激光探测水下目标方法研究
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摘要
激光作为一种具有高亮度、高准直度的光源,被广泛地应用在各种领域,而激光测量手段与声纳技术相结合的方法作为一种新兴的探测技术,近年来也受到了普遍关注。
本文阐述了目前水下目标激光声纳探测的基本原理和发展概况。文中推导了水面微波的一维理论模型,研究了在水—空气交界面处的声信号反射与折射问题,给出了水表面质点振速、位移与水下目标辐射声信号之间的关系。在此基础上,本文阐述了激光直接强度调制法探测水下目标的基本原理,给出了目前激光声纳探测系统的大致探测能力。通过仿真获得了不同声源级与频率的水下信号在激光声纳探测中的表现。
依据上述原理,作者设计了基于激光直接强度调制法的激光声纳探测系统,包含光学、机械和电路等三个主要部分。系统采取调制光源作为探测信号,采用光敏二极管面阵作为接收组件,大大提高了系统的灵敏度和抗干扰能力。文中还给出了采用ARM嵌入式处理器结合嵌入式实时操作系统构建的激光探测信号采集系统。
最后,作者利用所设计的激光声纳探测系统进行了在空气中实验和消声水池实验,得到了平静水面和有剧烈干扰条件下的测试数据。数据处理结果表明,利用激光直接强度调制法探测水表面微波是可行性的,所设计的激光声纳探测系统具有一定的实用性。
As a kind of illuminant with high brightness and high collimation, laser is widely used in various fields. A new detection technology, combined with Laser detection and sonar technology, has received universal attention.
Principles and development situation of laser-based sonar detection are described. One-dimensional model for the surface perturbation is derived, the reflection and refraction of sonar signal on water-air interface are studied, and the relationship between particle vibration velocity, displacement on water interface and underwater target radiated signal is given. On this basis, the principles of underwater target detection using direct laser intensity modulation method are described, the approximate detection ability of present laser-based sonar detection system is given. The manifestations of underwater signals with different source levels and frequencies in laser-based sonar detection are acquired by simulation.
According to the principles mentioned above, a laser-based sonar detection system using direct laser intensity modulation method is designed, which includes optics, machinery and circuit these three main aspects. Modulated light is used as detecting signal in this system, photodiode area array is used as receiving module, which greatly improves the sensitivity and anti-interference ability of the system. A signal acquisition system for laser-based sonar detection system is constructed based on ARM embedded processor and real-time operating system.
Experiments in the air and in an anechoic tank are both carried out lastly, the experimental data in calm water surface condition and violently disturbed water surface condition are acquired. The processing results prove the feasibility of surface perturbation detection based on direct laser intensity modulation method and the applicability of the laser-based sonar detection system designed.
本文阐述了目前水下目标激光声纳探测的基本原理和发展概况。文中推导了水面微波的一维理论模型,研究了在水—空气交界面处的声信号反射与折射问题,给出了水表面质点振速、位移与水下目标辐射声信号之间的关系。在此基础上,本文阐述了激光直接强度调制法探测水下目标的基本原理,给出了目前激光声纳探测系统的大致探测能力。通过仿真获得了不同声源级与频率的水下信号在激光声纳探测中的表现。
依据上述原理,作者设计了基于激光直接强度调制法的激光声纳探测系统,包含光学、机械和电路等三个主要部分。系统采取调制光源作为探测信号,采用光敏二极管面阵作为接收组件,大大提高了系统的灵敏度和抗干扰能力。文中还给出了采用ARM嵌入式处理器结合嵌入式实时操作系统构建的激光探测信号采集系统。
最后,作者利用所设计的激光声纳探测系统进行了在空气中实验和消声水池实验,得到了平静水面和有剧烈干扰条件下的测试数据。数据处理结果表明,利用激光直接强度调制法探测水表面微波是可行性的,所设计的激光声纳探测系统具有一定的实用性。
As a kind of illuminant with high brightness and high collimation, laser is widely used in various fields. A new detection technology, combined with Laser detection and sonar technology, has received universal attention.
Principles and development situation of laser-based sonar detection are described. One-dimensional model for the surface perturbation is derived, the reflection and refraction of sonar signal on water-air interface are studied, and the relationship between particle vibration velocity, displacement on water interface and underwater target radiated signal is given. On this basis, the principles of underwater target detection using direct laser intensity modulation method are described, the approximate detection ability of present laser-based sonar detection system is given. The manifestations of underwater signals with different source levels and frequencies in laser-based sonar detection are acquired by simulation.
