海事应急辅助指挥系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着航运事业的不断发展,人们对航运安全也越来越关注。海上事故一旦发生,不仅对人命和财产安全造成极大的损害,还极有可能对水上重要设施及水域生态环境构成威胁。为了提高我国海事应急指挥综合水平,保护海上人民生命和财产的安全,海事局启动了海事应急辅助指挥系统试点工程的建设。
本研究来自该试点工程,主要研究内容是系统应用软件的设计与开发,研究包括三个部分:电子海图平台、应急辅助指挥软件和溢油模型。该设计致力于实现基于电子海图平台,根据应急预案流程,结合溢油模型,来整合并展现各种海事应急信息,提供辅助指挥决策。
首先介绍了海事应急辅助指挥系统的组成和研究现状,接下来着重进行电子海图平台的二次开发,由于电子海图平台是海事应急辅助指挥软件系统的基础显示平台,应急辅助指挥软件和溢油模型最后要以插件的形式挂接在电子海图平台上,电子海图平台除了海图显示、海图改正和海图作业的功能外,还要具有强大的二次开发功能。然后结合应急辅助指挥软件的预期功能和应急指挥工作流程,在.NET开发环境下,通过C#软件程序编写实现应急辅助指挥软件功能,包括接警模块、接警核实模块、警情维护模块、应急预处理管理模块、应急方案管理模块和应急预案管理模块。在实现过程中应用GDI+图形图像处理技术完成控件的设计,ADO.NET数据库技术完成数据库的设计,充分利用了C#语言的优势。文章的最后,在仔细研究本系统溢油模型的构成和功能的基础上,结合电子海图平台和相应事故信息,进行了事故应用演练。
With the continuous development of the shipping industry,people are also growing concern for maritime navigation safety more and more.The event of maritime accidents, not only cause tremendous damage for the safety of human lives and property,but also very likely pose a threat to the important water facilities and water ecological environment.In order to enhance China's comprehensive maritime emergency command level,protect people's lives and property safety at sea,the Maritime Bureau launched a pilot project's co nstruction of Mar itime Emergency Command-Aided System.
This study from the pilot project,main study content is application software's design and implementation,the study includes three parts:electronic chart plat, emergency command-aided software and oil spill model.The design commits to implement the electronic charts plat -based,in accordance with emergency plan processes,with oil spill model to integrate and display all kinds of maritime emergency information,support command-aided decision-making.
This paper first introduced the Maritime Emergency Command-Aided System supporting the composition and research states,the next we focuses on the secondary development of the electronic chart plat,because the marine electronic chart plat is based showing plat of emergency command-aided system software,emergency command-aided software and oil spill model finally is to be link to the electronic charts plat in the form of plug-in,in addition to the functions of chart display,chart correction and chart operation,the electronic chart plat should have the secondary development function.Then assisted with emergency command software expected functions and the emergency command workflow,in.NET development environment,we achieve command software functions by programming with the support of C # software, including alarm reception module,alarm reception verification module,police intelligence maintenance module,emergency pretreatment management module, emergency programme management module and emergency plan management module. The technology of GDI+ has been applied to achieve the design of controls, ADO.NET has been applied to achieve the design of database,and it also has made full use of some other advantages of C# programming language.The end of the article,after careful study of the oil spill model's composition and function,we combine electronic chart information platform and the corresponding accident information to exercise of the accident.
本研究来自该试点工程,主要研究内容是系统应用软件的设计与开发,研究包括三个部分:电子海图平台、应急辅助指挥软件和溢油模型。该设计致力于实现基于电子海图平台,根据应急预案流程,结合溢油模型,来整合并展现各种海事应急信息,提供辅助指挥决策。
首先介绍了海事应急辅助指挥系统的组成和研究现状,接下来着重进行电子海图平台的二次开发,由于电子海图平台是海事应急辅助指挥软件系统的基础显示平台,应急辅助指挥软件和溢油模型最后要以插件的形式挂接在电子海图平台上,电子海图平台除了海图显示、海图改正和海图作业的功能外,还要具有强大的二次开发功能。然后结合应急辅助指挥软件的预期功能和应急指挥工作流程,在.NET开发环境下,通过C#软件程序编写实现应急辅助指挥软件功能,包括接警模块、接警核实模块、警情维护模块、应急预处理管理模块、应急方案管理模块和应急预案管理模块。在实现过程中应用GDI+图形图像处理技术完成控件的设计,ADO.NET数据库技术完成数据库的设计,充分利用了C#语言的优势。文章的最后,在仔细研究本系统溢油模型的构成和功能的基础上,结合电子海图平台和相应事故信息,进行了事故应用演练。
With the continuous development of the shipping industry,people are also growing concern for maritime navigation safety more and more.The event of maritime accidents, not only cause tremendous damage for the safety of human lives and property,but also very likely pose a threat to the important water facilities and water ecological environment.In order to enhance China's comprehensive maritime emergency command level,protect people's lives and property safety at sea,the Maritime Bureau launched a pilot project's co nstruction of Mar itime Emergency Command-Aided System.
