国际金融危机背景下黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业研究
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摘要
国际金融危机蔓延对中国经济造成严重冲击,其突出表现之一便是农村劳动力转移就业形势恶化,沿海地区大量农民工因失业而被迫返乡。据人力资源与社会保障部2009年5月统计,我国1.3亿农民工中,有2000万人左右因金融危机而失业返乡。农民工已成为我国受金融危机影响损失最严重的庞大群体。
本文运用实证分析与规范分析、定量分析与定性分析、动态分析与静态分析、比较分析等研究方法,研究国际金融危机背景下黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业问题,在阐述农村劳动力转移就的基本理论的基础上,分析了国际金融危机背景下黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业的措施、成就和存在的问题,研究了安徽省农村劳动力转移就业的状况及其经验借鉴,最后提出国际金融危机背景下黑龙江省进一步推进农村劳动力转移就的对策和措施。
国际金融危机的蔓延使黑龙江省农民工就业遭受了严重的负面影响,这表现在农民工返乡态势加剧、农民工收入降低、劳动供需矛盾突出、岗位竞争严峻等方面。但与湖南、湖北、安徽等劳务输出大省相比,国际金融危机对黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业的影响相对较小。
黑龙江省采取了应对国际金融危机的各项措施,包括实施返乡农民工就业的法规政策、及时调整转移输出方向、加强阳光工程培训、加强政府的服务和管理等。这些政策的实施成效表现为：转移就业的产业分布、地域分布、城镇分布、职业种类都趋向合理。但仍然存在着农民工就业能力较差、制度障碍仍未消除、农民工返乡创业困难重重等问题。
安徽省同黑龙江省一样是一个农业大省,因而在农村劳动力转移就业方面具有很强的可比性。在国际金融危机影响下,安徽省农村劳动力转移的增幅放缓,转移劳动力年轻化知识化技能化趋势明显,跨省转移继续是主要方向。黑龙江省需要向安徽省借鉴的经验包括尽力增加本地就业容量、不断完善相关政策等内容。
为了继续应对国际金融危机,进一步促进农村劳动力转移就业,黑龙江省应当采取如下对策：(1)确保农民工培训阳光工程的质量,建立农民工输出地与输入地之间的联动机制等措施,提升农村劳动力转移就业的能力。(2)积极开展劳务输出对接活动,推进整乡整村转移和成建制输出。(3)积极实施农民工创业工程,拓展就地就近转移空间。(4)加强政府对农村劳动力输出的服务。(5)深化相关制度改革。
黑龙江省2010年还要继续应对国际金融危机,农村劳动力转移就业仍会十分艰难。当然,国际金融危机终将会有结束的那一天。但是,黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业却还有漫长的路要走。黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业课题还需要继续长期进行研究。
The spreading of the international financial crisis has serious impact on Chinese economy. One of its outstanding expression is the deterioration of transfer and employment status of rural labor. Because of unemployment, many of coastal areas migrant workers forced to return home. According to the Statistics of Human Resources and Social Security in May 2009, in every 130 million Chinese peasants, there are about 20 million people had to returned home because financial crisis. Migrant workers have became the worst loss bulkiness group in Chinese financial crisis.
In this paper, using positive-normative approach, qualitative-quantitative analysis approach, static & dynamic approach and comparative analysis approach research methods, study on the transfer and employment problem of Heilongjiang Province rural labor under the background of the international financial crisis. In explaining the basic theory of rural labor's transfer, the paper studied on the measures, achievements and existing problem of transfer and employment of Heilongjiang Province rural labor under the background of the international financial crisis, at the same time, studied on the situation and experience of transfer and employment of Anhui Province rural labor. At last, the paper has put forward the strategy and measures to further promoting the job of transfer and employment of Heilongjiang Province under the background of the international finance crisis.
