风力发电机系统变速恒频控制器的研究与设计
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摘要
目前,能源危机与环境污染已经备受关注,被各个国家提上纪事日程。在众多的新能源中,风能以它可再生、清洁、无污染等特点受到人们的青睐。在风力发电技术上也从独立型逐渐向并网型转变,因此并网技术已成为主流。
由于变速恒频具有发电量大,对风电场风速的变化适应性好具有较高的叶尖速比等优点,所以变速恒频必然会取代恒速恒频。实现变速恒频的风力发电机组有很多种,其中永磁同步直驱式风力发电机由于不需要齿轮箱,因而改善风能转换效率,减小维护,降低了噪音,提高可靠性,本文以永磁同步直驱式发电系统为研究对象。
本文针对永磁同步直驱式发电双PWM变换器系统,首先在对变速恒频理论研究的基础上,对风力机的数学模型进行了分析,完成了对风力机的最大风力跟踪模拟仿真。由于发电机发出的电随着风速的不断变化,因此就靠控制变换器来实现恒压恒频的电压并送入电网。其次在对永磁同步发电机和变换器的数学模型研究的基础上提出了对整流侧和电网侧变换器分开控制,控制整流器来控制发电机的转速,控制逆变器来实现稳压和恒频的向电网输送电压。并对逆变器侧的直流电容和电感选值给出了范围,在这些理论基础上对逆变器进行了MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真,给出了仿真结果。
在前面理论分析的基础上,针对逆变器部分做了硬件和软件的设计。选用智能功率模块(IPM)作为逆变器,采用霍尔电压、电流传感器实现了对电压电流的采样,控制器选用TMS320F2407A,并制作了对采样信号处理电路板、PWM信号处理电路板和传感器电路板,编写了程序。
Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, which was put on the agenda Chronicle by each country. In many new energies, people concern on the wind energy which has many advantages: renewable、clean、no pollution and so on. Technically in the wind power changed from independent to the grid-connected gradually, so the grid-connected has been turned to the main of the wind energy generation.
As vary speed constant frequency (VSCF) can generate more energy、adapt the vary wind speed and have better tip-speed ratio, so it must instead the constant speed constant frequency direct drive wind energy generation system. There are many kinds of VSCF wind energy generation system, this dissertation study on the permanent magnetic Synchronous generator, which has many advantages: it can improve the transition ratio of wind、little accident、reduce the noise、increase the reliability and do not need the gear-box.
This dissertation mainly talks about the double PWM converter of the direct drive wind energy generation system, firstly, based on the VSCF, analyses the mathematic model of the Wind turbine, then complete the simulation. As the power is vary follow the wind speed, so we must control the converter in order to the output power is constant voltage and constant frequency (CVCF). Second based on the study mathematic of the permanent magnetic Synchronous generator and the converter, independently control the generator converter and the grid converter, the speed of the generator is controlled by the converter of the generator, and control the converter of the grid is order to access the constant voltage and the constant frequency which delivers to the power grid. And choose the dimension of the resistance and inductance, based on the front analysis, complete the simulation and the result is given.
Based on the front theory analysis, design the hardware and the software of the inverter. The intelligent power module (IPM) as the inverter, sampling circuit
uses the Hall sensor, the controller is TMS320F2407A, and made the PCB of the sampling signal processing、PWM signal processing and the sampling circuit,write the program.
由于变速恒频具有发电量大,对风电场风速的变化适应性好具有较高的叶尖速比等优点,所以变速恒频必然会取代恒速恒频。实现变速恒频的风力发电机组有很多种,其中永磁同步直驱式风力发电机由于不需要齿轮箱,因而改善风能转换效率,减小维护,降低了噪音,提高可靠性,本文以永磁同步直驱式发电系统为研究对象。
本文针对永磁同步直驱式发电双PWM变换器系统,首先在对变速恒频理论研究的基础上,对风力机的数学模型进行了分析,完成了对风力机的最大风力跟踪模拟仿真。由于发电机发出的电随着风速的不断变化,因此就靠控制变换器来实现恒压恒频的电压并送入电网。其次在对永磁同步发电机和变换器的数学模型研究的基础上提出了对整流侧和电网侧变换器分开控制,控制整流器来控制发电机的转速,控制逆变器来实现稳压和恒频的向电网输送电压。并对逆变器侧的直流电容和电感选值给出了范围,在这些理论基础上对逆变器进行了MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真,给出了仿真结果。
在前面理论分析的基础上,针对逆变器部分做了硬件和软件的设计。选用智能功率模块(IPM)作为逆变器,采用霍尔电压、电流传感器实现了对电压电流的采样,控制器选用TMS320F2407A,并制作了对采样信号处理电路板、PWM信号处理电路板和传感器电路板,编写了程序。
Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, which was put on the agenda Chronicle by each country. In many new energies, people concern on the wind energy which has many advantages: renewable、clean、no pollution and so on. Technically in the wind power changed from independent to the grid-connected gradually, so the grid-connected has been turned to the main of the wind energy generation.
