户用光伏逆变电源系统研究
摘要
能源是人类社会发展和经济增长最基本的驱动力,但是,人类在享受能源带来的科技进步、经济发展等利益的同时,也遇到一系列诸如能源短缺、资源争夺以及过度使用化石能源造成的环境污染等问题。因此,为实现人类社会的可持续发展,必须依靠科技进步,有效地开发利用新能源。太阳能是取之不尽用之不竭的,其具有储量的无限性、开发利用的清洁性、存在的普遍性,它的开发利用是解决常规能源带来的能源短缺、环境污染和温室效应等问题的有效途径,是人类理想的替代能源。考虑到一些地区比较偏远,电网不能达到,用电比较困难,而这些地区通常太阳能资源非常丰富,因此,开发设计一套具有良好性能的户用光伏逆变电源系统就有十分重要的现实意义。
本文首先介绍了户用光伏逆变电源系统的组成,分析了作为系统核心部件之一的太阳能电池的特性,针对太阳能电池价格昂贵以及其特殊的电特性,我们考虑了最大功率跟踪(MPPT)问题,以便最大限度的利用太阳能,提高系统的效率节约发电成本。文中分别对太阳能电池和最大功率跟踪进行了建模仿真分析,以验证理论分析。蓄电池作为系统的储能环节,同时也是系统中最薄弱的部分,其运行好坏直接影响着系统的寿命,这里我们采用四阶段充电法对蓄电池进行充电,根据光伏电源系统的特点,分别设计了充电电路和放电电路,以实现蓄电池的最佳充电和最优放电。系统主电路包括DC-DC升压环节和DC-AC逆变两部分,本文分别进行了参数设计,其中升压环节采用BOOST电路,最大功率跟踪也是基于它来实现的,逆变部分采用全桥来完成,同时为了给控制系统以及其他环节提供电源,我们还设计了辅助电源系统,其输入为光伏阵列的输入电压。由于在系统设计中我们采用了高频变压器和开关管,因此必须考虑电磁干扰问题,文中分析了系统中产生电磁干扰的原因,并提出了抑制的措施。系统控制部分以TMS320F2407A DSP为核心,完成控制的硬件和软件设计。
根据这些研究,本文设计了一套700W的户用光伏逆变电源系统,并对其性能进行了测试,实验结果表明,系统运行良好,各项指标均达到设计要求。
Energy is the basic driving force for the development of human society and economic growth,however,while human beings are benefiting from the scientific and technological progress,economic development and other interests which are brought by the energy,they are also facing a series of problems,such as energy shortage,environmental pollution and so on.Therefore,in order to achieve the sustainable development of human society,we must rely on scientific and technological progress as well as the effective development and utilization of new energy. Solar energy is inexhaustible and it has a Unlimited storage, is clean to explore,meanwhile,it is universal in nature .Its exploitation is the effective way to solve the energy shortage, environmental pollution and greenhouse,solar energy is the ideal alternative energy. Considering the remoteness of some areas, power grid can not be covered,which is hard to meet requirement ,however,these areas are usually very rich in solar energy resources, so it is of vital realistic significance to development and design of a good performance photovoltaic inverter systems.
Firstly,the composition of photovoltaic inverter system is introduced and the characteristics of solar cells are analyzed. Because of the costliness and the specific electrical characteristics, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT)is taken into consideration to maximize the use of solar energy and improve the efficiency of the system to save cost of power generation. And then simulation about the solar cells and MPPT are analyzed .Being the weakest part of the system,the battery is used for energy storage, which directly effects the life of the system. Four-stage charging method is used here ,according to the characteristics of PV power systems,the charging circuit and the release point circuits are designed respectively to realise optimal battery charging and the best discharging.Thirdly, system main circuit consisits of the DC-DC step-up and DC-AC inverter part, parameters are designed here, where boost links use BOOST circuit, MPPT is achieved based on it, while inverter part use full-bridge to complete.In order to provide power for the control system and other links, the auxiliary power system is also designed, whose input is the input voltage of photovoltaic array. Because high-frequency transformer and switch are used in the system design ,the problem of electromagnetic interference should be considered, the system electromagnetic interference is analyzed and some restraints are proposed .System control section use TMS320F2407A DSP to complete the control of the hardware and software design.