The spreading of the international financial crisis made Heilongjiang peasants experienced serious negative influence in employment. These influence manifested in rural workers rushing home posture exacerbate, migrant workers incomes decreased, labor contradiction of demand and supply foreground, and post competition severe etc. Compare to the province of more labor export, such as Hunan, Hubei and Anhui, the international financial crisis impacted on transfer and employment of Heilongjiang Province rural labor relatively small. Heilongjiang Province has taken various measures to deal with the financial crisis, including the implementing the employment regulations and policies of migrant workers returning home, timely adjusting the output transfer direction, enhancing the training of the sunshine project, enhancing the services and management of the government. The implementation achievement of these policies let the industry distribution, geographic distribution, towns distribution and occupational distribution of transfer and employment trend to rationality. But there still have problems, such as migrant workers employment ability weak, institutional obstacle still not be eliminated and migrant workers who returning home have difficulties in starting an undertaking.
As Heilongjiang Province, Anhui Province is a major agricultural province, therefore in transfer and employment of rural labor has highly comparison. Under the influence of international finance crisis, the increasing value of Anhui rural labor transfer and employment has slow down. The transfer labor trends to be rejuvenation, intellectualization, and skill obviously. The interprovincial transfer is still to be the main direction. Heilongjiang Province needs to learn from Anhui Province's experience, including efforts to increase the capacity of local employment and continuously improve policies and so on. In order to deal with the international financial crisis and further promote the transfer and employment of rural labor, Heilongjiang Province should take the following measures:(1)To ensure the quality of migrant workers Sunshine Training Project, and establish migrant workers the linkage mechanism between input and output, which will enhance the capacity of rural labor transfer and employment. (2) Actively developing labor export docking, depending which to promote the transfer of the entire township and the whole village into the organizational output. (3) Actively developing labor output dock activity, which to promote whole township and the village transfer and the organizational output. (3)Actively implementing migrant workers innovation engineering, which will expand the space of the nearby space transfer. (4) To enhance he government services to rural labor output. (5) Deepening the reform of related systems.
Heilongjiang Province will continuously deal with international crisis in 2010, and rural labor transfer and employment will still be very difficulty. Of course, international finance crisis will be finished. But Heilongjiang Province rural labor transfer and employment still has a long way to go The subject of Heilongjiang Province rural labor transfer and employment still has a long term to research.
本文运用实证分析与规范分析、定量分析与定性分析、动态分析与静态分析、比较分析等研究方法,研究国际金融危机背景下黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业问题,在阐述农村劳动力转移就的基本理论的基础上,分析了国际金融危机背景下黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业的措施、成就和存在的问题,研究了安徽省农村劳动力转移就业的状况及其经验借鉴,最后提出国际金融危机背景下黑龙江省进一步推进农村劳动力转移就的对策和措施。
国际金融危机的蔓延使黑龙江省农民工就业遭受了严重的负面影响,这表现在农民工返乡态势加剧、农民工收入降低、劳动供需矛盾突出、岗位竞争严峻等方面。但与湖南、湖北、安徽等劳务输出大省相比,国际金融危机对黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业的影响相对较小。
黑龙江省采取了应对国际金融危机的各项措施,包括实施返乡农民工就业的法规政策、及时调整转移输出方向、加强阳光工程培训、加强政府的服务和管理等。这些政策的实施成效表现为：转移就业的产业分布、地域分布、城镇分布、职业种类都趋向合理。但仍然存在着农民工就业能力较差、制度障碍仍未消除、农民工返乡创业困难重重等问题。
安徽省同黑龙江省一样是一个农业大省,因而在农村劳动力转移就业方面具有很强的可比性。在国际金融危机影响下,安徽省农村劳动力转移的增幅放缓,转移劳动力年轻化知识化技能化趋势明显,跨省转移继续是主要方向。黑龙江省需要向安徽省借鉴的经验包括尽力增加本地就业容量、不断完善相关政策等内容。
为了继续应对国际金融危机,进一步促进农村劳动力转移就业,黑龙江省应当采取如下对策：(1)确保农民工培训阳光工程的质量,建立农民工输出地与输入地之间的联动机制等措施,提升农村劳动力转移就业的能力。(2)积极开展劳务输出对接活动,推进整乡整村转移和成建制输出。(3)积极实施农民工创业工程,拓展就地就近转移空间。(4)加强政府对农村劳动力输出的服务。(5)深化相关制度改革。
黑龙江省2010年还要继续应对国际金融危机,农村劳动力转移就业仍会十分艰难。当然,国际金融危机终将会有结束的那一天。但是,黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业却还有漫长的路要走。黑龙江省农村劳动力转移就业课题还需要继续长期进行研究。
The spreading of the international financial crisis has serious impact on Chinese economy. One of its outstanding expression is the deterioration of transfer and employment status of rural labor. Because of unemployment, many of coastal areas migrant workers forced to return home. According to the Statistics of Human Resources and Social Security in May 2009, in every 130 million Chinese peasants, there are about 20 million people had to returned home because financial crisis. Migrant workers have became the worst loss bulkiness group in Chinese financial crisis.