This study from the pilot project,main study content is application software's design and implementation,the study includes three parts:electronic chart plat, emergency command-aided software and oil spill model.The design commits to implement the electronic charts plat -based,in accordance with emergency plan processes,with oil spill model to integrate and display all kinds of maritime emergency information,support command-aided decision-making.
This paper first introduced the Maritime Emergency Command-Aided System supporting the composition and research states,the next we focuses on the secondary development of the electronic chart plat,because the marine electronic chart plat is based showing plat of emergency command-aided system software,emergency command-aided software and oil spill model finally is to be link to the electronic charts plat in the form of plug-in,in addition to the functions of chart display,chart correction and chart operation,the electronic chart plat should have the secondary development function.Then assisted with emergency command software expected functions and the emergency command workflow,in.NET development environment,we achieve command software functions by programming with the support of C # software, including alarm reception module,alarm reception verification module,police intelligence maintenance module,emergency pretreatment management module, emergency programme management module and emergency plan management module. The technology of GDI+ has been applied to achieve the design of controls, ADO.NET has been applied to achieve the design of database,and it also has made full use of some other advantages of C# programming language.The end of the article,after careful study of the oil spill model's composition and function,we combine electronic chart information platform and the corresponding accident information to exercise of the accident.
引文
[1]罗永宏.海上搜救智能辅助决策系统探究.中国航海,2004(03):21-24.
[2]International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue.北京:人民交通出报社,1979.
[3]交通运输部海事局.海事应急辅助指挥系统试点工程启动,中国交通运输部网站:http://www.moc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/jiaotongxinwen/xinwenredian/200709/t20070926_415731.html,2007年1月16日.
[4]Inter-national Aeronauticaland Maritime Search and RescueManual,IAMSAR.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[5]Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual.北京:人民交通出版社,1993.
[6]International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.北京:人民交通出版社,1986.
[7]宋家慧,朱玉柱.国家专业海上救助队伍的建设.大连海事大学学报,2004(02).
[8]上官好敏.浅议海事应急指挥.中国海事,2007(10).
[9]《关于印发“公路、水路交通信息化十五发展规划”的通知》交通部交规划发[2001]423号文.
[10]《中国海事发展纲要》(2001-2015).
[11]交通部海事局“海通航[2003]70号”《关于贯彻落实张部长提高搜救决策指挥水平的指示的通知》.
[12]IH0.S-57 Transfer standard for digital hydrographic data.IHO 1996.
[13]IHO.S-52 Specification for chart content and display aspects of ECDIS.IHO 1996.
[14]王安国,吴炳占.ECDIS的现状及其发展趋势.航海技术,1999(3).
[15]郭辛,赵德鹏.《中国电子海图显示与信息系统的研究与发展》.国际航行年会论文集,1994.
[16]王勇,世界上海上重大溢油事故(1967-1991).交通环保(水运版),1991(6).
[17]徐长银,海湾战争后的自然环境令人堪忧,海洋世界,1991.
[18]万帮和,海洋石油污染及其危害,海洋环境科学,1986.5(3).
[19]国家海洋局海洋污染概况编写组.海洋污染概况.北京:石油工业出版社,1975.
[20]史鄂候.中国近海海域的水污染.中国环境科学,1984.4(3).
[21]MeCay.Deborah Freneh.Development and application of damage assessment modeling:Example assessment for the North Cape oil spill.Marine Pollution Bulletin 47(9-12):341-359,2003.
[22]Fingas,M.F.,Hollebone.B.P.Review of behaviour of oil in freezing environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin47(9-12):333-340,2003.
[23]杉崎昭生.电子海图的现状及其未来趋势.国外航海科技,1987(1).
[24]周炜.电子海图及其应用.中国水运,2002(6).
[25]王世林.电子海图显示与信息系统使用指南.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2002.
[26]张英俊.电子海图的数学和算法基础.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2001.
[27]胡海刚,张尧.正确理解和使用ECDIS.世界海运,2000(5).
[28]Hempstead,Lee Alexander.Certifying Mariners in theOperational use of ECDIS.http://www.nos.noaa.gov.
[29]Christian Hempstead.ECDIS is a powerful tool but it requires substantial training.Professional Mariner Online.2002.
[30]IMO.Performance Standards of ECDIS.IMO Resolution A.1995,817(19).
[31]IMO.Interim Guidance On Training and Assessment in the Operational use of ECDIS Simulators.LONDON,2001.
