“抽吸－破碎－输送”三功能真空泵的研究
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摘要
随着真空厕所研发工作的深入,我们逐渐发现真空厕所的主要动力部件——水环式真空泵有许多不足,迫切需要开发一种新泵来解决现在所面临的问题。经过我们的研究,决定开发“抽吸-破碎-输送”三功能真空泵,该泵可以实现以下三个功能:(1)在泵内制造真空,形成对污水的抽吸力;(2)在泵内破碎废物;(3)通过泵将废水及污物输送到指定地点。三功能泵可以解决水环式真空泵所遇到的种种问题,作为真空厕所的升级换代产品。目前,国内对三功能泵的研究尚属空白,我们的研究也还处于探索阶段,这方面的文献和实用资料相当少。因此,为保证研究的可靠性和正确性,本文从三功能泵的实验研究、性能影响因素分析、理论分析、模态分析几个方面综合考虑,主要开展了如下工作内容:
(1)实验研究:对三功能泵从构思到样机设计制做的实验研究过程进行了总结,确定了三功能泵的研究思路:参考绞肉机(或螺旋泵)来设计螺旋及破碎装置,参考离心泵来设计离心抽吸叶轮。
(2)性能影响因素分析:在参考离心泵对三功能泵的离心抽吸叶轮进行设计以前,分析了泵内流体的差异(三功能泵内流体是固液两相流,离心泵内是清水)对性能的影响状况,对一些设计参数进行了修正,使其更适用于三功能泵。
(3)理论分析:参考离心泵和螺旋泵的设计方法提出了三功能泵的设计理论和设计方法,给出了三功能泵的主要性能参数和螺旋部分、离心叶轮等部分的计算公式,以此来计算相关参数,并对结构进行了设计,绘制了相关图纸。
(4)模态分析:用SolidWorks对三功能泵的核心部件螺旋部分和离心叶轮进行三维实体建模,再利用Ansys Workbench导入实体模型进行分析,得出如下结论:三功能泵的工作频率小于其固有频率,在工作过程中不会发生共振;螺旋部分应力极大值多出现在螺旋根部与转动轴的连接部分;离心叶轮应力极大值出现在叶片与前后挡板的连接处。
With the research and development of vacuum toilet, we discover the main motive part of vacuum toilet—water ring type vacuum pump has many insufficient, need to invent a kind of new pump to solve the problem that face now urgently. Through our research, decide to invent vacuum pump of three function:“pumping—breaking—transporting”, this pump can realize the following three function : (1) Make vacuum in the pump, form the pumping to the sewage. (2) Break wastes in the pump. (3) Transport the waste water and filth to the appointted place through the pump. Three function pump can solve all sorts of problems that water ring type vacuum pump meet, as the upgrading regeneration product of vacuum toilet.
At present, the domestic study on three function pump still belongs to the blank, our research is still at the stage of exploring too, there are few datum and few documents in this respect. So, for the dependability and exactness that guarantee to be studied, this text tries to analyse from experimental research, the analysis of influencing factor to performance, theoretical analysis, modal analysis of three function pump that several respects are considered synthetically, have launched the following working content mainly:
(1) Experimental research: Summarize the course of experiment and research that three function pump develop from conceiving to the prototype of a machine, have confirmed the thinkings of research of three function pump: Consult the meat grinder (or spiral pump ) to design the spiral and broken device , consult the centrifugal pump to design centrifugal impeller.
(2) The analysis of influencing factor to performance: Have analysed the influence to performance of difference of the fluid in the pump(the fluid is solid and liquid two phase flow in three function pump, and the branch water in centrifugal pump) before consult centrifugal pump to design centrifugal impeller of three function pump, revised some design parameters , make them more suitable for three function pump.
(3) Theoretical analysis: Propose the design theory and design method about three function pump on the basis of consulting the design method of centrifugal pump and spiral pump, provide some main performance parameter and calculation formulae of three function pump, such as spiral part , centrifugal impeller, etc. So as to come to calculate relevant parameter, and design the structure, have drawn the relevant drawing.
(4) Modal analysis: Carry on three-dimensional entity's modeling to key part of three function pump with SolidWorks, such as spiral part and centrifugal impeller, and then utilize Ansys Workbench to channel into entity's model and analyse , draw the following conclusion: The operating frequencies of three function pump are smaller than its natural frequency, the resonance will not take place in the course of working; The stress maximum of spiral part appear in spiral root, lie in the junction between it and axle more. The stress maximum of centrifugal impeller appears in the junction between blade and in front and at the back of guard.
