值。在现实应用中,考虑到电动自行车驱动系统具有控制灵活、高效低损耗、续航里程大、运行可靠、维护简单等一系列要求,所以探索适合于电动车低压大电流工作状态下开关磁阻电机驱动系统的应用前景具有重要意义。
本文主要致力在低压大电流工作状态下一种基于新型变换器的电动自行车用开关磁阻电机(Switched Reluctance Motor,简称SRM)系统的可行性研究,目标是为该系统设计的可行性提供较为完整的理论基础。考虑电动车用SRM的运行特点,本文应用基于电磁、铁损的电磁设计流程,采用有限元分析法,在JMAG-Studio软件中建立了12/8 SRM电机的2D有限元模型,仿真获得了该电机的磁场分布及一系列静态、动态特性,优化并研制了该驱动系统的实验样机。针对该电机结构,分析了不对称半桥电路、中间电容式电路、裂相式电路等典型SRM功率变换器主电路的优缺点,设计了系统仿真模型,应用磁参法在MATLAB/SUMLINK非线性模型平台中对各种SRM的功率变换器主电路拓扑进行仿真分析,最终确定采用C-dump电路进行实验设计,在低压大电流工作状态时,优化该电路工作参数,能够实现电动车驱动系统高效可靠运行。建立了C-dump变换器SRM研究与实验平台,与传统不对称半桥结构的驱动系统进行了实验对比。
基于DSC芯片dspPIC30F3011开发了针对新型变换器的电动自行车驱动系统的软硬件,实现了电动自行车的多项功能,如巡航定速、刹车断电、过欠压保护、过温保护,验证了仿真参数优化的效果,达到了预期的目标。
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a late-model motor whose working principle is different from traditional AC electrical machines and that has a double salient construction.Although the motor has a simple working principle,we can benefit a lot from its sturdy construction, high power desity and high quality.In view of requirement of variable control methods,high quality,long mileage, high reliability and simple maintenance that E-bike claimed,the research on the SRM that equipped on the E-bike is of a great importance.
This paper focuses on basic research for proper application of Bicycle SRM systems, in order to lay out the foundation for the Bicycle SRM system design and engineering application. In condition of equipped on the bicycles, a multi-parameter integrated design method for designing srm has been brung forward in this paper, on the basis of regular electromagnetic design process and the finite element calculation of multi-physics field. The method comprises of electromagnetic design, loss calculation and so on. According to the special SRM path and using finite element method (FEM), the 2D model was set up in JAMG-studio. The magnetic field distribution and static/dynamic characteristics were obtained. The advantages and disadvantages of varies typical main circuit of SRM power converters, such as the asymmetrical half-bridge, split-phase main circuit are analyzed. A nonlinear Magnetization Data method was employed to develop the SRM drive system on the matlab platform. Finally C-dump converter was adopted to build the experimental platform. The experimental results were analyzed compared to the asymmetrical half-bridge system.
Last, the essay builds a platform of the electric bicycle drive system using DSC chip dspPIC30F3011, achieve the electric bicycle’s many functions such as cruising speed, broken-electricity brake and the protection for over voltage, under voltage, over temperature of power module, and carry out the experiment to verifying the simulated parameter optimization effect. And the sample system achieves the expected object.
本文主要致力在低压大电流工作状态下一种基于新型变换器的电动自行车用开关磁阻电机(Switched Reluctance Motor,简称SRM)系统的可行性研究,目标是为该系统设计的可行性提供较为完整的理论基础。考虑电动车用SRM的运行特点,本文应用基于电磁、铁损的电磁设计流程,采用有限元分析法,在JMAG-Studio软件中建立了12/8 SRM电机的2D有限元模型,仿真获得了该电机的磁场分布及一系列静态、动态特性,优化并研制了该驱动系统的实验样机。针对该电机结构,分析了不对称半桥电路、中间电容式电路、裂相式电路等典型SRM功率变换器主电路的优缺点,设计了系统仿真模型,应用磁参法在MATLAB/SUMLINK非线性模型平台中对各种SRM的功率变换器主电路拓扑进行仿真分析,最终确定采用C-dump电路进行实验设计,在低压大电流工作状态时,优化该电路工作参数,能够实现电动车驱动系统高效可靠运行。建立了C-dump变换器SRM研究与实验平台,与传统不对称半桥结构的驱动系统进行了实验对比。
基于DSC芯片dspPIC30F3011开发了针对新型变换器的电动自行车驱动系统的软硬件,实现了电动自行车的多项功能,如巡航定速、刹车断电、过欠压保护、过温保护,验证了仿真参数优化的效果,达到了预期的目标。
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a late-model motor whose working principle is different from traditional AC electrical machines and that has a double salient construction.Although the motor has a simple working principle,we can benefit a lot from its sturdy construction, high power desity and high quality.In view of requirement of variable control methods,high quality,long mileage, high reliability and simple maintenance that E-bike claimed,the research on the SRM that equipped on the E-bike is of a great importance.
