锻压机床碳足迹分析与低碳设计映射方法研究
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摘要
我国制造业尤其是高端装备制造业在高速发展的同时，也面临着巨大的碳排放压力。低碳设计研究从产品设计源头出发，将节能减排作为目标，综合考虑产品的低碳排放特性与其它相关设计要素，是制造装备低碳技术中需深入开展的基础性工作。在国家自然科学基金重点课题等项目的支持下，本论文以锻压机床为研究对象，对碳足迹计算、分析及低碳设计映射方法进行了深入研究。主要工作如下：
首先建立了锻压机床的碳足迹计算流程。在研究产品碳足迹的计算准则的基础上，将基于碳排放因子的产品碳足迹计算方法应用于锻压机床的碳足迹计算，并对碳足迹计算结果进行不确定性及敏感性分析，较为全面地分析了锻压机床的生命周期碳排放情况。
在锻压机床功能分析的基础上，建立了锻压机床的低碳产品结构模型，并对锻压机床的模块单元碳足迹进行计算与分解，将产品碳足迹分析与功能结构映射有机结合，有效地实现了产品碳足迹在功能结构上的分解。建立了锻压机床使用阶段的碳流模型和主要碳排放环节量化分析模型，为低碳设计参数的提取提供了建模基础。对锻压机床的使用阶段碳排放因素进行识别，并从低碳设计与控制优化、使用与工艺等方面提出了锻压机床的低碳改进技术措施与途径。
其次提出了低碳设计映射的概念，基于功能层、结构层、参数层三视图建立了低碳设计映射模型，提出了锻压机床的关键低碳设计参数的提取、解耦处理方法。在获取与分析低碳需求及低碳设计要求的基础上，基于环境化质量功能配置方法将产品低碳设计要求映射到产品各层次功能、结构单元及具体的低碳设计参数上，为低碳设计方案的生成提供映射信息基础。
最后结合传统的产品设计流程，建立了基于多层次映射的锻压机床低碳设计知识重用方法流程与体系；采用可拓物元理论对各层级低碳设计实例进行知识表达，并通过聚类分析对各层级低碳设计实例进行分类处理。基于实例推理原理检索与各层次低碳设计要求相匹配的低碳设计相似实例。构建锻压机床的低碳绩效指标体系，并进行重用方案决策，实现对现有锻压机床低碳设计知识的重用。
While the manufacturing industry of our country especially high-end equipmentmanufacturing industry develops at a high speed, it is facing huge pressure of carbon emission.Setting energy-saving and emission-reduction as the target, the research of low carbon designmethod is proposed from the very begining of product design t'o consider products low carbonemission character and other design information, which is the need of in-depth work carried out inlow carbon technology in manufacturing equipment. With the support of National Natural ScienceFoundation key projects, taking forging machine as study object, this paper gives an in-depthstudy of carbon footprint calculation, analysis and low carbon design mapping method. The mainwork is as follows:
The calculation process for carbon footprint of forging machine tool is firstly established. Onthe basis of studying calculation criterion of product carbon footprint, this calculation method forproduct carbon footprint based on the factors of carbon emission is applied to forging machine too1. Then an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is given in the calculation result, which comprehensively analyzes the life cycle carbon emission of forging machine tool.
On the basis of function analysis for forging machine tool, the structure model of low carbonproduct of the forging machine tool is set and carbon footprint of module unit is calculated and allocated, combining product carbon footprintanalysis and function-structure mapping together, which effectively achieve the carbon footprint separation of function-structure. The carbon flow modeland quantitative analysis model of main carbon emission links for forging machine tool in the usephase is established, which provides low carbon parameters extraction with the modeling foundation. Carbon footprint factors of forging machine tool in the use phase are identified, and low-carbon improvement technical measures are proposed from the aspects of design, control optimization,use and technique.
Secondly the concept of low carbon design mapping is put forward. The model of low carbondesign mapping is established based on three views of the function layer, structure layer andparameters layer. The extraction and decoupling method of the key low carbon design parametersfor forging machine tool is researched deeply. On the basis of the acquisition and analysis of lowcarbon demand and low carbon design requirements, product requirements of low carbon designare mapped to function structure unit in each level and the low carbon design parameters based onquality function deployment for environment, which provide the mapping information foundationwith the low carbon design scheme.
