上覆含水层软岩巷道破坏机制及支护时机研究
|
摘要
神华宁煤集团清水营煤矿所采煤层处于弱含水软岩条件下,富水强、围岩易破坏、巷道施工过程中返修量大、维护困难。本文通过现场调查、实测、理论分析及数值模拟相结合的研究方法,研究分析了以上问题。主要取得了以下研究成果:
(1)基于清水营煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏形式、破坏特征以及影响软岩巷道变形破坏的因素,揭示了上覆含水层软岩巷道顶底板变形破坏机制。
(2)提出了清水营煤矿软岩巷道合理支护时机的判断依据:顶板下沉24mm时要进行初次锚网支护;锚网支护后顶板下沉量达到43mm时需要进行锚索的二次补强支护。
(3)清水营煤矿软岩巷道进行锚网索耦合支护后,明显改变了围岩条件,增加了围岩自承能力。
以上研究结论对该矿覆水软岩巷道的矿压控制有一定的参考价值。
The coal seam mined in Qing Shui-ying Coal Mine is located under the weak soft rock aquifer, with rich water contentency, the surrounding rocks can easily break, with large quantity of construction rework and maintenance difficulty. In this paper, with field investigation, field monitoring, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the above problems are studied. The main findings are as follows:
(1) According to the deformation shape and characteristics of the soft rock roadway and the influence factors of the soft rock roadway deformation are obtained, the roof and floor deformation mechanism of the soft rock roadway is discovered.
(2) It is obtained the judgment basis of suitable support timing for soft rock roadway:First bolt-net support should be conducted when the roof settlement is 24mm, and second strength bolt-anchor support should be conducted when the roof settlement is 43mm.
(3) The analyzing results of FLAC3D numerical simulation software show that, the surrounding rock conditions of roadway are changed and the self-supporting capability is increased after bolt-net-anchor coupling support.
The above study results have some reference value on the ground pressure control of soft rock roadway with overlying aquifer in this mine.
(1)基于清水营煤矿软岩巷道变形破坏形式、破坏特征以及影响软岩巷道变形破坏的因素,揭示了上覆含水层软岩巷道顶底板变形破坏机制。
(2)提出了清水营煤矿软岩巷道合理支护时机的判断依据:顶板下沉24mm时要进行初次锚网支护;锚网支护后顶板下沉量达到43mm时需要进行锚索的二次补强支护。
(3)清水营煤矿软岩巷道进行锚网索耦合支护后,明显改变了围岩条件,增加了围岩自承能力。
以上研究结论对该矿覆水软岩巷道的矿压控制有一定的参考价值。
The coal seam mined in Qing Shui-ying Coal Mine is located under the weak soft rock aquifer, with rich water contentency, the surrounding rocks can easily break, with large quantity of construction rework and maintenance difficulty. In this paper, with field investigation, field monitoring, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the above problems are studied. The main findings are as follows:
(1) According to the deformation shape and characteristics of the soft rock roadway and the influence factors of the soft rock roadway deformation are obtained, the roof and floor deformation mechanism of the soft rock roadway is discovered.
(2) It is obtained the judgment basis of suitable support timing for soft rock roadway:First bolt-net support should be conducted when the roof settlement is 24mm, and second strength bolt-anchor support should be conducted when the roof settlement is 43mm.
(3) The analyzing results of FLAC3D numerical simulation software show that, the surrounding rock conditions of roadway are changed and the self-supporting capability is increased after bolt-net-anchor coupling support.
The above study results have some reference value on the ground pressure control of soft rock roadway with overlying aquifer in this mine.
引文
[1]何满潮,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[2]钱鸣高. 20年来采场围岩控制理论与实践的回顾[J].中国矿业大学学报, 2000
[3]郑雨天.论我国软岩巷道文护的几个误区[J].井巷地压与支护, 1995, (2)
[4]钱鸣高,石平伍.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].中国矿业大学出版社, 2003
[5]煤炭工业部科技教育司,煤炭工业部软岩巷道支护专家组,煤矿软岩工程技术研究推广中心.中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践[M].中国矿业大学出版社, 1996
[6]周华强.巷道支护限制与稳定作用理论及其应用[M] .中国矿业大学出版社, 2006
[7]李明远.软岩巷道锚注支护理论与实践[M].煤炭工业出版社, 2001
[8]高磊.矿山岩体力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1988;
[9]余寿文,冯西桥.损伤力学[M].清华大学出版社, 1997
[10]谢和平.岩石、混凝土损伤力学[M].中国矿业大学出版社, 1990
[11] Papanastasiou P and Vardoulakis I,Bifurcation analysia of deep boreholes :Ⅱ,Scale effect ,Int.J.Numer .Anal.Merhods,Geomech.13,183～198,(1998)
[12]刘长武,褚秀生.构造应力对巷道维护的影响[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 1999, (2) 22～24
[13]贺永年,何亚男.茂名矿区巷道底臌实测与分析[J].岩土工程学报,1994, 16 (4):40-46.