This paper focuses on basic research for proper application of Bicycle SRM systems, in order to lay out the foundation for the Bicycle SRM system design and engineering application. In condition of equipped on the bicycles, a multi-parameter integrated design method for designing srm has been brung forward in this paper, on the basis of regular electromagnetic design process and the finite element calculation of multi-physics field. The method comprises of electromagnetic design, loss calculation and so on. According to the special SRM path and using finite element method (FEM), the 2D model was set up in JAMG-studio. The magnetic field distribution and static/dynamic characteristics were obtained. The advantages and disadvantages of varies typical main circuit of SRM power converters, such as the asymmetrical half-bridge, split-phase main circuit are analyzed. A nonlinear Magnetization Data method was employed to develop the SRM drive system on the matlab platform. Finally C-dump converter was adopted to build the experimental platform. The experimental results were analyzed compared to the asymmetrical half-bridge system.
Last, the essay builds a platform of the electric bicycle drive system using DSC chip dspPIC30F3011, achieve the electric bicycle’s many functions such as cruising speed, broken-electricity brake and the protection for over voltage, under voltage, over temperature of power module, and carry out the experiment to verifying the simulated parameter optimization effect. And the sample system achieves the expected object.
引文
[1]陈清泉,现代电动车、电机驱动及电力电子技术,北京,机械工业出版社,2005
[2] Rahman K M, Fahimi B, Suresh G, et al. Advantages of switched reluctance motor applications to EV and HEV: design and control issues, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2000, 36(1):111-121.
[3] Uematsu T,Wallace R S. Design of a 100 kW switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle propulsion. Conference Proceedings of Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1995. APEC'95, vol.1:411-415.
[4] Kachapornkul S, Jitkreeyarn P, Somsiri P, et al. A design of 15 kW switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle applications. International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS, 2007:1690-1693.
[5]詹琼华,马志源,郭伟,电动汽车用20kW开关磁阻电动机的设计与试验研究,电机与控制学报,1999,3(3):161-180.
[6] Krishnan R, Bharadwaj A S. A comparative study of various motor drive systems for aircraft applications. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991, vol.1:252-258.
[7]刘迪吉,张焕春,傅丰礼等,开关磁阻调速电动机,北京,机械工业出版社,1994.
[8] Sayeed Mir,Iqbal Husain, Malik E.Elbuluk, Energy Efficient C-dump Converters For Switched Reluctance Motors, 1996 IEEE.
[9] Kyu-Dong Kim, Doo-Jin shin, Uk-Youl Huh. Application modified C-dump converter for industrial low voltage SRM. IEEE International Symposium on industrial Electronics, 2001. Proceedings. Page(s):1804– 1809.
[10] Yong-Ho Yoon, Sang-Hoon Song, Tae-Won Lee, Chung-Yuen Won, Gyu-Sik Kim, High Performance Control of C-dump Converters fed Switched Reluctance Motor For Automobiles, 2004 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.
[11]冬雷,基于开关磁阻电机系统的电动车辆驱动及相关技术研究与实践[博士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2000年.
[12]刘闯,开关磁阻电机起动/发电系统理论研究与工程实践,[博士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2000.
[13] Krishnan R, Bharadwaj A S. A comparative study of various motor drive systems for aircraftapplications. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991, vol.1:252-258.
[14]王宏华,开关磁阻电动机调速控制技术,北京,机械工业出版社,1995:34~40.
[15] Krishnan R D. Blanding, Bhanot A, et al. High reliability SRM driver system for aerospace application. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON’03, 2003, vol.2:1110-1115.
[16] Kachapornkul S, Jitkreeyarn P, Somsiri P, et al. A design of 15 kW switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle applications. International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS, 2007:1690-1693.
[17]陈昊,樊小明,朱学忠,开关磁阻电动机的换相基本理论与实践,南京航空航天大学学报,1996,28(4):492-498.
[18]詹琼华,开关磁阻电动机,武汉,华中理工大学出版社,1992.
[19] Wang Xilian,Zhang Yihuang,Wang Xudong,Optional-angle Controller of Switched Reluctance Motor Based on EPROM,Proceedings of the fifth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2001,Vol.1:600~603.
[20]刘迪吉,曲民兴,朱学忠等,开关磁阻发电机,南京航空航天大学学报,2003年,35(2):1~6
[21]陈世坤.电机设计[M].西安:机械工业出版社,2000.
[22]王凤翔.高速电机的设计特点及相关技术研究[N].沈阳工业大学学报,2006 ,28(3):258~264.
[23]杨丽,刘闯,严加根.开关磁阻电机铁损的双频法有限元计算研究[N].电机工程学报,2006,26(12):117~121.
