基于μC/OS-Ⅱ和ARM平台的嵌入式TCP/IP协议栈的研究与实现
摘要
嵌入式系统的Internet网络化的研究与应用是近几年来嵌入式应用领域的一个研究热点。全球信息资源的全面共享是今后发展的潮流,与人们生活、生产关系最为密切并拥有着无尽的信息资源的嵌入式系统,如果不接入Internet的话,信息的全面共享就无从谈起。嵌入式系统网络化的前提是在嵌入式系统中实现TCP/IP协议栈。
本文首先对ARM9、通用TCP/IP和uc/os-II进行了一定的探讨与研究,然后将uc/os-II移植到S3C2410目标板上,再在此平台上进行编写TCP/IP协议栈。开发环境是用ARM公司的集编辑、编译、仿真与调试于一体的ADS1.2软件。
整个协议栈的设计是围绕着TCP/IP协议的参考模型这个中心进行的。首先,为了使协议具有可移植性,所有与硬件、OS、编译器相关的部分独立出来,在不同的操作系统(这里用的操作系统是μC/OS-Ⅱ)上的实现只要修改这一部分,其它的文件一般不需要修改。然后,设计了一个可靠、稳定的数据管理模块,负责数据的分配、释放、合并和拆分等工作,这些数据操作在通信协议中的实现是经常需要。最后,协议的主体采用纵向主线来进行设计,其实现的协议有ARP、IP、ICMP、UDP和TCP等协议。由于IPv4在IP地址、应用限制、服务质量、管理灵活性、安全性方面的内在缺陷越来越不能满足未来发展的需要,互联网逐渐转向以IPv6为基础的下一代互联网几乎是不可避免的大趋势。为了适应这种发展趋势,这里采用了双协议栈设计方法,即IPv4和IPv6并存。另外,为了加强嵌入式系统的安全,还设计了一个简单的嵌入IPSEC协议。最后对整个协议栈的内容进行了测试,实验表明,硬件系统提供的RAM和ROM空间对这个协议栈是足够的。
In recent years, research on connecting embedded system with Internet has become one of the focuses in applications of embedded system. The overall sharing of the global information resources is the development trend in the future and this research has met the trend. The implementation of TCP/IP stack in embedded system is the basis of the research.
In this article writer probes into the ARM9、TCP/IP protocol and uc/os-II operation system at first, later transferμc/os-II into S3C24100, then compile TCP/IP stack. ADS which integrated with editor compiler, emulator and debugger as the development environment are adopted.
The design of the tiny TCP/IP stack takes the TCP/IP reference model as the focus. First, in order to enable the protocol have the attribute transplanted, the parts related to the hardware, OS, the compiler independently comes out. This part needed to be revised when realized in the different operating system(hereμC/OS-Ⅱ). Then, the reliable stable data management module responsible for the data assigned, released, the merged and classified is designed. These data manipulations are frequently needed in the correspondence protocol realization., the body of the protocol stack is designed which includes the ARP module, ICMP module, UDP module and TCP module. Because of the intrinsic flaw in aspect of IP address, application limited, the quality of service, the management flexibility and the secure, the IPv4 cann’t meet the demand of the development in the future. The Internet gradually will take IPv6 as the foundation for next generation Internet nearly is the inevitable major tendency. In order to adapt this kind of development tendency, the double protocol stack is designed. namely IPv4 and IPv6 coexist. In addition, in order to improve the security of the embedded system, the simple embedded IPSec protocol is also designed here, At last, the paper carry out the embedded TCP/IP protocol with the simplified scheme, and tests it. It can be seen, the paper describes a development process of the embedded TCP/IP protocol completely.
本文首先对ARM9、通用TCP/IP和uc/os-II进行了一定的探讨与研究,然后将uc/os-II移植到S3C2410目标板上,再在此平台上进行编写TCP/IP协议栈。开发环境是用ARM公司的集编辑、编译、仿真与调试于一体的ADS1.2软件。
整个协议栈的设计是围绕着TCP/IP协议的参考模型这个中心进行的。首先,为了使协议具有可移植性,所有与硬件、OS、编译器相关的部分独立出来,在不同的操作系统(这里用的操作系统是μC/OS-Ⅱ)上的实现只要修改这一部分,其它的文件一般不需要修改。然后,设计了一个可靠、稳定的数据管理模块,负责数据的分配、释放、合并和拆分等工作,这些数据操作在通信协议中的实现是经常需要。最后,协议的主体采用纵向主线来进行设计,其实现的协议有ARP、IP、ICMP、UDP和TCP等协议。由于IPv4在IP地址、应用限制、服务质量、管理灵活性、安全性方面的内在缺陷越来越不能满足未来发展的需要,互联网逐渐转向以IPv6为基础的下一代互联网几乎是不可避免的大趋势。为了适应这种发展趋势,这里采用了双协议栈设计方法,即IPv4和IPv6并存。另外,为了加强嵌入式系统的安全,还设计了一个简单的嵌入IPSEC协议。最后对整个协议栈的内容进行了测试,实验表明,硬件系统提供的RAM和ROM空间对这个协议栈是足够的。
In recent years, research on connecting embedded system with Internet has become one of the focuses in applications of embedded system. The overall sharing of the global information resources is the development trend in the future and this research has met the trend. The implementation of TCP/IP stack in embedded system is the basis of the research.