[14]刘立东,王俊虎.松软膨胀岩层巷道破坏机制及加固技术研究[J].山西焦煤科技, 2008, (2) :34～36
[15]来兴平,蔡美峰,伍永平等.软弱层状岩石巷道顶板破坏过程模拟研究[J].中国矿业, 2000, 9 (6 ) :23～25
[16]潘一山,祝平,王德利.深埋巷道底臌及防治的蠕变模拟试验和数值分析[J].黑龙江矿业学院学报, 1998, 8 (2 ) :1 -7
[17]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛.巷道底臌的计算模型及有限元数值分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 1993, (1) :17-22
[18]张晓春,缪协兴.层状岩体中洞室围岩层裂及破坏的数值模拟研究岩[J].石力学与工程学报, 2002, 21 (11) :1645～1650
[19]黄旭,马念杰,贾安立等.软岩厚度对层状顶板破坏特征影响分析[J].岩土力学, 2007, 28 (2) :343～346
[20]刘泉声,张华,林涛.煤矿深部岩巷围岩稳定与支护对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2004, 23 (21):3732～3737
[21]樊克恭,翟德元.岩性弱结构巷道破坏失稳分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 2004,(3):11～14
[22]靖洪文,宋宏伟,郭志宏.软岩巷道围岩松动圈变形机制及控制技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报, 1999, 28 (6):560～564
[23]伍永平,黄超慧,来兴平等.深部软岩特性对底臌的影响与数值模拟研究[J].煤炭工程, 2006, (10):65～67
[24]于广明,谢和平.结构化岩体采动裂隙分布规律与分形性实验研究[J].实验力学, 1998, 13 (2):145～154.
[25]于广明,谢和平,杨伦等.采动断层活化分形界面效应的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报, 1998, 23(4):42～46.]。
[26]徐林生,孙钧,蒋树屏.洋碰隧道开挖面空间效应的数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程界, 2001, (4):42～44
[27]荣耀.巷道支护时机与围岩级别关系的研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 2003, (4):11～13
[28]傅立新,周旭.喷锚支护的时间效应与空间效应[J].中南公路工程,2003,28(1):37~39
[29]杨林德,颜建平,王悦照等.围岩变形的时效特征与预测的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, (24):212～216
[30]王祥秋,陈秋南.软岩巷道流变破坏机制与合理支护时间的确定[J].有色金属, 2000, 52(4):14～17
[31]王小平.软岩巷道合理支护时间模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2006, 23(1):103~106
[32]韩瑞庚.地下工程新奥法[M].科学出版社, 1987
[33]刘长武.煤矿软岩巷道的锚喷支护同新奥法的关系[J].中国矿业, Vol.1,(1), 2000:61～64
[34]孙钧,侯学渊.地下结构(上、下)[M].北京:科学出版社, 1991
[35]王幼麟.开展软岩工程性质的微观研究.岩石力学与工程学报[J], Vol.8 No.1, 1989, 94～96
[36]何满潮,邹正盛.软岩巷道工程概论[M].中国矿业大学出版社, 1993
[37]何满潮,孙晓明.中国煤矿软岩巷道工程支护设计与施工指南[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004
[38]何满潮.中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践[M].中国矿业大学出版社. 1996,(4) :20～34
[39]林勇.隧道支护与围岩自承问题的讨论[J ].公路隧道, 2000, (3):7～12.
[40] A general analytical solution for the required anchor force in rock slopes with toppling failure[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. Volume 38, Issue 3, April 2001, Pages 421～435
[41] A theoretical model for rock joints subjected to constant normal stifness direct shear[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. Volume 39, Issue 5, July 2002, Pages 539～552
[42]卡斯特纳H著.同济大学译.隧道与坑道静力学[M].上海科学技术出版社,1978
[43]蔡美峰,何满潮.刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].科学出版社, 2002
[44]李志业,曾艳华.地下结构设计原理与方法[M].西南交通大学出版社, 2003, 9
[45]刘波,韩彦辉. FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2005, 9
[46] Itasca Consulting Group Inc. FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions) [M]. USA, 1997
[2]钱鸣高. 20年来采场围岩控制理论与实践的回顾[J].中国矿业大学学报, 2000
[3]郑雨天.论我国软岩巷道文护的几个误区[J].井巷地压与支护, 1995, (2)
[4]钱鸣高,石平伍.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].中国矿业大学出版社, 2003
[5]煤炭工业部科技教育司,煤炭工业部软岩巷道支护专家组,煤矿软岩工程技术研究推广中心.中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践[M].中国矿业大学出版社, 1996
[6]周华强.巷道支护限制与稳定作用理论及其应用[M] .中国矿业大学出版社, 2006
[7]李明远.软岩巷道锚注支护理论与实践[M].煤炭工业出版社, 2001
[8]高磊.矿山岩体力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1988;
[9]余寿文,冯西桥.损伤力学[M].清华大学出版社, 1997
[10]谢和平.岩石、混凝土损伤力学[M].中国矿业大学出版社, 1990
[11] Papanastasiou P and Vardoulakis I,Bifurcation analysia of deep boreholes :Ⅱ,Scale effect ,Int.J.Numer .Anal.Merhods,Geomech.13,183～198,(1998)
[12]刘长武,褚秀生.构造应力对巷道维护的影响[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 1999, (2) 22～24
[13]贺永年,何亚男.茂名矿区巷道底臌实测与分析[J].岩土工程学报,1994, 16 (4):40-46.
