船舶同步发电机频载自动调节装置的设计
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摘要
船舶电站是船舶电力系统的重要组成部分。船舶电站运行的可靠性、经济性对保证船舶的安全航行营运具有重要意义。由于计算机网络技术的发展及其在现代船舶上的应用,使船舶电站的管理和操作朝自动化和智能化的方向发展。本文以船舶电站的自动控制为研究对象,将可编程控制器(PLC)应用与发电机的调频调载控制,完成了船舶同步发电机的调频调载装置的设计。
本文的设计中,依据船舶同步发电机的运行原理及相关规范的要求,对发电机实现自动起动、合闸供电、并联运行、重载询问、解列停机等运行条件进行分析和阐述,并设计相应的逻辑流程图。本装置以西门子公司开发的S7—300系列PLC为控制核心,结合信号采集单元和执行单元,根据电网频率的变化对发电机转速作出调整,根据电网负荷的变化对发电机输出功率作出调整。
本装置利用西门子公司的编程软件STEP7 5.4设计发电机运行控制梯形图、STL语言及PLC通讯网络。利用西门子公司的组态软件WinCC来组态监控界面,以完成数据采集并控制输出设备的安全、高速、高效的运行,实现发电机组自动起动、并联运行、调频调载及解列停机等功能。
Ship power station is an important component to the whole ship power system. That ship runs reliably and economically holds a significant meaning for ensuring ship operates safely. The development and application of computer and network technology on modern ship industry propel the automation and intellectualization of management and operation of ship power station. This thesis adopts the automatic control as research subject. The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is applied to ship power station automatic control system, which achieve the design of synchronous generator parallel operation and frequency and active power auto regulator.
This paper, in accordance with the operation principle and relative regulations of synchronous generator, analyzes the conditions for realizing automatic start, switch-on and power supply, parallel operation, heavy load inquiry, and separation and shutting down, and compile the relative logic flow chart. The frequency and power regulator is designed based on the SIEMENS S7-300 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as control center and combined with the signal collecting unit and execution unit that enable the frequency and power regulator to adjust the speed of generator according to the grid frequency. The regulator adjusts the output power of synchronous generator according to electric network load, and sends out instruction such as parallel operation and separation and shutting down according to working conditions requirement.
Generator operation control program is to be designed via the ladder program of S7 - 300 STEP7 5.4. By use of SIEMENS configurable software WinCC, the system designs monitoring-interface, achieves data collection and realizes the monitoring and control of synchronous generator.
本文的设计中,依据船舶同步发电机的运行原理及相关规范的要求,对发电机实现自动起动、合闸供电、并联运行、重载询问、解列停机等运行条件进行分析和阐述,并设计相应的逻辑流程图。本装置以西门子公司开发的S7—300系列PLC为控制核心,结合信号采集单元和执行单元,根据电网频率的变化对发电机转速作出调整,根据电网负荷的变化对发电机输出功率作出调整。
本装置利用西门子公司的编程软件STEP7 5.4设计发电机运行控制梯形图、STL语言及PLC通讯网络。利用西门子公司的组态软件WinCC来组态监控界面,以完成数据采集并控制输出设备的安全、高速、高效的运行,实现发电机组自动起动、并联运行、调频调载及解列停机等功能。
Ship power station is an important component to the whole ship power system. That ship runs reliably and economically holds a significant meaning for ensuring ship operates safely. The development and application of computer and network technology on modern ship industry propel the automation and intellectualization of management and operation of ship power station. This thesis adopts the automatic control as research subject. The Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is applied to ship power station automatic control system, which achieve the design of synchronous generator parallel operation and frequency and active power auto regulator.
This paper, in accordance with the operation principle and relative regulations of synchronous generator, analyzes the conditions for realizing automatic start, switch-on and power supply, parallel operation, heavy load inquiry, and separation and shutting down, and compile the relative logic flow chart. The frequency and power regulator is designed based on the SIEMENS S7-300 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as control center and combined with the signal collecting unit and execution unit that enable the frequency and power regulator to adjust the speed of generator according to the grid frequency. The regulator adjusts the output power of synchronous generator according to electric network load, and sends out instruction such as parallel operation and separation and shutting down according to working conditions requirement.
Generator operation control program is to be designed via the ladder program of S7 - 300 STEP7 5.4. By use of SIEMENS configurable software WinCC, the system designs monitoring-interface, achieves data collection and realizes the monitoring and control of synchronous generator.
引文
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[2]吴树雄.船舶轮机自动测控技术.大连:大连海事大学,2000.