Finally Combining traditional product design process，the process and system for low-carbondesign reuse method of forging machine tool based on multi-hierarchy mapping isestablished.Low-carbon design cases in each hierarchy are represented by extensionmatter-element, and are classified by clustering algorithm. The similar low-carbon design casesare retrieved in conformity with low-carbon design request based on case by reasoning. Theindicator system of low-carbon efficiency for forging machine tool is established. The reuse schemes are devised to reuse the present knowledge of low-carbon design for forging machinetool.
首先建立了锻压机床的碳足迹计算流程。在研究产品碳足迹的计算准则的基础上，将基于碳排放因子的产品碳足迹计算方法应用于锻压机床的碳足迹计算，并对碳足迹计算结果进行不确定性及敏感性分析，较为全面地分析了锻压机床的生命周期碳排放情况。
在锻压机床功能分析的基础上，建立了锻压机床的低碳产品结构模型，并对锻压机床的模块单元碳足迹进行计算与分解，将产品碳足迹分析与功能结构映射有机结合，有效地实现了产品碳足迹在功能结构上的分解。建立了锻压机床使用阶段的碳流模型和主要碳排放环节量化分析模型，为低碳设计参数的提取提供了建模基础。对锻压机床的使用阶段碳排放因素进行识别，并从低碳设计与控制优化、使用与工艺等方面提出了锻压机床的低碳改进技术措施与途径。
其次提出了低碳设计映射的概念，基于功能层、结构层、参数层三视图建立了低碳设计映射模型，提出了锻压机床的关键低碳设计参数的提取、解耦处理方法。在获取与分析低碳需求及低碳设计要求的基础上，基于环境化质量功能配置方法将产品低碳设计要求映射到产品各层次功能、结构单元及具体的低碳设计参数上，为低碳设计方案的生成提供映射信息基础。
最后结合传统的产品设计流程，建立了基于多层次映射的锻压机床低碳设计知识重用方法流程与体系；采用可拓物元理论对各层级低碳设计实例进行知识表达，并通过聚类分析对各层级低碳设计实例进行分类处理。基于实例推理原理检索与各层次低碳设计要求相匹配的低碳设计相似实例。构建锻压机床的低碳绩效指标体系，并进行重用方案决策，实现对现有锻压机床低碳设计知识的重用。
While the manufacturing industry of our country especially high-end equipmentmanufacturing industry develops at a high speed, it is facing huge pressure of carbon emission.Setting energy-saving and emission-reduction as the target, the research of low carbon designmethod is proposed from the very begining of product design t'o consider products low carbonemission character and other design information, which is the need of in-depth work carried out inlow carbon technology in manufacturing equipment. With the support of National Natural ScienceFoundation key projects, taking forging machine as study object, this paper gives an in-depthstudy of carbon footprint calculation, analysis and low carbon design mapping method. The mainwork is as follows:
The calculation process for carbon footprint of forging machine tool is firstly established. Onthe basis of studying calculation criterion of product carbon footprint, this calculation method forproduct carbon footprint based on the factors of carbon emission is applied to forging machine too1. Then an uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is given in the calculation result, which comprehensively analyzes the life cycle carbon emission of forging machine tool.
On the basis of function analysis for forging machine tool, the structure model of low carbonproduct of the forging machine tool is set and carbon footprint of module unit is calculated and allocated, combining product carbon footprintanalysis and function-structure mapping together, which effectively achieve the carbon footprint separation of function-structure. The carbon flow modeland quantitative analysis model of main carbon emission links for forging machine tool in the usephase is established, which provides low carbon parameters extraction with the modeling foundation. Carbon footprint factors of forging machine tool in the use phase are identified, and low-carbon improvement technical measures are proposed from the aspects of design, control optimization,use and technique.
Secondly the concept of low carbon design mapping is put forward. The model of low carbondesign mapping is established based on three views of the function layer, structure layer andparameters layer. The extraction and decoupling method of the key low carbon design parametersfor forging machine tool is researched deeply. On the basis of the acquisition and analysis of lowcarbon demand and low carbon design requirements, product requirements of low carbon designare mapped to function structure unit in each level and the low carbon design parameters based onquality function deployment for environment, which provide the mapping information foundationwith the low carbon design scheme.
Finally Combining traditional product design process，the process and system for low-carbondesign reuse method of forging machine tool based on multi-hierarchy mapping isestablished.Low-carbon design cases in each hierarchy are represented by extensionmatter-element, and are classified by clustering algorithm. The similar low-carbon design casesare retrieved in conformity with low-carbon design request based on case by reasoning. Theindicator system of low-carbon efficiency for forging machine tool is established. The reuse schemes are devised to reuse the present knowledge of low-carbon design for forging machinetool.
引文
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