西安市集中供热燃煤污染物对大气环境的影响
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摘要
能源的开发和利用所引发的环境污染,已越来越被世人所关注。我国对环境问题亟予了高度重视,在党的十六届五中全会上,首次把建设环境友好型社会确定为国民经济与社会发展中长期规划的一项战略任务。近些年来,西安市加大了对环境的治理,在供热方面出台政策拆除小型燃煤炉,发展集中供热,环境污染和生态破坏的状况得到了一定程度的控制。
本文致力于西安市采暖季供暖的主要污染源燃煤锅炉燃烧对大气环境所带来的影响。完成的主要任务有:依据西安市三环内供热现状调查报告,用统计的方法,分析目前西安市三环内的污染现状,并依据西安市2004年至2020年中远期供热发展规划,预测各燃煤锅炉污染物排放量。根据点污染源扩散的机理,利用解析方法和CFD方法,分析燃煤污染源污染物排放的最大落地浓度点的下风向距离和最大落地浓度,为西安市集中供热发展规划中热源位置的确定提供帮助。
通过现状燃煤锅炉及发展成大型锅炉后排放污染物大小的比较,说明发展集中供热能极大地改善西安市的环境空气质量。通过对烟囱排放扩散的解析计算和数值计算可知,环境气流的风速不同,会影响烟囱的有效源高和最大落地浓度点的下风向距离,但对最大落地浓度点的影响不大。
The pollution of the environment caused by exploiting and using of energy has been cared by more and more people. The environment problem has also been raised to an important position in our country. The Communist Party has decided to build up a friendly society with a good environment in an accelerative speed, which has been fixed as one of the strategies in the development of commercial and society. The environment of Xi'an has been improved, and most of the small coal boilers have been removed, so the pollution of the environment and the destruction of the ecology have been well controlled.
The influence of the air-environment in Xi'an mainly caused by the pollution of coal boiler is concerned in this dissertation. The pollution condition within the tricyclic of Xi'an was analyzed by the method of statistics due to the report of the heating condition within the tricyclic of Xi'an. The coal boiler pollution was forecasted during to the development plan from 2004 to 2020 of Xi'an. The downstream distance and the highest falling concentration of the coal pollution in the highest falling concentration point were analyzed by the analytic method and CFD method, then to guide the arrangement of the heating.
Compared to the present coal boiler, the larger coal boiler by the size of the pollutant, the concentrated heating can extremely improve the air quality in Xi'an. Use analytic method and calculate method for analysis, we knew that the environment wind velocity can effect the effective source height and the downstream wind distance of the highest falling concentration, but it's not so huge for the later factor.
本文致力于西安市采暖季供暖的主要污染源燃煤锅炉燃烧对大气环境所带来的影响。完成的主要任务有:依据西安市三环内供热现状调查报告,用统计的方法,分析目前西安市三环内的污染现状,并依据西安市2004年至2020年中远期供热发展规划,预测各燃煤锅炉污染物排放量。根据点污染源扩散的机理,利用解析方法和CFD方法,分析燃煤污染源污染物排放的最大落地浓度点的下风向距离和最大落地浓度,为西安市集中供热发展规划中热源位置的确定提供帮助。
通过现状燃煤锅炉及发展成大型锅炉后排放污染物大小的比较,说明发展集中供热能极大地改善西安市的环境空气质量。通过对烟囱排放扩散的解析计算和数值计算可知,环境气流的风速不同,会影响烟囱的有效源高和最大落地浓度点的下风向距离,但对最大落地浓度点的影响不大。
The pollution of the environment caused by exploiting and using of energy has been cared by more and more people. The environment problem has also been raised to an important position in our country. The Communist Party has decided to build up a friendly society with a good environment in an accelerative speed, which has been fixed as one of the strategies in the development of commercial and society. The environment of Xi'an has been improved, and most of the small coal boilers have been removed, so the pollution of the environment and the destruction of the ecology have been well controlled.
The influence of the air-environment in Xi'an mainly caused by the pollution of coal boiler is concerned in this dissertation. The pollution condition within the tricyclic of Xi'an was analyzed by the method of statistics due to the report of the heating condition within the tricyclic of Xi'an. The coal boiler pollution was forecasted during to the development plan from 2004 to 2020 of Xi'an. The downstream distance and the highest falling concentration of the coal pollution in the highest falling concentration point were analyzed by the analytic method and CFD method, then to guide the arrangement of the heating.
Compared to the present coal boiler, the larger coal boiler by the size of the pollutant, the concentrated heating can extremely improve the air quality in Xi'an. Use analytic method and calculate method for analysis, we knew that the environment wind velocity can effect the effective source height and the downstream wind distance of the highest falling concentration, but it's not so huge for the later factor.
