LFM脉冲压缩系统设计技术研究
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摘要
论文研究了线性调频(LFM)脉冲信号的特征及其数字压缩技术,进行了理论分析仿真。结合某型号引信系统的技战术指标要求,考虑现代信号处理技术与器件发展,探索了信号产生及其工程实现等问题。
线性调频脉冲信号是一种研究最早、应用最广泛的大时宽带宽积信号,其频谱宽度与脉冲宽度可以独立选取,从而得到较高的测距精度和测速精度。另外,由于它对多普勒效应不敏感,所以处理方便;周期模糊函数作为一种分析雷达性能的工具,主要适用于多周期匹配接收的周期(调制)信号。相对于传统的模糊函数,“周期”的影响表现在模糊图的多普勒轴被压缩,且随着周期数的增加压缩率增大,结果多普勒分辨率增强;基于数字技术的直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术具有分辨率高、频率范围广、相位连续、调谐速度快以及调谐方便等优点,可以方便地产生各种复杂信号,并且可以输出正交信号;相对于直接混频与PLL倍频技术,单边带抑制载波调制可以更好地保留DDS信号的相位噪声低、频率变化快等优点,并且实现也较容易。论文最后结合某型号引信工程研制,以AD9854和AD8346芯片为核心,生成LFM信号并进行单边带调制,进行了系统设计并给出了相应的软、硬件说明。
The Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) pulse compression signal is analyzed, in combination with technical and tactical specification of a certain fuse, this paper researches the generation of LFM signal as well as the engineering design.LFM signal is a kind of big product of bandwidth and timewidth by nonlinear phase modulation. The bandwidth and timewidth LFM signal could be independent choose to obtain good distance resolution and speed resolution. What's more, LFM signal is insensitive to Doppler frequency shift, which means the signal processing is easy.The periodic ambiguity function (PAF) is a tool for analyzing the performance of a radar system utilizing a periodically modulated signal and a receiver matched to one or several periods thereof. The PAF is a generalization of the periodic autocorrelation function, to the case of non-zero Doppler shift. The PAF of LFM signal shows the Doppler axis is being compressed with direct ratio of number of period, this bring the result that Doppler resolution enhanced.For DDS has Micro-Hertz turning resolution, complete digital control, fast "hopping speed" and phase-continuous frequency hops advantages, system employs AD9854 for LFM signal generation and AD8346 for single sideband modulation. System design on hardware and software are both illustrated.
线性调频脉冲信号是一种研究最早、应用最广泛的大时宽带宽积信号,其频谱宽度与脉冲宽度可以独立选取,从而得到较高的测距精度和测速精度。另外,由于它对多普勒效应不敏感,所以处理方便;周期模糊函数作为一种分析雷达性能的工具,主要适用于多周期匹配接收的周期(调制)信号。相对于传统的模糊函数,“周期”的影响表现在模糊图的多普勒轴被压缩,且随着周期数的增加压缩率增大,结果多普勒分辨率增强;基于数字技术的直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术具有分辨率高、频率范围广、相位连续、调谐速度快以及调谐方便等优点,可以方便地产生各种复杂信号,并且可以输出正交信号;相对于直接混频与PLL倍频技术,单边带抑制载波调制可以更好地保留DDS信号的相位噪声低、频率变化快等优点,并且实现也较容易。论文最后结合某型号引信工程研制,以AD9854和AD8346芯片为核心,生成LFM信号并进行单边带调制,进行了系统设计并给出了相应的软、硬件说明。
The Linear Frequency Modulation (LFM) pulse compression signal is analyzed, in combination with technical and tactical specification of a certain fuse, this paper researches the generation of LFM signal as well as the engineering design.LFM signal is a kind of big product of bandwidth and timewidth by nonlinear phase modulation. The bandwidth and timewidth LFM signal could be independent choose to obtain good distance resolution and speed resolution. What's more, LFM signal is insensitive to Doppler frequency shift, which means the signal processing is easy.The periodic ambiguity function (PAF) is a tool for analyzing the performance of a radar system utilizing a periodically modulated signal and a receiver matched to one or several periods thereof. The PAF is a generalization of the periodic autocorrelation function, to the case of non-zero Doppler shift. The PAF of LFM signal shows the Doppler axis is being compressed with direct ratio of number of period, this bring the result that Doppler resolution enhanced.For DDS has Micro-Hertz turning resolution, complete digital control, fast "hopping speed" and phase-continuous frequency hops advantages, system employs AD9854 for LFM signal generation and AD8346 for single sideband modulation. System design on hardware and software are both illustrated.