As vary speed constant frequency (VSCF) can generate more energy、adapt the vary wind speed and have better tip-speed ratio, so it must instead the constant speed constant frequency direct drive wind energy generation system. There are many kinds of VSCF wind energy generation system, this dissertation study on the permanent magnetic Synchronous generator, which has many advantages: it can improve the transition ratio of wind、little accident、reduce the noise、increase the reliability and do not need the gear-box.
This dissertation mainly talks about the double PWM converter of the direct drive wind energy generation system, firstly, based on the VSCF, analyses the mathematic model of the Wind turbine, then complete the simulation. As the power is vary follow the wind speed, so we must control the converter in order to the output power is constant voltage and constant frequency (CVCF). Second based on the study mathematic of the permanent magnetic Synchronous generator and the converter, independently control the generator converter and the grid converter, the speed of the generator is controlled by the converter of the generator, and control the converter of the grid is order to access the constant voltage and the constant frequency which delivers to the power grid. And choose the dimension of the resistance and inductance, based on the front analysis, complete the simulation and the result is given.
Based on the front theory analysis, design the hardware and the software of the inverter. The intelligent power module (IPM) as the inverter, sampling circuit
uses the Hall sensor, the controller is TMS320F2407A, and made the PCB of the sampling signal processing、PWM signal processing and the sampling circuit,write the program.
引文
[1] 盛超华. 我国风电产业的发展趋势. 上海建材. 2007(2):24-25
[2] 刁瑞盛,徐政,常勇. 几种常见风力发电系统的技术比较. 新能源及工艺. 2006(2):20-25
[3] 周鹤良. 我国风力发电产业发展前景与策略. 上海电力. 2007 年(1)
[4] 许洪华,郭金东,鄂春良. 世界风电技术发展趋势和我国未来风电发展探讨. 电力设备. 2005,6(10)
[5] 于建辉,周浩. 我国风电开发的现状及展望. 风电技术. 2006 年(6)
[6] 李亚西,武鑫,赵斌,许洪华. 世界风力发电现状及发展趋势. 太阳能. 2004 年(1)
[7] 苏绍禹. 风力发电设计与运行维护. 中国电力出版社. 2002:58-62
[8] 李永东,苑国锋. 中国风力发电的发展现状和前景. 电气时代. 2006 年(3)
[9] 赵大庆,王莹,韩玺山. 风力发电场的主要环境问题. 环境保护科学. 2005,21(3):66-67
[10] 王超,张怀宇,王辛慧,李天柱. 风力发电技术及其发展方向. 电站系统工程. 2006,22:10-13
[11] 叶杭冶. 风力发电机组的控制技术. 机械工业出版社
[12] 张希良. 风能的开发与利用. 化学工业出版社. 2005
[13] 马洪飞,徐殿国. 几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析. 电工技术杂志. 2000(10):1-4
[14] 王承煦,张源. 风力发电. 北京:中国电力出版社. 2002:120-230.
[15] 马洪飞,许殿国,苗立杰. 几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析. 电工技术杂志. 2000(10)
[16] 刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德. 变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制. 电力系统及其自动化. 2003(10):62-67
[17] 潘文霞,艾斯长尔,史林军,庄敏辉. 变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的分析与比较. 太阳能. 2004,6.
[18] 卞松江. 变速恒频双馈风力发电关键技术研究. 浙江大学博士论文. 2003
[19] 金玉洁,毛承雄,王丹,曾杰. 直驱式风力发电系统的应用分析. 能源工程. 2006,3:29-33
[20] 姜兴华. 直驱式风力发电机组变桨系统控制模型. 金风科技
[21] ZhangX F, XuD P, LiuY B. Adaptive optimal fuzzy control for variable speed fixed pitch wind turbines[C]. Proceedings of the 5thWorld Congress on IntelligentControlandAutomation, China, 2004: 2481-2485
[22] Senjyu T, SakamotoR, UrasakiN. Output power leveling of wind turbine generator for all operating regions by pitch angle control [ J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, June 2006, 21(2): 467-475
[23] 顾鑫,惠晶. 风力发电机组控制系统的研究分析. 华东电力. 2007,35(2):64-68.