(1)实验研究:对三功能泵从构思到样机设计制做的实验研究过程进行了总结,确定了三功能泵的研究思路:参考绞肉机(或螺旋泵)来设计螺旋及破碎装置,参考离心泵来设计离心抽吸叶轮。
(2)性能影响因素分析:在参考离心泵对三功能泵的离心抽吸叶轮进行设计以前,分析了泵内流体的差异(三功能泵内流体是固液两相流,离心泵内是清水)对性能的影响状况,对一些设计参数进行了修正,使其更适用于三功能泵。
(3)理论分析:参考离心泵和螺旋泵的设计方法提出了三功能泵的设计理论和设计方法,给出了三功能泵的主要性能参数和螺旋部分、离心叶轮等部分的计算公式,以此来计算相关参数,并对结构进行了设计,绘制了相关图纸。
(4)模态分析:用SolidWorks对三功能泵的核心部件螺旋部分和离心叶轮进行三维实体建模,再利用Ansys Workbench导入实体模型进行分析,得出如下结论:三功能泵的工作频率小于其固有频率,在工作过程中不会发生共振;螺旋部分应力极大值多出现在螺旋根部与转动轴的连接部分;离心叶轮应力极大值出现在叶片与前后挡板的连接处。
With the research and development of vacuum toilet, we discover the main motive part of vacuum toilet—water ring type vacuum pump has many insufficient, need to invent a kind of new pump to solve the problem that face now urgently. Through our research, decide to invent vacuum pump of three function:“pumping—breaking—transporting”, this pump can realize the following three function : (1) Make vacuum in the pump, form the pumping to the sewage. (2) Break wastes in the pump. (3) Transport the waste water and filth to the appointted place through the pump. Three function pump can solve all sorts of problems that water ring type vacuum pump meet, as the upgrading regeneration product of vacuum toilet.
At present, the domestic study on three function pump still belongs to the blank, our research is still at the stage of exploring too, there are few datum and few documents in this respect. So, for the dependability and exactness that guarantee to be studied, this text tries to analyse from experimental research, the analysis of influencing factor to performance, theoretical analysis, modal analysis of three function pump that several respects are considered synthetically, have launched the following working content mainly:
(1) Experimental research: Summarize the course of experiment and research that three function pump develop from conceiving to the prototype of a machine, have confirmed the thinkings of research of three function pump: Consult the meat grinder (or spiral pump ) to design the spiral and broken device , consult the centrifugal pump to design centrifugal impeller.
(2) The analysis of influencing factor to performance: Have analysed the influence to performance of difference of the fluid in the pump(the fluid is solid and liquid two phase flow in three function pump, and the branch water in centrifugal pump) before consult centrifugal pump to design centrifugal impeller of three function pump, revised some design parameters , make them more suitable for three function pump.
(3) Theoretical analysis: Propose the design theory and design method about three function pump on the basis of consulting the design method of centrifugal pump and spiral pump, provide some main performance parameter and calculation formulae of three function pump, such as spiral part , centrifugal impeller, etc. So as to come to calculate relevant parameter, and design the structure, have drawn the relevant drawing.
(4) Modal analysis: Carry on three-dimensional entity's modeling to key part of three function pump with SolidWorks, such as spiral part and centrifugal impeller, and then utilize Ansys Workbench to channel into entity's model and analyse , draw the following conclusion: The operating frequencies of three function pump are smaller than its natural frequency, the resonance will not take place in the course of working; The stress maximum of spiral part appear in spiral root, lie in the junction between it and axle more. The stress maximum of centrifugal impeller appears in the junction between blade and in front and at the back of guard.
引文
[1] AIRVAC, Overview of Alternative Conveyance Systems, 1990
[2] Jonathan H Cole&Stephen F Torchia.Defying gravity .Civil Engineering, 1998, 68(2):67~69