引文
[1]郝吉明,马广大.大气污染控制工程[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2002:7-47
[2]F.Desiato,D.Anfossi,S.Trini castelli,E.Ferrero,and G Tinarelli.The role of wind field,mixing height and horizontal diffusivity investigated through two Lagrangian particle models[J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(24):4157-4165
[3]Hiromi Yamazawa,Akiko Furuno and Masamichi Chino.Evaluation of a long range Lagrangian dispersion model with ETEX[J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(24):4343-4349
[4]Konrad Koeltzsch.The height dependence of the turbulent Schmidt number within the boundary layer[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34:1147-1151
[5]John Z.Yim,Chun-Ren Chou,Wei-Po Huang.A study on the distributions of the measured fluctuating wind velocity components[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34:1583-1590
[6]Hong Huang,Yoshiaki Akutsu,Mitsuru Arai.A two dimensional air quality model in an urban street canyon:evaluation and sensitivity analysis[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34:689-698
[7]England W.G.,et al.Atmospheric dispersion of liquefied natural gas vapor cloud using SIGMET,a three dimensional time-dependent hydrodynamic computer model.In:Crowe C.I.and Grosshandler W.L.Eds[G].Proceedings of the Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute.Stanford Univ.Press,1978:4-20
[8]卢军,冯源,龚琪.大气污染的数值模拟[J].重庆大学学报,2005,28(9):88-91
[9]肖建斌.大气污染物扩散稀释的计算机模拟研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2004
[10]西安市环境监测站,西安市环保研究所综合信息室.西安市2005年环境年报[R].西安:西安市环保局,2006
[11]GB3095-1996,中华人民共和国环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996
[12]徐忆红.大连理工大学城市学院教师公寓项目环境影响报告书[R].大连:大连市环境科学设计研究院,2006
[13]航天工业部第七设计研究院编.工业锅炉房设计手册[M].第二版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986
[14]谷清.大气环境模式计算方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2002:2
[15]方品贤等.环境统计手册[M].四川:四川科学技术出版社,1985:36
[16]贺平、孙刚.供热工程[M].第三版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[17]西安市规划局.西安市2004年-2020年集中供热规划[R].西安:西安市规划局.2004
[18]宋文彪.空气污染控制工程[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1985:1-63
[19]郝吉明、马广大、俞坷等.大气污染控制上程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999:83-145
[20]国家环境保护总局监督管理司编.中国环境影响评价[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:73-139
[21]马广大编著.大气污染控制工程[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1985:442-475
[22]韦鹤平编著.环境系统工程[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1993:125-263
[23]蒲恩奇主编.大气污染治理工程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999:1-90
[24]Jame T.Yeh.污染物的大气扩散模式[J].环境科学丛,1984,5(6):65-69
[25]徐大海、朱蓉、潘在桃.城市扩散模式与二氧化硫排放总量控制方法的研究[J].中国环境科学,1990,10(4):309-313
[26]叶文虎等.环境质量评价学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994
[27]陆雍森.环境评价[M].第二版.上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[28]胡二邦等.某待建海滨核电厂厂址年均大气扩散因子计算模式与参数的实验研究[J].辐射防护,1999,17(4)
[29]童志权.大气环境影响评价[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998
[30]刘烽等.城市大气质量模式研究进展[J].环境科学进展,1999.17(2)
[31]胡二邦.环境风险评价实用技术和方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2000
[32]车得福、庄正宁等.锅炉[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2004:588-592
[33]陆耀庆编.供暖通风设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987:32-52
[34]魏利军.重气扩散过程的数值模拟[D].北京:北京化工大学,2000
[35]陶文铨.数值传热学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[36]王福军编著.计算流体动力学分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:7-11
[37]周力行著,陈文芳.湍流气粒两相流动和燃烧的理论与数值模拟[M].林文漪译.北京:科学出版社,1994
[38]范维澄,万跃鹏编著.流动及燃烧的模型与计算[M].安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社,1992
[39]吴勋刚主编.湍流[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1994
[40]李宏伟.资源型城市大气污染扩散状况模拟与污染总量控制研究[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2005
[41]张冷,吕文瑚,汤广发.建筑室内环境数值方法的研究--三维紊流室内气流动态数值[J].研究湖南大学学报,1995:22(3)
[42]ψ.Tacobsen and B.F.Magnussen.3-D numerical simulation of heavy gas dispersion[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1987,16:215-230
[43]The standard,RNG and realizable k-ε models,chapter 10,modeling turbulence[D].Fluent 6.1User's Guide,2001
[44]王启杰.对流传热传质分析[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990:523
[45]Guohui Gang,SaB.CFD modeling of airflow and thermal performance of an atrium integrated with photovoltaic[J].Building and Environment,39(2004)735-748
[46]Ian Beausoleil-Morrison.The adaptive conflation of computational fluiddynamics with whole-building thermal simulation[J].Energy and Buildings,34(2002) 857-871