[14]刘立东,王俊虎.松软膨胀岩层巷道破坏机制及加固技术研究[J].山西焦煤科技, 2008, (2) :34～36
[15]来兴平,蔡美峰,伍永平等.软弱层状岩石巷道顶板破坏过程模拟研究[J].中国矿业, 2000, 9 (6 ) :23～25
[16]潘一山,祝平,王德利.深埋巷道底臌及防治的蠕变模拟试验和数值分析[J].黑龙江矿业学院学报, 1998, 8 (2 ) :1 -7
[17]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛.巷道底臌的计算模型及有限元数值分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 1993, (1) :17-22
[18]张晓春,缪协兴.层状岩体中洞室围岩层裂及破坏的数值模拟研究岩[J].石力学与工程学报, 2002, 21 (11) :1645～1650
[19]黄旭,马念杰,贾安立等.软岩厚度对层状顶板破坏特征影响分析[J].岩土力学, 2007, 28 (2) :343～346
[20]刘泉声,张华,林涛.煤矿深部岩巷围岩稳定与支护对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2004, 23 (21):3732～3737
[21]樊克恭,翟德元.岩性弱结构巷道破坏失稳分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 2004,(3):11～14
[22]靖洪文,宋宏伟,郭志宏.软岩巷道围岩松动圈变形机制及控制技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报, 1999, 28 (6):560～564
[23]伍永平,黄超慧,来兴平等.深部软岩特性对底臌的影响与数值模拟研究[J].煤炭工程, 2006, (10):65～67
[24]于广明,谢和平.结构化岩体采动裂隙分布规律与分形性实验研究[J].实验力学, 1998, 13 (2):145～154.
[25]于广明,谢和平,杨伦等.采动断层活化分形界面效应的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报, 1998, 23(4):42～46.]。
[26]徐林生,孙钧,蒋树屏.洋碰隧道开挖面空间效应的数值模拟研究[J].岩土工程界, 2001, (4):42～44
[27]荣耀.巷道支护时机与围岩级别关系的研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 2003, (4):11～13
[28]傅立新,周旭.喷锚支护的时间效应与空间效应[J].中南公路工程,2003,28(1):37~39
[29]杨林德,颜建平,王悦照等.围岩变形的时效特征与预测的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, (24):212～216
[30]王祥秋,陈秋南.软岩巷道流变破坏机制与合理支护时间的确定[J].有色金属, 2000, 52(4):14～17
[31]王小平.软岩巷道合理支护时间模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报, 2006, 23(1):103~106
[32]韩瑞庚.地下工程新奥法[M].科学出版社, 1987
[33]刘长武.煤矿软岩巷道的锚喷支护同新奥法的关系[J].中国矿业, Vol.1,(1), 2000:61～64
[34]孙钧,侯学渊.地下结构(上、下)[M].北京:科学出版社, 1991
[35]王幼麟.开展软岩工程性质的微观研究.岩石力学与工程学报[J], Vol.8 No.1, 1989, 94～96
[36]何满潮,邹正盛.软岩巷道工程概论[M].中国矿业大学出版社, 1993
[37]何满潮,孙晓明.中国煤矿软岩巷道工程支护设计与施工指南[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004
[38]何满潮.中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践[M].中国矿业大学出版社. 1996,(4) :20～34
[39]林勇.隧道支护与围岩自承问题的讨论[J ].公路隧道, 2000, (3):7～12.
[40] A general analytical solution for the required anchor force in rock slopes with toppling failure[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. Volume 38, Issue 3, April 2001, Pages 421～435
[41] A theoretical model for rock joints subjected to constant normal stifness direct shear[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. Volume 39, Issue 5, July 2002, Pages 539～552
[42]卡斯特纳H著.同济大学译.隧道与坑道静力学[M].上海科学技术出版社,1978
[43]蔡美峰,何满潮.刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].科学出版社, 2002
[44]李志业,曾艳华.地下结构设计原理与方法[M].西南交通大学出版社, 2003, 9
[45]刘波,韩彦辉. FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2005, 9
[46] Itasca Consulting Group Inc. FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions) [M]. USA, 1997