[24]吴建华.开关磁阻电机设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.171~179.
[25]周强.高速开关磁阻电机的关键技术研究与实践.博士论文.2009.
[26]刘迪吉.航空电机学[M].航空工业出版社,1992.
[27]叶勇.开关磁阻电机新型控制及其调速系统浙江大学硕士学位论文2004
[28]赵修科.实用电源技术手册/磁性元器件分册,辽宁科学技术出版社,2002,39.
[29]李文生.气隙大小对混合式步进电机转矩的影响[J].通信电源技术,2006,23(4).
[30]李俊卿,李和明.开关磁阻电机发展综述[N].华北电力大学学报,2002,29(1).
[31]孙键.6/2结构高速开关磁阻电机的研究与实现[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[32] M. Ehsani, I. Husain, K.R.Ramani, and J.H.Galloway, Dual-decay converter for switched reluctance motor drives for low-voltage applications, IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol.8, pp. 224-230, Apr.1993.
[33] Krishnan R, Bharadwaj A S. A comparative study of various motor drive systems for aircraft applications. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991, vol.1:252-258.
[34] Silverio Bolognani, Enrico Omibeni, Mauto Zigliotto, Sliding mode control of the energy recovery chopper in a C-dump switched reluctance motor drive, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol.29, Jan./Fed. 1993.
[35] G.H.Rim, K.C.Lee and W.Kang, Comparisons of converter Topologies for Switched Reluctance Motors, Joumal of KIEE, vol.6.pp.19.Sept, 1993.
[36] Rajarathnam, A.V.Rahman, K.M. Ehsani, M., Improvement of Hysteresis Control in Switched Reluctance Motor Drives, International Conference IEMD 99, pp.537-539, 1999.
[37]刘闯,严利,严加根,刘迪吉.开关磁阻电机非线性磁参数建模方法.南京航空航天大学学报,2007, 39(6): 706-710.
[38]林鹤云,周鹗,黄建中,开关磁阻电机磁场有限元分析与铁耗计算,电工技术学报,1996,11(1):24-29.
[39]周强,朱学忠,刘闯,基于JMAG的开关磁阻电动机场路直接耦合分析,微电机,2007,40(10):1-5.
[40] Chong-Chul Kim Jin Hur Dong-Seok Hyun, Simulation of a Switched Reluctance Motors Using. Matlab/M-file[C],IECON’02 2002,2(5):1066-1071.
[41]杨丽,开关磁阻电机的损耗及热分析研究[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2006年.
[42]刘闯,朱学忠,李磊等,开关磁阻发电机的脉宽调整控制,南京航空航天大学学报,2000,32(3):245-250.
[43] Uematsu T,Wallace R S. Design of a 100 kW switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle propulsion. Conference Proceedings of Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1995. APEC'95, vol.1:411-415.
[44]李声晋,卢刚,马瑞卿等,开关磁阻组合起动/发电机设计及试验,电机工程学报,2000,20 (2):10-14.
[45]刘闯,朱学忠,曹志亮等,6kW开关磁阻起动/发电机系统设计及实现,南京航空航天大学学报,2000,16(1):1-5.
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[48]刘闯,开关磁阻电机起动/发电系统理论研究与工程实践,[博士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2000.
[49]朱学忠,刘闯,刘迪吉,开关磁阻电机发电运行的角度位置控制,南京航空航天大学学报,2001,33(1):64-67.
[50] P.P.Acarnley, et al. Detection of Rotor Position in Stepping and Switched Reluctance Motors by Monitoring of Current Waveforms. IEEE Tran.on IE-32 No.3, 1985.8
[51]周春,基于DSP的开关磁阻电机调速系统实验平台设计,硕士论文,浙江大学,2004。
[2] Rahman K M, Fahimi B, Suresh G, et al. Advantages of switched reluctance motor applications to EV and HEV: design and control issues, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2000, 36(1):111-121.
[3] Uematsu T,Wallace R S. Design of a 100 kW switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle propulsion. Conference Proceedings of Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1995. APEC'95, vol.1:411-415.
[4] Kachapornkul S, Jitkreeyarn P, Somsiri P, et al. A design of 15 kW switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle applications. International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS, 2007:1690-1693.
[5]詹琼华,马志源,郭伟,电动汽车用20kW开关磁阻电动机的设计与试验研究,电机与控制学报,1999,3(3):161-180.
[6] Krishnan R, Bharadwaj A S. A comparative study of various motor drive systems for aircraft applications. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991, vol.1:252-258.
[7]刘迪吉,张焕春,傅丰礼等,开关磁阻调速电动机,北京,机械工业出版社,1994.
[8] Sayeed Mir,Iqbal Husain, Malik E.Elbuluk, Energy Efficient C-dump Converters For Switched Reluctance Motors, 1996 IEEE.
