小型四轴实验型雕铣系统研究
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摘要
随着现代加工制造业的发展,既可做精细雕刻,又能做切割的雕铣机得到了较大的发展。它不仅具有高效率的铣削加工能力,同时具有高表面质量的精细雕刻功能,使高效率和高精度得以有机统一。本文设计的小型四轴实验型雕铣机主要用于EPS(可发性聚苯乙烯)或工业用蜡的雕铣。课题来源于陕西省海外留学归国人员重点资助项目,目的是实现通用型控制平台,然后对此平台进行验证和评估。
本文首先分析了雕铣机及数控系统的发展现状,并在研究了国内外开放式数控系统的基础上,提出了基于PLC控制的数控系统的应用。
然后根据小型四轴实验用雕铣机的特点,提出了雕铣机机械部分的总体设计方案,其中包括雕铣机运动方式、主要直线传动元件、刀具及雕铣方式的选择,然后对各主要零部件进行了设计、计算和选型,用SOLIDWORKS建立了整体机械模型。
最后对雕铣机控制系统的硬件及软件展开设计。在硬件设计当中,根据控制对象的结构和控制要求确定了本系统的运动控制方案,对各控制环节进行详细设计和选型,并围绕步进电机运动特性提出了电机升降速控制方案及驱动控制方案。在软件设计当中,完成了直线和圆弧插补算法及流程图设计,并运用GX-DEVELOPER编程软件编制出了XYZ轴点动和XY平面直线和圆弧插补梯形图程序。
小型四轴雕铣机的开发设计,具有很深的理论价值和广阔的实用价值,并对其它经济型运动控制方式的研究和机床的数控化改造具有借鉴意义和参考价值。
With the development of modern processing and manufacturing industries, the engraving and milling machine which can do fine carving as well as cutting and milling has developed greatly. Because of its high efficient milling capacity and high surface quality of fine carvings, the engraving and milling machine can enable high efficiency and high precision to be an organic unity. The small and experimental four-axis engraving and milling machine designed in this paper is mainly used for the milling of EPS or industrial wax. The topic derived from the key program of the returned students of Shaanxi province and its purpose is to achieve universal control platform and then to verify and evaluate this platform.
Firstly, the development status of engraving and milling machine and CNC system are analyzed in this paper, and CNC system controlled by PLC is proposed, which is based on the research status at home and abroad of the open CNC system.
Secondly, according to the features of the small and experimental four-axis engraving and milling machine, the general scheme of the mechanical design is advanced, including the selection of the movement pattern, the main linear drive components, the tool and the pattern of engraving and milling. Then, the design,calculation and the choice of the types of the main components are also accomplished. Meanwhile, the mechanical model of the machine is built by using SOLIDWORKS.
Finally, the hardware and the software of the control system of the machine is designed. During the designing of the hardware, the motion control scheme is worked out according to the structures of the objects and the control requirements, every link in control chain is designed and chosen in details, and the lifting and decreasing speed scheme and the drive control of the motor is submitted as well based on the motion characteristic of the Stepping motor. In the designing procession of the software, the line, arc interpolation algorithm and the design of the flow chart are accomplished, the independently move of XYZ axis and the line and arc interpolation algorithm in X Y plane are programmed by using the GX-DEVELOPER.
The development and design of this machine is of great value in terms of theory and practice, especially, makes references to the research of the economical movement control mode and reform of CNC machine tools.
本文首先分析了雕铣机及数控系统的发展现状,并在研究了国内外开放式数控系统的基础上,提出了基于PLC控制的数控系统的应用。
然后根据小型四轴实验用雕铣机的特点,提出了雕铣机机械部分的总体设计方案,其中包括雕铣机运动方式、主要直线传动元件、刀具及雕铣方式的选择,然后对各主要零部件进行了设计、计算和选型,用SOLIDWORKS建立了整体机械模型。
最后对雕铣机控制系统的硬件及软件展开设计。在硬件设计当中,根据控制对象的结构和控制要求确定了本系统的运动控制方案,对各控制环节进行详细设计和选型,并围绕步进电机运动特性提出了电机升降速控制方案及驱动控制方案。在软件设计当中,完成了直线和圆弧插补算法及流程图设计,并运用GX-DEVELOPER编程软件编制出了XYZ轴点动和XY平面直线和圆弧插补梯形图程序。
小型四轴雕铣机的开发设计,具有很深的理论价值和广阔的实用价值,并对其它经济型运动控制方式的研究和机床的数控化改造具有借鉴意义和参考价值。
With the development of modern processing and manufacturing industries, the engraving and milling machine which can do fine carving as well as cutting and milling has developed greatly. Because of its high efficient milling capacity and high surface quality of fine carvings, the engraving and milling machine can enable high efficiency and high precision to be an organic unity. The small and experimental four-axis engraving and milling machine designed in this paper is mainly used for the milling of EPS or industrial wax. The topic derived from the key program of the returned students of Shaanxi province and its purpose is to achieve universal control platform and then to verify and evaluate this platform.
Firstly, the development status of engraving and milling machine and CNC system are analyzed in this paper, and CNC system controlled by PLC is proposed, which is based on the research status at home and abroad of the open CNC system.
Secondly, according to the features of the small and experimental four-axis engraving and milling machine, the general scheme of the mechanical design is advanced, including the selection of the movement pattern, the main linear drive components, the tool and the pattern of engraving and milling. Then, the design,calculation and the choice of the types of the main components are also accomplished. Meanwhile, the mechanical model of the machine is built by using SOLIDWORKS.