[3]陆祥润,刘凤梧.船舶电气实用指南.大连.大连海运学院出版社,1993.
[4]廖常初.大中型PLC应用教程.北京.机械工业出版社,2005.
[5]鲁远东.PLC机电控制系统应用设计技术.电子工业出版社,2006.
[6]胡健.西门子S7-300PLC应用教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[7]史际昌.船舶电气设备及系统.大连:大连海事大学出版社,1998.
[8]黄伦坤,朱正鹏,刘宗德.船舶电站及其自动装置.北京:人民交通出版社,1994.
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[10]杨国豪.可编程控制器在船舶电站并车装置中的应用.中国修船.1999,1:34-35、38
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[14]王勇.船舶电站集散型微机控制系统设计原则的研究及系统程序设计:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2000.
[15]李伟光.基于PLC的集散型船舶电站监控系统:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2003.
[16]刘珊珊.基于模糊控制的船舶电站自动调频调载装置的研究与设计:(硕士学位论文)大连:大连海事大学,2007.
[17]郑万章.基于的船舶电站网络式监控系统的研究.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2007.
[18]张飞.分布式船舶电站自动化系统的研究.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2001.
[19]孟宪尧,韩新洁,白广来等.海上作业多用途工作船自动控制系统.大连:连海事大学出版社,2004.
[20]Omura,Hiroshi.Introduction of PLC instrumentation and application example.Kami Pa Gikyoshi/Japan Tappi Journal,v 60,n 3,March,2006,p 85-92
[21]陈凯,船舶发电机综合保护试验装置.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2005
[22]宋伯生.PLC编程实用指南,北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[23]欧金成,欧世乐,林德杰等.组态软件的现状与发展.自动化博览,2002(2):42-45
[24]张爱华.基十组态王软件的泵站计算机监控系统研究:(硕士学位论文).西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.
[25]高鸿斌,孔美静,赫孟合.西门子PLC与工业控制网络应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[26]西门子(中国)有限公司自动化与驱动集团.深入浅出西门子WinCC V6.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[27]马国华.监控组态软件及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[28]于风卫,孙红英,张志德.PLC控制的船舶电站准同期并网合闸控制.电气应用,2007,26(4):77-80.
[29]黄建新.船舶电站微机保护及自动准同步并车系统研究.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2004.
[30]黄丽卿,杨国豪,俞万能等.船舶电站可编程序自动频载调节装置.中国航海,2002,3:64-65.
[31]Biegacki S.VanGompel D The Application of DeviceNet in Process Control.ISA Transactions,1996,35(2):169-176.
[32]Pinto,James J.PLC Communications With Personal Computers.Proceedings of the Annual Control Engineering Conference 5th.Technical Publ Co,New York,NY,USA
[33]Pinto,James J.PC-TO-PLC Communications Through Multi-Processors(Action Instruments Inc,San Diego,CA,USA) Source:ISA,1986,p 233-239.
[34]Naake,Jens;Dibowski,Henrik;Kabitzsch,Klaus PLC-integrated process monitoring and prediction of the resulting real-time load INDIN'06,2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics,INDIN'06,2007,p 880-885.
[35]Chaturvedi,D.K.Load frequency control:A generalized neural network approach International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy System,v 21,n 6,Aug,1999,p 405-415
[36]Kocaarslan,Ilhan.Fuzzy logic controller in interconnected electrical power systems for load-frequency control International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,v 27,n 8,October,2005,p 542-549.
[37]Daneshmand,Shabnam Vahdati,Kazemi,et al,Introduction a novel approach for power system load-frequency control.WSEAS Transactions on Systems,v 4,n 7,July,2005,p 1064-1069.
[38]Garus J.;Zak,B.Digital management system of ship power station Management Information Systems,Management Information Systems 2000,2000,p205-212.
[39]田质广,孟宪尧.张慧芬.船舶电站频率/有功功率的智能调节.中国航海,2004,2:70-72.
[40]Wang XiaoYuan Du JingJuan;Qi LiXiao et al Supervision control system of chemical industry based on WinCC Huagong Zidonghua Ji Yibiao/Control and Instruments in Chemical Industry,v 33,n 5,October,2006,p 41-43+47.
[41]Sun Caiqin,Guo Chen;Shi Chengjun.Modeling and simulating to large intelligent marine power station system,Proceedings of the World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation(WCICA),2006,p 6128-6132..
[42]陈立定,吴玉香,苏开才.电气控制与可编程控制器,广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001.
[43]何小阳.计算机监控原理及技术,重庆:重庆大学出版社2003.