[9] Kyu-Dong Kim, Doo-Jin shin, Uk-Youl Huh. Application modified C-dump converter for industrial low voltage SRM. IEEE International Symposium on industrial Electronics, 2001. Proceedings. Page(s):1804– 1809.
[10] Yong-Ho Yoon, Sang-Hoon Song, Tae-Won Lee, Chung-Yuen Won, Gyu-Sik Kim, High Performance Control of C-dump Converters fed Switched Reluctance Motor For Automobiles, 2004 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.
[11]冬雷,基于开关磁阻电机系统的电动车辆驱动及相关技术研究与实践[博士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2000年.
[12]刘闯,开关磁阻电机起动/发电系统理论研究与工程实践,[博士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2000.
[13] Krishnan R, Bharadwaj A S. A comparative study of various motor drive systems for aircraftapplications. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991, vol.1:252-258.
[14]王宏华,开关磁阻电动机调速控制技术,北京,机械工业出版社,1995:34~40.
[15] Krishnan R D. Blanding, Bhanot A, et al. High reliability SRM driver system for aerospace application. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON’03, 2003, vol.2:1110-1115.
[16] Kachapornkul S, Jitkreeyarn P, Somsiri P, et al. A design of 15 kW switched reluctance motor for electric vehicle applications. International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS, 2007:1690-1693.
[17]陈昊,樊小明,朱学忠,开关磁阻电动机的换相基本理论与实践,南京航空航天大学学报,1996,28(4):492-498.
[18]詹琼华,开关磁阻电动机,武汉,华中理工大学出版社,1992.
[19] Wang Xilian,Zhang Yihuang,Wang Xudong,Optional-angle Controller of Switched Reluctance Motor Based on EPROM,Proceedings of the fifth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,2001,Vol.1:600~603.
[20]刘迪吉,曲民兴,朱学忠等,开关磁阻发电机,南京航空航天大学学报,2003年,35(2):1~6
[21]陈世坤.电机设计[M].西安:机械工业出版社,2000.
[22]王凤翔.高速电机的设计特点及相关技术研究[N].沈阳工业大学学报,2006 ,28(3):258~264.
[23]杨丽,刘闯,严加根.开关磁阻电机铁损的双频法有限元计算研究[N].电机工程学报,2006,26(12):117~121.
[24]吴建华.开关磁阻电机设计与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.171~179.
[25]周强.高速开关磁阻电机的关键技术研究与实践.博士论文.2009.
[26]刘迪吉.航空电机学[M].航空工业出版社,1992.
[27]叶勇.开关磁阻电机新型控制及其调速系统浙江大学硕士学位论文2004
[28]赵修科.实用电源技术手册/磁性元器件分册,辽宁科学技术出版社,2002,39.
[29]李文生.气隙大小对混合式步进电机转矩的影响[J].通信电源技术,2006,23(4).
[30]李俊卿,李和明.开关磁阻电机发展综述[N].华北电力大学学报,2002,29(1).
[31]孙键.6/2结构高速开关磁阻电机的研究与实现[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007.
[32] M. Ehsani, I. Husain, K.R.Ramani, and J.H.Galloway, Dual-decay converter for switched reluctance motor drives for low-voltage applications, IEEE Trans. Power Electron, vol.8, pp. 224-230, Apr.1993.
[33] Krishnan R, Bharadwaj A S. A comparative study of various motor drive systems for aircraft applications. IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1991, vol.1:252-258.
[34] Silverio Bolognani, Enrico Omibeni, Mauto Zigliotto, Sliding mode control of the energy recovery chopper in a C-dump switched reluctance motor drive, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol.29, Jan./Fed. 1993.
[35] G.H.Rim, K.C.Lee and W.Kang, Comparisons of converter Topologies for Switched Reluctance Motors, Joumal of KIEE, vol.6.pp.19.Sept, 1993.
[36] Rajarathnam, A.V.Rahman, K.M. Ehsani, M., Improvement of Hysteresis Control in Switched Reluctance Motor Drives, International Conference IEMD 99, pp.537-539, 1999.
[37]刘闯,严利,严加根,刘迪吉.开关磁阻电机非线性磁参数建模方法.南京航空航天大学学报,2007, 39(6): 706-710.
[38]林鹤云,周鹗,黄建中,开关磁阻电机磁场有限元分析与铁耗计算,电工技术学报,1996,11(1):24-29.
[39]周强,朱学忠,刘闯,基于JMAG的开关磁阻电动机场路直接耦合分析,微电机,2007,40(10):1-5.
[40] Chong-Chul Kim Jin Hur Dong-Seok Hyun, Simulation of a Switched Reluctance Motors Using. Matlab/M-file[C],IECON’02 2002,2(5):1066-1071.
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