In this article writer probes into the ARM9、TCP/IP protocol and uc/os-II operation system at first, later transferμc/os-II into S3C24100, then compile TCP/IP stack. ADS which integrated with editor compiler, emulator and debugger as the development environment are adopted.
The design of the tiny TCP/IP stack takes the TCP/IP reference model as the focus. First, in order to enable the protocol have the attribute transplanted, the parts related to the hardware, OS, the compiler independently comes out. This part needed to be revised when realized in the different operating system(hereμC/OS-Ⅱ). Then, the reliable stable data management module responsible for the data assigned, released, the merged and classified is designed. These data manipulations are frequently needed in the correspondence protocol realization., the body of the protocol stack is designed which includes the ARP module, ICMP module, UDP module and TCP module. Because of the intrinsic flaw in aspect of IP address, application limited, the quality of service, the management flexibility and the secure, the IPv4 cann’t meet the demand of the development in the future. The Internet gradually will take IPv6 as the foundation for next generation Internet nearly is the inevitable major tendency. In order to adapt this kind of development tendency, the double protocol stack is designed. namely IPv4 and IPv6 coexist. In addition, in order to improve the security of the embedded system, the simple embedded IPSec protocol is also designed here, At last, the paper carry out the embedded TCP/IP protocol with the simplified scheme, and tests it. It can be seen, the paper describes a development process of the embedded TCP/IP protocol completely.
引文
[1] 张云勇,刘韵洁.基于 IPv6 的下一代互联网[M].北京: 电子工业出版社, 2004.7
[2] 符意德.嵌入式系统设计原理及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.11
[3] S3C2410A 200MHz & 266MHz 32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR USER'S MANUAL
[4] 探夕工作室.嵌入式系统开发圣经[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.3
[5] Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ[M],邵贝贝等译.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.7
[6] Kenneth D.Reed.TCP/IP 基础[M],邢淑琴等译.北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003.5
[7] M.Tim Jones.嵌入式系统 TCP/IP 应用层协议[M],徐宏,王泰东等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.4
[8] W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP 详解 卷 1[M],范建华等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.7
[9] W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP 详解 卷 2[M],陆雪莹等译.北京:机械工业出版社 2004.3
[10] 探夕工作室.嵌入式系统开发圣经[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.3
[11] 《uC/OS 环境下的 C 语言编程》 北京单片机开放网 www.bjmcu.com
[12] 谢希仁.计算机网络(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 1999.11
[13] Andrew S.Tanenbaum.COMPUTER NETWORKS THIRD EDITION[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.6
[14] 黄燕平. uC/OS ARM 移植要点详解[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.7
[15] 陈渝,李明,杨晔.源码开放的嵌入式系统软件分析与实践——基于 SkyEye 和 ARM 开发平台[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.7
[16] Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.7 邵贝贝等译
[17] 李立清,路海.基于嵌入式系统的 TCP/IP 协议栈的实现[J].计算机工程 2004 年 10 月pp83—p84
[18] 杨晔.实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ下 TCP/IP 协议栈的实现[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用2003 年 7 月 pp80—pp83
[19]李素侠.嵌入式TCP/IP协议的分析与研究[J].微计算机信息2005年vol.21.pp52—pp54
[20] 匡晋湘.基于 IPSEC 的嵌入式网络安全的研究[J].科学技术与工程 2005 年 1 月vol.5.pp32—pp35
[21] Carleon R.Davis.IPSec:VPN 的安全实施[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002 年 1 月
[22] RFC2401 — Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol http://www.cnpaf.net
[23] RFC2406 — IP Encapsulating Security Payload http://www.cnpaf.net/
[24] 肖军.IPSec安全协议及其在嵌入式Linux下的实现[J].电脑与信息技术 2005.8
[25] Embedded IPSec - Internet Protocol Security http://www.interpeak.com/products/IPSec.html
[26] 付宏,袁兵. 嵌入式 Internet 的研究[J].计算机工程与应用 2003.8
[27] W. Stallings.Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice.Prentice Hall, 1998.