[44]Garus J,Zak B.Integrated ship data logger.Management Information Systems,Management Information Systems 2000,p 455-460
[45]Shasteen Michael,Davey Kent;Longoria Raul;et al IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium,ESTS 2007,IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium,ESTS 2007,p 196-200.
[46]Liu Xingqiao,Shi Zhenwei,Yao Yanchun;Control system of loading manipulator Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines Systems,2005,p 1507-1512.
[47]亢少红.船舶电站自动并网控制系统及控制屏的实现.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2004.
[48]李吉宽.单片机模糊控制在船舶电站自动并车中的应用.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2000
[49]宋超,李功宣,余向东.PLC及其通信技术在舰船电站监控系统中的应用.测控技术2004,23(4):41-42
[50]SIEMENS.Wincc Communication Manual.1999:101-103
[51]Ziemba Robert.Use of a programmable logic controller(PLC) for temperature,position,velocity and pressure control of injection molding machinery.IEEE Conference Record of Annual Conference of Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries,1989,p12-19.
[52]SIEMENS.Wincc速成手册,2001.
[53]Siemens AG.Ladder Logic(LAD) for S7-300 and S7-400 Programming Reference Manual,2003
[54]刘宏达.船舶电站控制系统及物理仿真装置的研究.(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2003.
[55]SIEMENS.SIMATIC STEP7 V5.2 编程.2001,89-112.
[56]Saridis G N.Analytic formulation of the principle of increasing precision with decreasing intelligence for intelligent machine.Automatica,1989,Vol.25,No.3.
[57]Astrom K J,Hagglund T.Automaticturning of simple regulations with Specifica tiononphase andamplitude margins[J].Atuomatic,1984,Vol.20,No.5:645-651.
[58]鲍城志.动力系统最佳运行及其控制.北京:科学出版社,1965.
[59]郑凤阁.轮机自动化.大连:大连海事大学出版社,1999
[60]孙鹤旭,梁涛,云立军.Profibus现场总线控制系统的设计与开发.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.
[61]严盈富.监控组态软件与PLC入门.北京:人民邮政出版社,2006.
[62]骆德汉.可编程控制器与现场总线网络控制.北京:科学出版社,2005.
[2]吴树雄.船舶轮机自动测控技术.大连:大连海事大学,2000.
[3]陆祥润,刘凤梧.船舶电气实用指南.大连.大连海运学院出版社,1993.
[4]廖常初.大中型PLC应用教程.北京.机械工业出版社,2005.
[5]鲁远东.PLC机电控制系统应用设计技术.电子工业出版社,2006.
[6]胡健.西门子S7-300PLC应用教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2007.
[7]史际昌.船舶电气设备及系统.大连:大连海事大学出版社,1998.
[8]黄伦坤,朱正鹏,刘宗德.船舶电站及其自动装置.北京:人民交通出版社,1994.
[9]解源,杨国豪,王恒等.船舶电站自动并车装置信号检测原理与实现.传感器技术,2001,(20)3:42-44.
[10]杨国豪.可编程控制器在船舶电站并车装置中的应用.中国修船.1999,1:34-35、38
[11]吕奇伟,赵殿礼,张春来.基于PLC的船舶同步发电机自动准同步并车装置的设计.大连海事大学学报,2008.
[12]中国船级社.2006钢质海船入级规范.北京:中国船级社,2006.
[13]马本农.基于PLC的船舶电站综合控制系统的应用研究:(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[14]王勇.船舶电站集散型微机控制系统设计原则的研究及系统程序设计:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2000.
[15]李伟光.基于PLC的集散型船舶电站监控系统:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2003.
[16]刘珊珊.基于模糊控制的船舶电站自动调频调载装置的研究与设计:(硕士学位论文)大连:大连海事大学,2007.
[17]郑万章.基于的船舶电站网络式监控系统的研究.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2007.
[18]张飞.分布式船舶电站自动化系统的研究.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2001.
[19]孟宪尧,韩新洁,白广来等.海上作业多用途工作船自动控制系统.大连:连海事大学出版社,2004.
[20]Omura,Hiroshi.Introduction of PLC instrumentation and application example.Kami Pa Gikyoshi/Japan Tappi Journal,v 60,n 3,March,2006,p 85-92
[21]陈凯,船舶发电机综合保护试验装置.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2005
[22]宋伯生.PLC编程实用指南,北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[23]欧金成,欧世乐,林德杰等.组态软件的现状与发展.自动化博览,2002(2):42-45
[24]张爱华.基十组态王软件的泵站计算机监控系统研究:(硕士学位论文).西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.