[32]IHO TRANSFER STANDARD DIGITAL HYDROGRAPHIC DATA PUBLICATION S-57,Edition 3.0March 1996.Published by the Internationa Hydrographic Bureau.
[33]电子海图及其应用系统国际规范和标准(S-57篇).中华人民共和国海事局.
[34]Colour & Symbol Specifications for ECDIS 4th Edition,July 1997 Published by the International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO.
[35]电子海图及其应用系统国际规范和标准(S-52篇).中华人民共和国海事局.
[36]李宏利.电子海图技术国际标准研究.北京:海潮出版社,2005.
[37]史世新.电子海图概论.电子科技导报,1998(1).
[38]许开宇.符合国际标准的电子海图显示和信息系统.船舶工程,1999(5).
[39]Clayberg,Rubel,周良忠.Eclipse插件开发.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[40]Karli Watson等著.C#入门经典.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[41]孙永强.Visual C#.NET入门与提高.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[42]Ted Faison著,战晓苏译.Visual C#基于组件的开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[43]Herbert Schmidt.The C# Complete Reference.Bering:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2002.
[44]中国海事局.中国海上搜救中心水上险情应急反应程序.北京:中国海事局,2002.
[45]张永良,刘培哲.水环境容量综合手册.北京:清华大学出版社,1991.
[46]李炜.环境水力学进展.武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社,1999.
[47]刘鸿亮,韩国刚.中国水环境预测与对策概论.北京:中国环境出版社,1988.
[48]毛文永,文剑平.全球环境问题与对策.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[49]我国近海海域的环境质量和污染监测研究.海洋环境科学.1992(3).
[50]赵如箱.浅谈溢油模型的发展及其应用设想,交通环保,2000(8).
[51]ANDERSON E L.The OILMAPWin/WOSM oil spill model:Application to hindcast a river spill.Proceeding of the 18th Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program,Technical Seminar.Edmonton:1995.793-817.
[52]LEECH M.OSIS:A windows oil spill information system.Proceedings of the 16th Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program,Technical Seminar.Calgary:1993.549-556.
[53]Fay J.A.1969.The spread oil slicks on calm sea,in oil on the sea,D.P.Hount,ed.Plenum Press,NewYork,53-63.
[54]Bloclkker P C.Spreading end evaporation of petroleum products on water.Proc,4th Internal,Harbour Congress,Antwerp,the Netherlands,911-919.
[55]Zhao W Q,Wu Z H.1988.A model of spreading,dispersion and edvection caused by an oii slick on the unstable sea surface.Proc.of 6 th APD-IAHR Congress.Kyoto,Japan.
[56]Sebastiao P,Guedes-Soares C.Modeling the Fate of Oil Spill at Sea.Spill Science & Technology Bulletin.1995年2月:121-131.
[57]张存智,窦振兴,韩康等.三维溢油动态预报模式.海洋环境科学.1997(1).
[58]张波,吴冠等.中文windows环境下的海上溢油预报系统.海洋环境科学.1997.
[59]吴信才.地理信息系统设计与实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[60]刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程-组件篇.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[61]Phani K.Ral等.用于应急计划的图示溢油踪迹及其对海岸影响模型.交通环保.2002.
[2]International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue.北京:人民交通出报社,1979.
[3]交通运输部海事局.海事应急辅助指挥系统试点工程启动,中国交通运输部网站:http://www.moc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/jiaotongxinwen/xinwenredian/200709/t20070926_415731.html,2007年1月16日.
[4]Inter-national Aeronauticaland Maritime Search and RescueManual,IAMSAR.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.
[5]Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual.北京:人民交通出版社,1993.
[6]International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.北京:人民交通出版社,1986.
[7]宋家慧,朱玉柱.国家专业海上救助队伍的建设.大连海事大学学报,2004(02).
[8]上官好敏.浅议海事应急指挥.中国海事,2007(10).
[9]《关于印发“公路、水路交通信息化十五发展规划”的通知》交通部交规划发[2001]423号文.
[10]《中国海事发展纲要》(2001-2015).
[11]交通部海事局“海通航[2003]70号”《关于贯彻落实张部长提高搜救决策指挥水平的指示的通知》.
[12]IH0.S-57 Transfer standard for digital hydrographic data.IHO 1996.
[13]IHO.S-52 Specification for chart content and display aspects of ECDIS.IHO 1996.
[14]王安国,吴炳占.ECDIS的现状及其发展趋势.航海技术,1999(3).
[15]郭辛,赵德鹏.《中国电子海图显示与信息系统的研究与发展》.国际航行年会论文集,1994.
[16]王勇,世界上海上重大溢油事故(1967-1991).交通环保(水运版),1991(6).
[17]徐长银,海湾战争后的自然环境令人堪忧,海洋世界,1991.