According to the principles mentioned above, a laser-based sonar detection system using direct laser intensity modulation method is designed, which includes optics, machinery and circuit these three main aspects. Modulated light is used as detecting signal in this system, photodiode area array is used as receiving module, which greatly improves the sensitivity and anti-interference ability of the system. A signal acquisition system for laser-based sonar detection system is constructed based on ARM embedded processor and real-time operating system.
Experiments in the air and in an anechoic tank are both carried out lastly, the experimental data in calm water surface condition and violently disturbed water surface condition are acquired. The processing results prove the feasibility of surface perturbation detection based on direct laser intensity modulation method and the applicability of the laser-based sonar detection system designed.
引文
[1]Kitsu K,Ikeno Y,et al.Optical measurement system of sound pressure with refracted laser light propagated through an acoustic field.Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,1997,36(1):3167-3170P
[2]赵远,张宇.光电信号检测原理与技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:17-19页
[3]Yeh Y,Cummins H Z.Localized fluid flow measurements with a He-Ne laser spectrometer.Appl Phys Lett,1964,4(10):176-178P
[4]Taylor K J.Absolute calibration of microphones by a laser Doppler technique.J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1981,70(4):939-945P
[5]Lee M S,Bourgeois B S,Hsieh S T,et al.A Laser Sensing Scheme for Detection of underwater acoustic signals.Conference Proceedings 1988IEEE South Knoxville,USA:1988:253-257P
[6]Whitman R L,Korpel A.Probing of acoustic surface perturbations by coherent light.Appl Opt,1969,8(8):1567-1576P
[7]芦汉生等.基于频率分析的激光多普勒微小振动测量.北京理工大学学报,2002,22(2):231-233页
[8]Hanish S.Underwater Laser Doppler Hydrophone.U.S.Naval Research Laboratory,1983,2:377-397P
[9]Harlanda A R,Petzing J N,Tyrer J R.Application and assessment of laser Doppler velocimetry for underwater acoustic measurements.Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,265:627-645P
[10]Antonelli Lynn T,Kenneth M Walsh,AndrewAlberg.Laser interrogation of the air-water interface for in-water sound detection:Initial feasibility tests.J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1999,106(4):2298P
[11]Antonelli Lynn T,Ivars Kisteins.Empirical acousto-optic sonar performance versus water surface condition.Proc Oceans 2001 MTS/IEEE Conference,2001,3:1546-1552P
[12]沈中华等.激光声表面波的若干应用研究进展.红外与激光工程,2007,6(36):239-244页
[13]Antonelli Lynn T,Kirsteins I P.Bearing estimation error analysis using laser acoustic sensor measurements on a hydrodynamic surface.Proc Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference,2000,2:999-1004P
[14]Hsieh E.A Progress Report on the Advanced Sensor and Survey Branch Ocean Optics Laboratory.Internal Report,1986
[15]Maccabee B S.Laser induced underwater sound.Ultrasonics Symposium,Internal Meeting,1987
[16]L 普朗特.流体力学概论.北京:科学出版社,1981
[17]戴振宏等.水表面横向微波—维模型的理论研究.烟台大学学报,2003,16(1):23-28页
[18]戴振宏等.水下声源引起的水表面横向微波的理论研究.国防科技大学大学学报,2004,26(1):95-98页
[19]桑国明等.激光窃听技术在水声信号监测中的应用研究.舰船电子工程,1999(6):56-59页
[20]中井贞雄.激光工程原理与应用.北京:科学出版社,2002:50-54页
[21]陈家壁.激光原理及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:115-121页
[22]赵远,张宇.光电信号检测原理与技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:208-210页
[23]李远明,陈文涛.微弱光信号前置放大器设置.电子元器件应用,2007,9(8):51-53页
[24]Graeme J G.Photodiode Amplifiers-Op Amp Solutions.McGraw-Hill,1996
[25]Burr-Brown.High Precision LowNoise Operational amplifiers.OPA227DataSheet,1998
[26]郝丽宏,林凌.光电二极管与放大器集成器件OPT301.国外电子元器件,2002(12):53页
[27]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:171-244页
[28]Burr-Brown.Universal ActiveFilter.UAF42 Datasheet,1998
[29]贺小云等.通用有源滤波器UAF42及其应用.电子科技,2005(3):43-44页
[30]Burr-Brown.Filter Design Program for the UAF42 Universal Active Filter,1993
[31]张丽敏.基于UAF42通用有源滤波器的设计.内蒙古电大学刊,2002(1):97-98页
[32]胡宴如.高频电子线路.北京:高等教育出版社,2001:122-135页