In this paper, using positive-normative approach, qualitative-quantitative analysis approach, static & dynamic approach and comparative analysis approach research methods, study on the transfer and employment problem of Heilongjiang Province rural labor under the background of the international financial crisis. In explaining the basic theory of rural labor's transfer, the paper studied on the measures, achievements and existing problem of transfer and employment of Heilongjiang Province rural labor under the background of the international financial crisis, at the same time, studied on the situation and experience of transfer and employment of Anhui Province rural labor. At last, the paper has put forward the strategy and measures to further promoting the job of transfer and employment of Heilongjiang Province under the background of the international finance crisis.
The spreading of the international financial crisis made Heilongjiang peasants experienced serious negative influence in employment. These influence manifested in rural workers rushing home posture exacerbate, migrant workers incomes decreased, labor contradiction of demand and supply foreground, and post competition severe etc. Compare to the province of more labor export, such as Hunan, Hubei and Anhui, the international financial crisis impacted on transfer and employment of Heilongjiang Province rural labor relatively small. Heilongjiang Province has taken various measures to deal with the financial crisis, including the implementing the employment regulations and policies of migrant workers returning home, timely adjusting the output transfer direction, enhancing the training of the sunshine project, enhancing the services and management of the government. The implementation achievement of these policies let the industry distribution, geographic distribution, towns distribution and occupational distribution of transfer and employment trend to rationality. But there still have problems, such as migrant workers employment ability weak, institutional obstacle still not be eliminated and migrant workers who returning home have difficulties in starting an undertaking.
As Heilongjiang Province, Anhui Province is a major agricultural province, therefore in transfer and employment of rural labor has highly comparison. Under the influence of international finance crisis, the increasing value of Anhui rural labor transfer and employment has slow down. The transfer labor trends to be rejuvenation, intellectualization, and skill obviously. The interprovincial transfer is still to be the main direction. Heilongjiang Province needs to learn from Anhui Province's experience, including efforts to increase the capacity of local employment and continuously improve policies and so on. In order to deal with the international financial crisis and further promote the transfer and employment of rural labor, Heilongjiang Province should take the following measures:(1)To ensure the quality of migrant workers Sunshine Training Project, and establish migrant workers the linkage mechanism between input and output, which will enhance the capacity of rural labor transfer and employment. (2) Actively developing labor export docking, depending which to promote the transfer of the entire township and the whole village into the organizational output. (3) Actively developing labor output dock activity, which to promote whole township and the village transfer and the organizational output. (3)Actively implementing migrant workers innovation engineering, which will expand the space of the nearby space transfer. (4) To enhance he government services to rural labor output. (5) Deepening the reform of related systems.
Heilongjiang Province will continuously deal with international crisis in 2010, and rural labor transfer and employment will still be very difficulty. Of course, international finance crisis will be finished. But Heilongjiang Province rural labor transfer and employment still has a long way to go The subject of Heilongjiang Province rural labor transfer and employment still has a long term to research.
引文
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