Finally, the hardware and the software of the control system of the machine is designed. During the designing of the hardware, the motion control scheme is worked out according to the structures of the objects and the control requirements, every link in control chain is designed and chosen in details, and the lifting and decreasing speed scheme and the drive control of the motor is submitted as well based on the motion characteristic of the Stepping motor. In the designing procession of the software, the line, arc interpolation algorithm and the design of the flow chart are accomplished, the independently move of XYZ axis and the line and arc interpolation algorithm in X Y plane are programmed by using the GX-DEVELOPER.
The development and design of this machine is of great value in terms of theory and practice, especially, makes references to the research of the economical movement control mode and reform of CNC machine tools.
引文
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[2]王玉国.数控雕刻加工关键技术研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2007
[3]王洪花.五轴联动数控陶瓷雕刻机的运动控制的研究[D].南昌：南昌大学,2007
[4]徐宁,杨秀云.数控系统的现状及发展趋势[J].机械设计与制造,2006(4)：132-134
[5]杨东勇,蒋静坪.新一代智能数控的研究现状与发展[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2001,7：2-3
[6]李善术.数控机床及其应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000：2-9
[7]王爱玲,张吉堂.现代数控原理及控制系统[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2002：68-74
[8]戴晓华,王文,王威,秦兴,陈子辰.开放式数控系统研究综合[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2000,1：5-7
[9]G. Pritshow. Open System Controllers-A Challenge for the Future of the Machine Tool Industry[J]. Annals of the CIRP,1993,42 (1):499-452
[10]齐宁宁.基于PLC的开放式数控车控制系统研制[D].成都：西南交通大学,2006
[11]刘洁.开放式数控系统的几个问题研究[D].成都：西华大学硕士论文,2004
[12]雷为民,乔建中,李本忍,滕弘飞.关于软件数控的一些基本构想[J].小型微型计算机系统,1999,2：81-87
[13]叶伯声.计算机数控系统的原理、编程与操作[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1999：80-95
[14]沙玉.基于PC开放式数控系统的现状和展望[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2001,第7卷增刊：165-193
[15]夏历英,史新民.数控加工技术[M].北京：北京电子工业出版社2002：63-64
[16]Peter Deussen. Partial Order Verification of Programmable Logic Controller [J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2001,2075:144
[17]A. Ramirez-Serrano, S. C. Zhu, S.K.H.Chan, etc. Hybrid PC/PLC architecture for manufacturing-system control-theory and implementation [J]. Journal of Intelligence Manufacturing,2002,13(4):261-281
[18]王立松,苏宝库,董申.可编程多轴控制器的开放式数控系统[J].计算机集成制造系统,2002,1：65-69
[19]刘美俊.基于PC的开放式软PLC技术[J].机床电器,2006(1)：5-8
[20]韩黎.PLC在机床数控系统中的应用与研究[D].西安：西安建筑科技大学,2006
[21]濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006：407-411
[22]邹建奇,崔亚妍.材料力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2008：137-139
[23]田玉梅,吕书青.材料力学[M].北京：科学出版社,2009：129-139
[24]海老原大树.电动机技术实用手册[M].王益全,刘军.北京：科学出版社,2005：685-688
[25]成大先.机械设计手册-机械传动[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2010：60-61
[26]张云生.实时控制系统软件设计原理及应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社版1998：6-8
[27]孙丽梅.开放式数控系统中的软CNC的研究开发[D].北京：北京工业大学,2003
[28]汪小光,孙晓英.可编程控制器原理及应用(上册)[M].第二版.北京：机械工业出版社,2001：2-3
[29]王侃夫.机床数控技术基础[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2001：38-41
[30]廖效果.数控技术[M].武汉：湖北科学技术出版社,2000：80-154
[31]Borjes, H. Characteristics and applications of stepping motors[J]. ETZ, 2007,36(36):44-45
[32]王志强.步进电机和交流伺服电机性能综合比较[J].天津职业院校联合学报,2006,8(5)：14-17
[33]许建国.电机与拖动基础[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2009：154-156
[34]Heidwein. Control circuits for stepping motors [J]. Electronic Industry, 2006,37 (8-9):50-51
[35]Visconti, G. Stepping motors [J]. Electronic Oggi,2002,310:140-143
[36]Jansen, D. Clever controls for stepping motors [J]. Electronic,2002,22(51): 82-89
[37]Rong Pan-xiang, He Zhi-jun. Design of numerical control system for stepper motor[J]. Electric Machines and Control,2009,3:272-275
[38]李福生.数控机床技术手册[M].北京：北京出版社出版,1996,525-536
[39]李玲娟.多细分两相混合式步进电机驱动器的研制[D].西安：西北工业大学,2007
[40]刁奉丽.二相混合式步进电机微步驱动技术的研究与实现[D].西安：西安理工大学,2006
[41]朱佳娜.步进电机多轴运动控制系统的研究[D].成都：四川大学,2004
[42]胡汉才.单片机原理及系统设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002：43-44
[43]王庆之.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2000：260-261
[44]廖常初.FX系列PLC编程及应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005：85-92
[45]张均,卢涵宇主编.可编程序控制器原理及应用[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2007：28-29
[46]王淑芳.电机驱动技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2008：207-211
[47]王洪花.五轴联动数控陶瓷雕刻机的运动控制的研究[D].南昌：南昌大学,2007
[48]应锦春.现代设计方法[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000：22-38
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