[33]方尔正,王燕.嵌入式技术及其应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008:1-45页
[34]魏洪兴主编.嵌入式系统设计师教程.清华大学出版社,2006:1-12页
[35]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:30-31页
[36]张绮文,谢建雄,谢劲心.ARM嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社,2007:2-13页
[37]Philips corporation.LPC2292 USER MANUAL.May,2004:1-17P
[38]拉伯罗斯.嵌入式实时操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ.北京:北京航天大学出版社,2003:7-9页
[39]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:301-432页
[40]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例(一).北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:357-359页
[2]赵远,张宇.光电信号检测原理与技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:17-19页
[3]Yeh Y,Cummins H Z.Localized fluid flow measurements with a He-Ne laser spectrometer.Appl Phys Lett,1964,4(10):176-178P
[4]Taylor K J.Absolute calibration of microphones by a laser Doppler technique.J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1981,70(4):939-945P
[5]Lee M S,Bourgeois B S,Hsieh S T,et al.A Laser Sensing Scheme for Detection of underwater acoustic signals.Conference Proceedings 1988IEEE South Knoxville,USA:1988:253-257P
[6]Whitman R L,Korpel A.Probing of acoustic surface perturbations by coherent light.Appl Opt,1969,8(8):1567-1576P
[7]芦汉生等.基于频率分析的激光多普勒微小振动测量.北京理工大学学报,2002,22(2):231-233页
[8]Hanish S.Underwater Laser Doppler Hydrophone.U.S.Naval Research Laboratory,1983,2:377-397P
[9]Harlanda A R,Petzing J N,Tyrer J R.Application and assessment of laser Doppler velocimetry for underwater acoustic measurements.Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,265:627-645P
[10]Antonelli Lynn T,Kenneth M Walsh,AndrewAlberg.Laser interrogation of the air-water interface for in-water sound detection:Initial feasibility tests.J.Acoust.Soc.Am,1999,106(4):2298P
[11]Antonelli Lynn T,Ivars Kisteins.Empirical acousto-optic sonar performance versus water surface condition.Proc Oceans 2001 MTS/IEEE Conference,2001,3:1546-1552P
[12]沈中华等.激光声表面波的若干应用研究进展.红外与激光工程,2007,6(36):239-244页
[13]Antonelli Lynn T,Kirsteins I P.Bearing estimation error analysis using laser acoustic sensor measurements on a hydrodynamic surface.Proc Oceans 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference,2000,2:999-1004P
[14]Hsieh E.A Progress Report on the Advanced Sensor and Survey Branch Ocean Optics Laboratory.Internal Report,1986
[15]Maccabee B S.Laser induced underwater sound.Ultrasonics Symposium,Internal Meeting,1987
[16]L 普朗特.流体力学概论.北京:科学出版社,1981
[17]戴振宏等.水表面横向微波—维模型的理论研究.烟台大学学报,2003,16(1):23-28页
[18]戴振宏等.水下声源引起的水表面横向微波的理论研究.国防科技大学大学学报,2004,26(1):95-98页
[19]桑国明等.激光窃听技术在水声信号监测中的应用研究.舰船电子工程,1999(6):56-59页
[20]中井贞雄.激光工程原理与应用.北京:科学出版社,2002:50-54页
[21]陈家壁.激光原理及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:115-121页
[22]赵远,张宇.光电信号检测原理与技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:208-210页
[23]李远明,陈文涛.微弱光信号前置放大器设置.电子元器件应用,2007,9(8):51-53页
[24]Graeme J G.Photodiode Amplifiers-Op Amp Solutions.McGraw-Hill,1996
[25]Burr-Brown.High Precision LowNoise Operational amplifiers.OPA227DataSheet,1998
[26]郝丽宏,林凌.光电二极管与放大器集成器件OPT301.国外电子元器件,2002(12):53页
[27]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:171-244页
[28]Burr-Brown.Universal ActiveFilter.UAF42 Datasheet,1998
[29]贺小云等.通用有源滤波器UAF42及其应用.电子科技,2005(3):43-44页
[30]Burr-Brown.Filter Design Program for the UAF42 Universal Active Filter,1993
[31]张丽敏.基于UAF42通用有源滤波器的设计.内蒙古电大学刊,2002(1):97-98页
[32]胡宴如.高频电子线路.北京:高等教育出版社,2001:122-135页
[33]方尔正,王燕.嵌入式技术及其应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008:1-45页
[34]魏洪兴主编.嵌入式系统设计师教程.清华大学出版社,2006:1-12页
[35]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:30-31页
[36]张绮文,谢建雄,谢劲心.ARM嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社,2007:2-13页
[37]Philips corporation.LPC2292 USER MANUAL.May,2004:1-17P
[38]拉伯罗斯.嵌入式实时操作系统uC/OS-Ⅱ.北京:北京航天大学出版社,2003:7-9页
[39]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:301-432页
[40]周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例(一).北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:357-359页