[3] EN10911996, Vacuum sewerage system outside building[S]
[4]包虹,徐凤.上海国际赛车场排水系统设计.给水排水, 2005, 31(5): 65-69
[5]易柏军,周敬宣,张知予,等.客车环保节水真空厕所.重庆环境科学, 2005, 27(6): 33-35
[6]张知予,周敬宣,阳国柱,等.客车车载真空环保厕所的系统设计.中国环保产业, 2005(10): 25-27
[7]周敬宣,胡洪平,李艳萍,等.客车气动推拉式集便装置的研制.铁道车辆, 2003, 41(5): 20-21
[8]易柏军,周敬宣,张知予,等.豪华客车节水真空卫生间.真空, 2006, 43(1): 67-69
[9]顾广运等.固液两相流泵设计漫谈[J].水力采煤与管道运输, 1994(1): 17-20
[10]陈次昌等.离心泵叶轮内的两相流和泵性能研究[J].水泵技术, 1990(3): 25-28
[11]何希杰,劳学苏.离心泵诸参数对扬程影响程度的研究[J].水泵技术, 2000(4): 7-8, 17
[12]张风霞.泥浆泵耐磨材料的选择[J].中国水利, 2004(4): 63-64
[13] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Manual Alternative wastewater Collection Systems. EPA., 1991: 35-93
[14] Water Services Association of Australis. Vacuum Sewerage Code of Australia. Public Comment Draft, 2003
[15] Jay Landers. First vacuum sewer system planned for New England. Civil Engineering, 2002, 72(4): 21
[16]陈愉林编著.螺旋泵.第1版.中国建筑工业出版社, 1981. 3
[17]袁寿其编著.低比速离心泵理论与设计.第1版.机械工业出版社, 1997. 5
[18]陈乃祥吴玉林编著.离心泵.第1版.机械工业出版社, 2003. 5
[19]《离心泵设计基础》编写组编.离心泵设计基础.第1版.机械工业出版社, 1974. 8
[20] European Committee for Standards. EN12109. Vacuum drainage systems insidebuilding. HIS., 1999
[21] Anonymous. Install: Vacuum sewer systems. Professional Builder, 2001, 55(12): 82-83
[22]周敬宣,王方明,李艳萍.粪便真空输送管网与真空站参数的研究与设计.给水排污, 2002, 28(5): 67-70
[23] Donald D. Gray, Ph. D., P. E. Design programs for vacuum sewer system. Department of Civil Engineering West Virginia University, 1990: 182-189
[24]郭烈锦编著.两相与多相流动力学.西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2002: 312-324, 585-596
[25]佟庆理编.两相流动理论基础.冶金工业出版社, 1982: 88-91
[26] Walter Hafner; Vacuum toilets provide solutions in correctional facilities PM Engineer; Troy; Jul 1999, 5(6)
[27]王之煦许杏根简明机械设计手册(第1版)机械工业出版社, 1997. 10
[28]郭卫宏等中水道应用———建筑给排水的发展趋势,给水排水, 1999, 25(12)
[29] Jets Order No. 602941-2944. EISA-Estaleiro IIha S. A.
[30] The marine vacuum toilet system. JETS
[31] Alternative Collection Systems for Small Communities EPA. www. epa. gov/ ORD/NRMRL/pubs/625191024/625191024. htm
[32] Little C. J. A comparison of sewer reticulation system design standards gravity, vacuum and small bore sewers. http: //www. wrc. org. za. Water SA, 2004, 5(30): 137-144
[33] Anonymous. City evaluates its vacuum sewer system. Public Works, 2001, 132(12): 72
[34] Anonymous. Vacuum Sewers Help Clean Up Michigan Lakes. Water Environment & Technology, 2004, 16(8): 102
[35] T. Devi Prasad1 and Nam-Sik Park, M. Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms for Design of Water Distribution Networks. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 2004, 130(1): 73-82
[36]小飒工作室编.最新经典ANSYS及Workbench教程.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004
[37]张胜民编著.基于有限元软件ANSYS7. 0的结构分析.北京:清华大学出版社, 2003
[38]苏荣华,梁冰编著.结构仿真分析ANSYS应用.东北大学出版社, 2005
[39] Ray Dinges. Natural systems for water pollution control [M]. New York: Van Noslrand Reinhold Company, 1982
[40] C. C Tien. application of vacuum technology in sewer and toilet systems June 19, 1997
[41] Walter Hafner; Vacuum toilets provide solutions in correctional facilities PM Engineer; Troy; Jul 1999, 5(6)
[42] Rich Naret. Vacuum Sewer Systems For Lake Communities North American Lake Management Society. 14th Annual International Symposium, 1986, 12: 112-116
[43] Kelder, J. D. H, Dijkers, R. J. H., van Esch, B. P. M., Kruyt, N. P, Experimental and theoretical study of the flow in the volute of a low specific-speed pump. Fluid Dynamics Research v 28 n 4 April 2001: 267-280
[44]徐建宁,林多果,孙永会,屈文涛编著.同步式双螺杆泵螺杆的动力学分析.石油矿场机械, 2006, 35(5): 55-57
[45]熊运星著.基于UG和Ansys-Workbench下的协同仿真技术及实现.浙江工商职业技术学院学报, 2006, 5(3)
[46]杨康,韩涛编著. ANSYS在模态分析中的应用.佳木斯大学学报(自然科学板) 2005, 23(1)