[25]高鸿斌,孔美静,赫孟合.西门子PLC与工业控制网络应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[26]西门子(中国)有限公司自动化与驱动集团.深入浅出西门子WinCC V6.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[27]马国华.监控组态软件及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[28]于风卫,孙红英,张志德.PLC控制的船舶电站准同期并网合闸控制.电气应用,2007,26(4):77-80.
[29]黄建新.船舶电站微机保护及自动准同步并车系统研究.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2004.
[30]黄丽卿,杨国豪,俞万能等.船舶电站可编程序自动频载调节装置.中国航海,2002,3:64-65.
[31]Biegacki S.VanGompel D The Application of DeviceNet in Process Control.ISA Transactions,1996,35(2):169-176.
[32]Pinto,James J.PLC Communications With Personal Computers.Proceedings of the Annual Control Engineering Conference 5th.Technical Publ Co,New York,NY,USA
[33]Pinto,James J.PC-TO-PLC Communications Through Multi-Processors(Action Instruments Inc,San Diego,CA,USA) Source:ISA,1986,p 233-239.
[34]Naake,Jens;Dibowski,Henrik;Kabitzsch,Klaus PLC-integrated process monitoring and prediction of the resulting real-time load INDIN'06,2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics,INDIN'06,2007,p 880-885.
[35]Chaturvedi,D.K.Load frequency control:A generalized neural network approach International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy System,v 21,n 6,Aug,1999,p 405-415
[36]Kocaarslan,Ilhan.Fuzzy logic controller in interconnected electrical power systems for load-frequency control International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,v 27,n 8,October,2005,p 542-549.
[37]Daneshmand,Shabnam Vahdati,Kazemi,et al,Introduction a novel approach for power system load-frequency control.WSEAS Transactions on Systems,v 4,n 7,July,2005,p 1064-1069.
[38]Garus J.;Zak,B.Digital management system of ship power station Management Information Systems,Management Information Systems 2000,2000,p205-212.
[39]田质广,孟宪尧.张慧芬.船舶电站频率/有功功率的智能调节.中国航海,2004,2:70-72.
[40]Wang XiaoYuan Du JingJuan;Qi LiXiao et al Supervision control system of chemical industry based on WinCC Huagong Zidonghua Ji Yibiao/Control and Instruments in Chemical Industry,v 33,n 5,October,2006,p 41-43+47.
[41]Sun Caiqin,Guo Chen;Shi Chengjun.Modeling and simulating to large intelligent marine power station system,Proceedings of the World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation(WCICA),2006,p 6128-6132..
[42]陈立定,吴玉香,苏开才.电气控制与可编程控制器,广州:华南理工大学出版社,2001.
[43]何小阳.计算机监控原理及技术,重庆:重庆大学出版社2003.
[44]Garus J,Zak B.Integrated ship data logger.Management Information Systems,Management Information Systems 2000,p 455-460
[45]Shasteen Michael,Davey Kent;Longoria Raul;et al IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium,ESTS 2007,IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium,ESTS 2007,p 196-200.
[46]Liu Xingqiao,Shi Zhenwei,Yao Yanchun;Control system of loading manipulator Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines Systems,2005,p 1507-1512.
[47]亢少红.船舶电站自动并网控制系统及控制屏的实现.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2004.
[48]李吉宽.单片机模糊控制在船舶电站自动并车中的应用.(硕士学位论文).大连:大连海事大学,2000
[49]宋超,李功宣,余向东.PLC及其通信技术在舰船电站监控系统中的应用.测控技术2004,23(4):41-42
[50]SIEMENS.Wincc Communication Manual.1999:101-103
[51]Ziemba Robert.Use of a programmable logic controller(PLC) for temperature,position,velocity and pressure control of injection molding machinery.IEEE Conference Record of Annual Conference of Electrical Engineering Problems in the Rubber and Plastics Industries,1989,p12-19.
[52]SIEMENS.Wincc速成手册,2001.
[53]Siemens AG.Ladder Logic(LAD) for S7-300 and S7-400 Programming Reference Manual,2003
[54]刘宏达.船舶电站控制系统及物理仿真装置的研究.(硕士学位论文).哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2003.
[55]SIEMENS.SIMATIC STEP7 V5.2 编程.2001,89-112.
[56]Saridis G N.Analytic formulation of the principle of increasing precision with decreasing intelligence for intelligent machine.Automatica,1989,Vol.25,No.3.
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