[18]万帮和,海洋石油污染及其危害,海洋环境科学,1986.5(3).
[19]国家海洋局海洋污染概况编写组.海洋污染概况.北京:石油工业出版社,1975.
[20]史鄂候.中国近海海域的水污染.中国环境科学,1984.4(3).
[21]MeCay.Deborah Freneh.Development and application of damage assessment modeling:Example assessment for the North Cape oil spill.Marine Pollution Bulletin 47(9-12):341-359,2003.
[22]Fingas,M.F.,Hollebone.B.P.Review of behaviour of oil in freezing environments. Marine Pollution Bulletin47(9-12):333-340,2003.
[23]杉崎昭生.电子海图的现状及其未来趋势.国外航海科技,1987(1).
[24]周炜.电子海图及其应用.中国水运,2002(6).
[25]王世林.电子海图显示与信息系统使用指南.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2002.
[26]张英俊.电子海图的数学和算法基础.大连:大连海事大学出版社,2001.
[27]胡海刚,张尧.正确理解和使用ECDIS.世界海运,2000(5).
[28]Hempstead,Lee Alexander.Certifying Mariners in theOperational use of ECDIS.http://www.nos.noaa.gov.
[29]Christian Hempstead.ECDIS is a powerful tool but it requires substantial training.Professional Mariner Online.2002.
[30]IMO.Performance Standards of ECDIS.IMO Resolution A.1995,817(19).
[31]IMO.Interim Guidance On Training and Assessment in the Operational use of ECDIS Simulators.LONDON,2001.
[32]IHO TRANSFER STANDARD DIGITAL HYDROGRAPHIC DATA PUBLICATION S-57,Edition 3.0March 1996.Published by the Internationa Hydrographic Bureau.
[33]电子海图及其应用系统国际规范和标准(S-57篇).中华人民共和国海事局.
[34]Colour & Symbol Specifications for ECDIS 4th Edition,July 1997 Published by the International Hydrographic Bureau MONACO.
[35]电子海图及其应用系统国际规范和标准(S-52篇).中华人民共和国海事局.
[36]李宏利.电子海图技术国际标准研究.北京:海潮出版社,2005.
[37]史世新.电子海图概论.电子科技导报,1998(1).
[38]许开宇.符合国际标准的电子海图显示和信息系统.船舶工程,1999(5).
[39]Clayberg,Rubel,周良忠.Eclipse插件开发.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[40]Karli Watson等著.C#入门经典.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[41]孙永强.Visual C#.NET入门与提高.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[42]Ted Faison著,战晓苏译.Visual C#基于组件的开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[43]Herbert Schmidt.The C# Complete Reference.Bering:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2002.
[44]中国海事局.中国海上搜救中心水上险情应急反应程序.北京:中国海事局,2002.
[45]张永良,刘培哲.水环境容量综合手册.北京:清华大学出版社,1991.
[46]李炜.环境水力学进展.武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社,1999.
[47]刘鸿亮,韩国刚.中国水环境预测与对策概论.北京:中国环境出版社,1988.
[48]毛文永,文剑平.全球环境问题与对策.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[49]我国近海海域的环境质量和污染监测研究.海洋环境科学.1992(3).
[50]赵如箱.浅谈溢油模型的发展及其应用设想,交通环保,2000(8).
[51]ANDERSON E L.The OILMAPWin/WOSM oil spill model:Application to hindcast a river spill.Proceeding of the 18th Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program,Technical Seminar.Edmonton:1995.793-817.
[52]LEECH M.OSIS:A windows oil spill information system.Proceedings of the 16th Arctic and Marine Oil Spill Program,Technical Seminar.Calgary:1993.549-556.
[53]Fay J.A.1969.The spread oil slicks on calm sea,in oil on the sea,D.P.Hount,ed.Plenum Press,NewYork,53-63.
[54]Bloclkker P C.Spreading end evaporation of petroleum products on water.Proc,4th Internal,Harbour Congress,Antwerp,the Netherlands,911-919.
[55]Zhao W Q,Wu Z H.1988.A model of spreading,dispersion and edvection caused by an oii slick on the unstable sea surface.Proc.of 6 th APD-IAHR Congress.Kyoto,Japan.
[56]Sebastiao P,Guedes-Soares C.Modeling the Fate of Oil Spill at Sea.Spill Science & Technology Bulletin.1995年2月:121-131.
[57]张存智,窦振兴,韩康等.三维溢油动态预报模式.海洋环境科学.1997(1).
[58]张波,吴冠等.中文windows环境下的海上溢油预报系统.海洋环境科学.1997.
[59]吴信才.地理信息系统设计与实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[60]刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程-组件篇.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[61]Phani K.Ral等.用于应急计划的图示溢油踪迹及其对海岸影响模型.交通环保.2002.