[24] 陈伯时. 自动控制系统. 北京:机械工业出版社. 1981
[25] 陈伯时,陈敏逊. 交流调速系统. 北京:机械工业出版社. 1998
[26] 尹明,李庚银,张建成,赵巍然,薛轶峰. 直驱式永磁同步风力发电机组建模及其控制策略. 电网技术. 2007,31(15)
[27] Prioual P, Pouliquen H , Louis J P . Non Linear Control of PWM Rectifier by State Feedback Linearizationand Exact PWM Control. Power Electronics Special-ists Conference, PESC′94 Record.25th Annual IEEE 1994, 2: 1095~1102
[28] 张亮等. MATLAB 7.x 系统建模与仿真. 人民邮电出版社. 2006
[29] CHAU K T,YING Fan,MING Cheng.A novel three-phase doubly salient permanent magnet machine for wind power generation[A].Industry Applications Annual 2004[C],USA,Seattle,2004,3-7.
[30] HEIER Siegtied. Grid integration of wind energy conversion systems[R].John Winley&Sons Ltd,Chicester,UK,1998.
[31] Gautam Poddar, Aby Joseph, Unnikrishnan A K. Sensorless Variable-speed Controller for Existing Fixed-speed Wind Power Generator with Unity-power-factor Operation. IEEE Trans., 2003,50(5): 1007~1015
[32] 贾要勤,曹秉刚,杨仲庆. 风力机模拟平台的 MPPT 快速响应控制方法. 太阳能学报. 2004,25(3):364-370
[33] Jia Yaoqin,Yang Zhongqing,Cao Binggang.A new maximum power point tracking control scheme for wind generation[C].2002.Power System Technology Proceedings. PowerCon.,2002,1(10):144-148.
[34] Malinowski M, Jasinski M, Kazmierkowski M P. Simple Direct Power Control of Three-phase PWM Rectifier Using Space-vector Modulation (DPC- SVM). Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 2004, 51(2): 447~454
[35] I. Schiemenz, M.Stiebler: Control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Used in a Variable Speed Wind Energy System. IEEE-7803-7091-0/01 ,2001,872-877
[36] 李龙文.变速恒频风力发电技术研究.湖南大学硕士论文.2006
[37] 李建林,周谦,刘剑,赵斌. 直驱式变速恒频风力发电系统变流器拓扑结构对比分析. 电源技术及应用. 2007,6:12-15
[38] 尹明,李庚银,张建成,赵巍然,薛轶峰. 直驱式永磁同步风力发电机组建模及其控制策略. 电网技术. 第 31 卷第 15 期:61-65
[39] 李序葆,赵永健. 电力电子器件及其应用[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1996:66-89
[40] 张崇巍,张兴. PWM 整流器及其控制. 北京:机械工业出版社. 2003
[41] 谢连军. 永磁风力发电机并网逆变器的设计与仿真. 硕士学位论文
[42] 王志华. MW 级变速恒频风力发电机网侧变换器控制技术的研究. 硕士学位论文
[43] 史伟伟,蒋全. 三相电压型 PWM 整流器的数学模型和主电路设计. 东南大学学报Vol.32 No. 1 Jan.2002.
[44] 李亚西,赵栋利,王志华等,关于兆瓦级双馈风力发电机转子励磁电源参数的研究.电机电气技术.2004
[45] 章云,谢莉萍,熊红艳. DSP 控制器及其应用. 机械工业出版社
[46] 张雄伟,邹霞,贾冲. DSP 芯片原理与应用. 北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[47] 刘和平,王维俊,江渝,邓力. TMS320LF240X DSP C 语言开发应用. 北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[48] 叶满园. 变速风力发电技术中逆变器调制方法研究. 电力电子技术,第 40 卷第 5 期2006 年 10 月
[2] 刁瑞盛,徐政,常勇. 几种常见风力发电系统的技术比较. 新能源及工艺. 2006(2):20-25
[3] 周鹤良. 我国风力发电产业发展前景与策略. 上海电力. 2007 年(1)
[4] 许洪华,郭金东,鄂春良. 世界风电技术发展趋势和我国未来风电发展探讨. 电力设备. 2005,6(10)
[5] 于建辉,周浩. 我国风电开发的现状及展望. 风电技术. 2006 年(6)
[6] 李亚西,武鑫,赵斌,许洪华. 世界风力发电现状及发展趋势. 太阳能. 2004 年(1)
[7] 苏绍禹. 风力发电设计与运行维护. 中国电力出版社. 2002:58-62
[8] 李永东,苑国锋. 中国风力发电的发展现状和前景. 电气时代. 2006 年(3)
[9] 赵大庆,王莹,韩玺山. 风力发电场的主要环境问题. 环境保护科学. 2005,21(3):66-67
[10] 王超,张怀宇,王辛慧,李天柱. 风力发电技术及其发展方向. 电站系统工程. 2006,22:10-13
[11] 叶杭冶. 风力发电机组的控制技术. 机械工业出版社
[12] 张希良. 风能的开发与利用. 化学工业出版社. 2005
[13] 马洪飞,徐殿国. 几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析. 电工技术杂志. 2000(10):1-4
[14] 王承煦,张源. 风力发电. 北京:中国电力出版社. 2002:120-230.