Based on the studies above, a 700W photovoltaic inverter system is designed and its performance test is finished .Experiment results show that the system performs well and all the indicators meet the design requirements.
本文首先介绍了户用光伏逆变电源系统的组成,分析了作为系统核心部件之一的太阳能电池的特性,针对太阳能电池价格昂贵以及其特殊的电特性,我们考虑了最大功率跟踪(MPPT)问题,以便最大限度的利用太阳能,提高系统的效率节约发电成本。文中分别对太阳能电池和最大功率跟踪进行了建模仿真分析,以验证理论分析。蓄电池作为系统的储能环节,同时也是系统中最薄弱的部分,其运行好坏直接影响着系统的寿命,这里我们采用四阶段充电法对蓄电池进行充电,根据光伏电源系统的特点,分别设计了充电电路和放电电路,以实现蓄电池的最佳充电和最优放电。系统主电路包括DC-DC升压环节和DC-AC逆变两部分,本文分别进行了参数设计,其中升压环节采用BOOST电路,最大功率跟踪也是基于它来实现的,逆变部分采用全桥来完成,同时为了给控制系统以及其他环节提供电源,我们还设计了辅助电源系统,其输入为光伏阵列的输入电压。由于在系统设计中我们采用了高频变压器和开关管,因此必须考虑电磁干扰问题,文中分析了系统中产生电磁干扰的原因,并提出了抑制的措施。系统控制部分以TMS320F2407A DSP为核心,完成控制的硬件和软件设计。
根据这些研究,本文设计了一套700W的户用光伏逆变电源系统,并对其性能进行了测试,实验结果表明,系统运行良好,各项指标均达到设计要求。
Energy is the basic driving force for the development of human society and economic growth,however,while human beings are benefiting from the scientific and technological progress,economic development and other interests which are brought by the energy,they are also facing a series of problems,such as energy shortage,environmental pollution and so on.Therefore,in order to achieve the sustainable development of human society,we must rely on scientific and technological progress as well as the effective development and utilization of new energy. Solar energy is inexhaustible and it has a Unlimited storage, is clean to explore,meanwhile,it is universal in nature .Its exploitation is the effective way to solve the energy shortage, environmental pollution and greenhouse,solar energy is the ideal alternative energy. Considering the remoteness of some areas, power grid can not be covered,which is hard to meet requirement ,however,these areas are usually very rich in solar energy resources, so it is of vital realistic significance to development and design of a good performance photovoltaic inverter systems.
Firstly,the composition of photovoltaic inverter system is introduced and the characteristics of solar cells are analyzed. Because of the costliness and the specific electrical characteristics, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT)is taken into consideration to maximize the use of solar energy and improve the efficiency of the system to save cost of power generation. And then simulation about the solar cells and MPPT are analyzed .Being the weakest part of the system,the battery is used for energy storage, which directly effects the life of the system. Four-stage charging method is used here ,according to the characteristics of PV power systems,the charging circuit and the release point circuits are designed respectively to realise optimal battery charging and the best discharging.Thirdly, system main circuit consisits of the DC-DC step-up and DC-AC inverter part, parameters are designed here, where boost links use BOOST circuit, MPPT is achieved based on it, while inverter part use full-bridge to complete.In order to provide power for the control system and other links, the auxiliary power system is also designed, whose input is the input voltage of photovoltaic array. Because high-frequency transformer and switch are used in the system design ,the problem of electromagnetic interference should be considered, the system electromagnetic interference is analyzed and some restraints are proposed .System control section use TMS320F2407A DSP to complete the control of the hardware and software design.
Based on the studies above, a 700W photovoltaic inverter system is designed and its performance test is finished .Experiment results show that the system performs well and all the indicators meet the design requirements.
引文
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[8]陈玉磊.单体太阳能电池检测系统自动上下料及分拣机构的研制(硕士学位论文).上海:上海大学,2008年.
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[10]沈辉,舒碧芬,闻立时.我国太阳能光伏产业的发展机遇与战略对策[J].电池,2005,35(6):430-432.
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[12]赵庚申,王庆章.最大功率跟踪控制在光伏系统中的应用.光电子激光,2003,14(8):813-816.
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[14]罗昉,徐鹏威,康勇等.一种光伏系统变步长MPPT策略研究[J].通信电源术,2007,24(2):1-5.
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