[2]F.Desiato,D.Anfossi,S.Trini castelli,E.Ferrero,and G Tinarelli.The role of wind field,mixing height and horizontal diffusivity investigated through two Lagrangian particle models[J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(24):4157-4165
[3]Hiromi Yamazawa,Akiko Furuno and Masamichi Chino.Evaluation of a long range Lagrangian dispersion model with ETEX[J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(24):4343-4349
[4]Konrad Koeltzsch.The height dependence of the turbulent Schmidt number within the boundary layer[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34:1147-1151
[5]John Z.Yim,Chun-Ren Chou,Wei-Po Huang.A study on the distributions of the measured fluctuating wind velocity components[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34:1583-1590
[6]Hong Huang,Yoshiaki Akutsu,Mitsuru Arai.A two dimensional air quality model in an urban street canyon:evaluation and sensitivity analysis[J].Atmospheric Environment,2000,34:689-698
[7]England W.G.,et al.Atmospheric dispersion of liquefied natural gas vapor cloud using SIGMET,a three dimensional time-dependent hydrodynamic computer model.In:Crowe C.I.and Grosshandler W.L.Eds[G].Proceedings of the Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Institute.Stanford Univ.Press,1978:4-20
[8]卢军,冯源,龚琪.大气污染的数值模拟[J].重庆大学学报,2005,28(9):88-91
[9]肖建斌.大气污染物扩散稀释的计算机模拟研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2004
[10]西安市环境监测站,西安市环保研究所综合信息室.西安市2005年环境年报[R].西安:西安市环保局,2006
[11]GB3095-1996,中华人民共和国环境空气质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996
[12]徐忆红.大连理工大学城市学院教师公寓项目环境影响报告书[R].大连:大连市环境科学设计研究院,2006
[13]航天工业部第七设计研究院编.工业锅炉房设计手册[M].第二版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986
[14]谷清.大气环境模式计算方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2002:2
[15]方品贤等.环境统计手册[M].四川:四川科学技术出版社,1985:36
[16]贺平、孙刚.供热工程[M].第三版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[17]西安市规划局.西安市2004年-2020年集中供热规划[R].西安:西安市规划局.2004
[18]宋文彪.空气污染控制工程[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1985:1-63
[19]郝吉明、马广大、俞坷等.大气污染控制上程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999:83-145
[20]国家环境保护总局监督管理司编.中国环境影响评价[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:73-139
[21]马广大编著.大气污染控制工程[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1985:442-475
[22]韦鹤平编著.环境系统工程[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1993:125-263
[23]蒲恩奇主编.大气污染治理工程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999:1-90
[24]Jame T.Yeh.污染物的大气扩散模式[J].环境科学丛,1984,5(6):65-69
[25]徐大海、朱蓉、潘在桃.城市扩散模式与二氧化硫排放总量控制方法的研究[J].中国环境科学,1990,10(4):309-313
[26]叶文虎等.环境质量评价学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1994
[27]陆雍森.环境评价[M].第二版.上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[28]胡二邦等.某待建海滨核电厂厂址年均大气扩散因子计算模式与参数的实验研究[J].辐射防护,1999,17(4)
[29]童志权.大气环境影响评价[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998
[30]刘烽等.城市大气质量模式研究进展[J].环境科学进展,1999.17(2)
[31]胡二邦.环境风险评价实用技术和方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2000
[32]车得福、庄正宁等.锅炉[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2004:588-592
[33]陆耀庆编.供暖通风设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987:32-52
[34]魏利军.重气扩散过程的数值模拟[D].北京:北京化工大学,2000
[35]陶文铨.数值传热学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2001
[36]王福军编著.计算流体动力学分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004:7-11
[37]周力行著,陈文芳.湍流气粒两相流动和燃烧的理论与数值模拟[M].林文漪译.北京:科学出版社,1994
[38]范维澄,万跃鹏编著.流动及燃烧的模型与计算[M].安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社,1992
[39]吴勋刚主编.湍流[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1994
[40]李宏伟.资源型城市大气污染扩散状况模拟与污染总量控制研究[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2005
[41]张冷,吕文瑚,汤广发.建筑室内环境数值方法的研究--三维紊流室内气流动态数值[J].研究湖南大学学报,1995:22(3)
[42]ψ.Tacobsen and B.F.Magnussen.3-D numerical simulation of heavy gas dispersion[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1987,16:215-230
[43]The standard,RNG and realizable k-ε models,chapter 10,modeling turbulence[D].Fluent 6.1User's Guide,2001
[44]王启杰.对流传热传质分析[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990:523
[45]Guohui Gang,SaB.CFD modeling of airflow and thermal performance of an atrium integrated with photovoltaic[J].Building and Environment,39(2004)735-748
[46]Ian Beausoleil-Morrison.The adaptive conflation of computational fluiddynamics with whole-building thermal simulation[J].Energy and Buildings,34(2002) 857-871