[15] 马洪飞,许殿国,苗立杰. 几种变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的对比分析. 电工技术杂志. 2000(10)
[16] 刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德. 变速恒频风力发电系统最大风能追踪控制. 电力系统及其自动化. 2003(10):62-67
[17] 潘文霞,艾斯长尔,史林军,庄敏辉. 变速恒频风力发电系统控制方案的分析与比较. 太阳能. 2004,6.
[18] 卞松江. 变速恒频双馈风力发电关键技术研究. 浙江大学博士论文. 2003
[19] 金玉洁,毛承雄,王丹,曾杰. 直驱式风力发电系统的应用分析. 能源工程. 2006,3:29-33
[20] 姜兴华. 直驱式风力发电机组变桨系统控制模型. 金风科技
[21] ZhangX F, XuD P, LiuY B. Adaptive optimal fuzzy control for variable speed fixed pitch wind turbines[C]. Proceedings of the 5thWorld Congress on IntelligentControlandAutomation, China, 2004: 2481-2485
[22] Senjyu T, SakamotoR, UrasakiN. Output power leveling of wind turbine generator for all operating regions by pitch angle control [ J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, June 2006, 21(2): 467-475
[23] 顾鑫,惠晶. 风力发电机组控制系统的研究分析. 华东电力. 2007,35(2):64-68.
[24] 陈伯时. 自动控制系统. 北京:机械工业出版社. 1981
[25] 陈伯时,陈敏逊. 交流调速系统. 北京:机械工业出版社. 1998
[26] 尹明,李庚银,张建成,赵巍然,薛轶峰. 直驱式永磁同步风力发电机组建模及其控制策略. 电网技术. 2007,31(15)
[27] Prioual P, Pouliquen H , Louis J P . Non Linear Control of PWM Rectifier by State Feedback Linearizationand Exact PWM Control. Power Electronics Special-ists Conference, PESC′94 Record.25th Annual IEEE 1994, 2: 1095~1102
[28] 张亮等. MATLAB 7.x 系统建模与仿真. 人民邮电出版社. 2006
[29] CHAU K T,YING Fan,MING Cheng.A novel three-phase doubly salient permanent magnet machine for wind power generation[A].Industry Applications Annual 2004[C],USA,Seattle,2004,3-7.
[30] HEIER Siegtied. Grid integration of wind energy conversion systems[R].John Winley&Sons Ltd,Chicester,UK,1998.
[31] Gautam Poddar, Aby Joseph, Unnikrishnan A K. Sensorless Variable-speed Controller for Existing Fixed-speed Wind Power Generator with Unity-power-factor Operation. IEEE Trans., 2003,50(5): 1007~1015
[32] 贾要勤,曹秉刚,杨仲庆. 风力机模拟平台的 MPPT 快速响应控制方法. 太阳能学报. 2004,25(3):364-370
[33] Jia Yaoqin,Yang Zhongqing,Cao Binggang.A new maximum power point tracking control scheme for wind generation[C].2002.Power System Technology Proceedings. PowerCon.,2002,1(10):144-148.
[34] Malinowski M, Jasinski M, Kazmierkowski M P. Simple Direct Power Control of Three-phase PWM Rectifier Using Space-vector Modulation (DPC- SVM). Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, 2004, 51(2): 447~454
[35] I. Schiemenz, M.Stiebler: Control of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Used in a Variable Speed Wind Energy System. IEEE-7803-7091-0/01 ,2001,872-877
[36] 李龙文.变速恒频风力发电技术研究.湖南大学硕士论文.2006
[37] 李建林,周谦,刘剑,赵斌. 直驱式变速恒频风力发电系统变流器拓扑结构对比分析. 电源技术及应用. 2007,6:12-15
[38] 尹明,李庚银,张建成,赵巍然,薛轶峰. 直驱式永磁同步风力发电机组建模及其控制策略. 电网技术. 第 31 卷第 15 期:61-65
[39] 李序葆,赵永健. 电力电子器件及其应用[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1996:66-89
[40] 张崇巍,张兴. PWM 整流器及其控制. 北京:机械工业出版社. 2003
[41] 谢连军. 永磁风力发电机并网逆变器的设计与仿真. 硕士学位论文
[42] 王志华. MW 级变速恒频风力发电机网侧变换器控制技术的研究. 硕士学位论文
[43] 史伟伟,蒋全. 三相电压型 PWM 整流器的数学模型和主电路设计. 东南大学学报Vol.32 No. 1 Jan.2002.
[44] 李亚西,赵栋利,王志华等,关于兆瓦级双馈风力发电机转子励磁电源参数的研究.电机电气技术.2004
[45] 章云,谢莉萍,熊红艳. DSP 控制器及其应用. 机械工业出版社
[46] 张雄伟,邹霞,贾冲. DSP 芯片原理与应用. 北京:机械工业出版社,2005
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