[2] Jonathan H Cole&Stephen F Torchia.Defying gravity .Civil Engineering, 1998, 68(2):67~69
[3] EN10911996, Vacuum sewerage system outside building[S]
[4]包虹,徐凤.上海国际赛车场排水系统设计.给水排水, 2005, 31(5): 65-69
[5]易柏军,周敬宣,张知予,等.客车环保节水真空厕所.重庆环境科学, 2005, 27(6): 33-35
[6]张知予,周敬宣,阳国柱,等.客车车载真空环保厕所的系统设计.中国环保产业, 2005(10): 25-27
[7]周敬宣,胡洪平,李艳萍,等.客车气动推拉式集便装置的研制.铁道车辆, 2003, 41(5): 20-21
[8]易柏军,周敬宣,张知予,等.豪华客车节水真空卫生间.真空, 2006, 43(1): 67-69
[9]顾广运等.固液两相流泵设计漫谈[J].水力采煤与管道运输, 1994(1): 17-20
[10]陈次昌等.离心泵叶轮内的两相流和泵性能研究[J].水泵技术, 1990(3): 25-28
[11]何希杰,劳学苏.离心泵诸参数对扬程影响程度的研究[J].水泵技术, 2000(4): 7-8, 17
[12]张风霞.泥浆泵耐磨材料的选择[J].中国水利, 2004(4): 63-64
[13] U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Manual Alternative wastewater Collection Systems. EPA., 1991: 35-93
[14] Water Services Association of Australis. Vacuum Sewerage Code of Australia. Public Comment Draft, 2003
[15] Jay Landers. First vacuum sewer system planned for New England. Civil Engineering, 2002, 72(4): 21
[16]陈愉林编著.螺旋泵.第1版.中国建筑工业出版社, 1981. 3
[17]袁寿其编著.低比速离心泵理论与设计.第1版.机械工业出版社, 1997. 5
[18]陈乃祥吴玉林编著.离心泵.第1版.机械工业出版社, 2003. 5
[19]《离心泵设计基础》编写组编.离心泵设计基础.第1版.机械工业出版社, 1974. 8
[20] European Committee for Standards. EN12109. Vacuum drainage systems insidebuilding. HIS., 1999
[21] Anonymous. Install: Vacuum sewer systems. Professional Builder, 2001, 55(12): 82-83
[22]周敬宣,王方明,李艳萍.粪便真空输送管网与真空站参数的研究与设计.给水排污, 2002, 28(5): 67-70
[23] Donald D. Gray, Ph. D., P. E. Design programs for vacuum sewer system. Department of Civil Engineering West Virginia University, 1990: 182-189
[24]郭烈锦编著.两相与多相流动力学.西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2002: 312-324, 585-596
[25]佟庆理编.两相流动理论基础.冶金工业出版社, 1982: 88-91
[26] Walter Hafner; Vacuum toilets provide solutions in correctional facilities PM Engineer; Troy; Jul 1999, 5(6)
[27]王之煦许杏根简明机械设计手册(第1版)机械工业出版社, 1997. 10
[28]郭卫宏等中水道应用———建筑给排水的发展趋势,给水排水, 1999, 25(12)
[29] Jets Order No. 602941-2944. EISA-Estaleiro IIha S. A.
[30] The marine vacuum toilet system. JETS
[31] Alternative Collection Systems for Small Communities EPA. www. epa. gov/ ORD/NRMRL/pubs/625191024/625191024. htm
[32] Little C. J. A comparison of sewer reticulation system design standards gravity, vacuum and small bore sewers. http: //www. wrc. org. za. Water SA, 2004, 5(30): 137-144
[33] Anonymous. City evaluates its vacuum sewer system. Public Works, 2001, 132(12): 72
[34] Anonymous. Vacuum Sewers Help Clean Up Michigan Lakes. Water Environment & Technology, 2004, 16(8): 102
[35] T. Devi Prasad1 and Nam-Sik Park, M. Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms for Design of Water Distribution Networks. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 2004, 130(1): 73-82
[36]小飒工作室编.最新经典ANSYS及Workbench教程.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004
[37]张胜民编著.基于有限元软件ANSYS7. 0的结构分析.北京:清华大学出版社, 2003
[38]苏荣华,梁冰编著.结构仿真分析ANSYS应用.东北大学出版社, 2005
[39] Ray Dinges. Natural systems for water pollution control [M]. New York: Van Noslrand Reinhold Company, 1982
[40] C. C Tien. application of vacuum technology in sewer and toilet systems June 19, 1997
[41] Walter Hafner; Vacuum toilets provide solutions in correctional facilities PM Engineer; Troy; Jul 1999, 5(6)
[42] Rich Naret. Vacuum Sewer Systems For Lake Communities North American Lake Management Society. 14th Annual International Symposium, 1986, 12: 112-116
[43] Kelder, J. D. H, Dijkers, R. J. H., van Esch, B. P. M., Kruyt, N. P, Experimental and theoretical study of the flow in the volute of a low specific-speed pump. Fluid Dynamics Research v 28 n 4 April 2001: 267-280
[44]徐建宁,林多果,孙永会,屈文涛编著.同步式双螺杆泵螺杆的动力学分析.石油矿场机械, 2006, 35(5): 55-57
[45]熊运星著.基于UG和Ansys-Workbench下的协同仿真技术及实现.浙江工商职业技术学院学报, 2006, 5(3)
[46]杨康,韩涛编著. ANSYS在模态分析中的应用.佳木斯大学学报(自然科学板) 2005, 23(1)