[28] E. Chien and P. Szor. Blended attack exploits, vulnerabilities, and buffer overflow techniques in computer viruses. Symantec White Paper (http://securityresponse.symantec.com/avcenter/whitepapers.html).
[29] http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPSecurityIPSecProtocols.htm
[30] www.cnpf.net/ 中国协议分析网
[31] http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/
[32] http://www.sics.se/~adam/uip/
[33] Braden, R.T. 1993. "TCP Extensions for High Performance: An Update," Internet Draft, 10pages (June).
[34] http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/IT94/Proceedings/DDay/claffy/main.html
[35] Horton, M., and Adams, R. 1987. “Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages,” RFC 1036, 19 pages(Dec.).
[36] Jacobson, V.1988. "Congestion Avoidance and Control, " Computer Communication Review,vol.18, no.4, pp.314-329(Aug.)
[37] http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~padmanab/papers/masters-tr.ps
[38] Salus, P. H. 1995. Casting the Net: From ARPANET to Internet and Beyond. Addison-We s l e y,Reading, Mass.
[2] 符意德.嵌入式系统设计原理及应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2004.11
[3] S3C2410A 200MHz & 266MHz 32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR USER'S MANUAL
[4] 探夕工作室.嵌入式系统开发圣经[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.3
[5] Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ[M],邵贝贝等译.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.7
[6] Kenneth D.Reed.TCP/IP 基础[M],邢淑琴等译.北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003.5
[7] M.Tim Jones.嵌入式系统 TCP/IP 应用层协议[M],徐宏,王泰东等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.4
[8] W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP 详解 卷 1[M],范建华等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.7
[9] W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP 详解 卷 2[M],陆雪莹等译.北京:机械工业出版社 2004.3
[10] 探夕工作室.嵌入式系统开发圣经[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.3
[11] 《uC/OS 环境下的 C 语言编程》 北京单片机开放网 www.bjmcu.com
[12] 谢希仁.计算机网络(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 1999.11
[13] Andrew S.Tanenbaum.COMPUTER NETWORKS THIRD EDITION[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.6
[14] 黄燕平. uC/OS ARM 移植要点详解[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.7
[15] 陈渝,李明,杨晔.源码开放的嵌入式系统软件分析与实践——基于 SkyEye 和 ARM 开发平台[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.7
[16] Jean J.Labrosse.嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.7 邵贝贝等译
[17] 李立清,路海.基于嵌入式系统的 TCP/IP 协议栈的实现[J].计算机工程 2004 年 10 月pp83—p84
[18] 杨晔.实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ下 TCP/IP 协议栈的实现[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用2003 年 7 月 pp80—pp83
[19]李素侠.嵌入式TCP/IP协议的分析与研究[J].微计算机信息2005年vol.21.pp52—pp54
[20] 匡晋湘.基于 IPSEC 的嵌入式网络安全的研究[J].科学技术与工程 2005 年 1 月vol.5.pp32—pp35
[21] Carleon R.Davis.IPSec:VPN 的安全实施[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002 年 1 月
[22] RFC2401 — Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol http://www.cnpaf.net
[23] RFC2406 — IP Encapsulating Security Payload http://www.cnpaf.net/
[24] 肖军.IPSec安全协议及其在嵌入式Linux下的实现[J].电脑与信息技术 2005.8
[25] Embedded IPSec - Internet Protocol Security http://www.interpeak.com/products/IPSec.html
[26] 付宏,袁兵. 嵌入式 Internet 的研究[J].计算机工程与应用 2003.8
[27] W. Stallings.Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice.Prentice Hall, 1998.
[28] E. Chien and P. Szor. Blended attack exploits, vulnerabilities, and buffer overflow techniques in computer viruses. Symantec White Paper (http://securityresponse.symantec.com/avcenter/whitepapers.html).
[29] http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/t_IPSecurityIPSecProtocols.htm
[30] www.cnpf.net/ 中国协议分析网
[31] http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/lwip/
[32] http://www.sics.se/~adam/uip/
[33] Braden, R.T. 1993. "TCP Extensions for High Performance: An Update," Internet Draft, 10pages (June).
[34] http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/IT94/Proceedings/DDay/claffy/main.html
[35] Horton, M., and Adams, R. 1987. “Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages,” RFC 1036, 19 pages(Dec.).
[36] Jacobson, V.1988. "Congestion Avoidance and Control, " Computer Communication Review,vol.18, no.4, pp.314-329(Aug.)
[37] http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~padmanab/papers/masters-tr.ps
[38] Salus, P. H. 1995. Casting the Net: From ARPANET to Internet and Beyond. Addison-We s l e y,Reading, Mass.