引文
1 丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.第2版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995
2 丁鹭飞,张平.雷达系统.第1版.西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1984
3 林象平.雷达对抗原理.第1版.西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985
4 贾鸿志.雷达信号分析.第1版.南京:南京理工大学,1985
5 王启才.信号检测与估计.第1版.南京:华东工学院,1988
6 张玉峥.近炸引信设计原理.第1版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995
7 柯甘.N.M.雷达引信原理.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1980
8 林茂庸,柯有安.雷达信号理论.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1984
9 费元春,朱红等.宽带雷达信号产生技术.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,2002
10 郭磊,杨中海.LFMCW雷达信号多周期模糊函数分析.电子科技大学学报.2004(10):543—546
11 张容权,杨建宇,熊金涛,向敬成.对称三角线性调频连续波信号模糊函数分析.电子学报.2004(3) 353—356
12 孙光民,朱晓华,顾红,刘国岁.随机二相码脉冲雷达信号的平均模糊函数.信号处理.1996(3):38—45
13 杨运甫,陶然,王越,赵兴浩.一种GSM无源雷达信号模型及模糊函数性质研究.中国科技论文在线
14 N·Levanon, B·etz. Comparison between Linear-FM and phase coded CW radars. IEE Proc. -Radar, Sonar Navig, Vol 141, No 4, August 1994
15 John Holloway. Investigation of Non-Linear Chirped Radar Pulses. Meeting of the ITU Radar JRC. 2004
16 许巧明,史林,彭燕.脉内线性调频、脉间二相码混合信号的脉冲压缩方法与性能分析.雷达与对抗.2003(3):19-22
17 朱晓华,顾红,刘国岁.随机码调相和正弦调频复合体制雷达引信研究.现代引信.1997(3):31—37
18 洪嘉祥.伪随机码调相与正弦调频复合引信.南京理工大学学报.1994(4):56—60
19 郭远达.无线扩频通信技术简述.现代通信.2003(5):1—6
20 徐庆,徐继麟,周先敏.线性调频-二相编码雷达信号分析.系统工程与电子技术.2002(12):7—8
21 罗勇江,刘书明,曹晓波.线性调频相位编码混合调制信号及其DDS实现.电子产品世界.2003(3上):23—25
22 徐庆,徐继麟.一类新的脉冲压缩信号的旁瓣抑制.电子科学学报.2001(12):513—517
23 Nadav Levanon, Avr Aham Freedman. AF of Quadriphase Coded Radar Pulse. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1989 (VOL. 25, NO. 6): 848—853
24 Nadav Levanon. MATLAB Code for Plotting AF. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems. 2002 (VOL. 38, NO. 3): 1064—1068
25 Nadav Levanon, Eli Mozeson. Nullifying ACF Grating Lobes in Stepped-Frequency Train of LFM Pulses. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems. 2003 (VOL. 39, NO. 2): 694—703
26 Nadav Levanon, Avr Aham Freedman. Periodic AF of CW Signals with Perfect Periodic Autocorrelation. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems. 1992 (VOL. 28, NO. 2): 387—395
27 Nadav Levanon. Properties of the Periodic AF. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems. 1994 (VOL. 30, NO. 3): 938—941
28 Eli Mozeson, Nadav Levanon. Removing Autocorrelation Sidelobes by Overlaying Orthogonal Coding on any Train of Identical Pulses. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems. 2003 (VOL. 39, NO. 2): 583—603
29 Solomon W. Golomb. Two-Valued Sequences With Perfect Periodic Autocorrelation. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1992 (VOL. 28, NO. 2): 383—386
30 Benjamin Getz, Nadav Levanon. Weight Effects on the Periodic AF. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1995 (VOL. 31, NO. 1): 182—193
31 Analog Device Inc. A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis. Analog Device Inc, 1999
32 David Buchanan. Choosing DACs for Direct Digital Synthesis. AN237. Analog Device Inc, 2002
33 Dan Morelli. DDS Overview. QAN19. Quick Logic Corporation, 2000
34 岳晓杰.AD9854及其在直扩发射机中的应用.北极星电技术网
35 吉亚平,李文臣.芯片AD9854在跳频通信系统中的应用.北极星电技术网
36 许加枫,刘抒珍,刘小红.高性能DDS芯片AD9954及其应用. http://www.21ic.com/news/n5779c71.aspx
37 马年磊,沈保锁.基于DDS的快速跳频频率合成器的设计.http://www.21ic.com/news/n1222c68.aspx
38 谭姝静,费元春.一种改善DDS性能的倍频方法.电子技术应用.http://www.chinaecnet.com/xsj/dz01614.asp
39 渠丽娟,唐小宏.用PIC单片机控制DDS芯片AD9852实现雷达跳频系统.http://www.21ic.com/news/n734c64.aspx
40 黄鹏刚.线性调频信号产生及压缩技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2000
41 Analog Device Inc. AD9854 Data Sheet. Rev C. USA, AD Inc, 2004
42 Analog Device Inc. AD9854 Evaluation Board. Rev E. USA, AD Inc, 2002
43 Analog Device Inc. AD8346 Data Sheet. Rev O. USA, AD Inc, 1999
44 Analog Device Inc. AD8346 Evaluation Board. Rev O. USA, AD Inc, 2003
45 Rick Cushing. Single-Sideband Upconversion of Quadrature DDS Singal to the 800-to-2500-MHz Band. Analog Dialogue 34-3, 2000
46 Maxim Inc. MAX2607 Data Sheet. Rev Oa. Maxim Inc, 2002
47 Maxim Inc. MAX2607 Evaluation Kits. Rev O. Maxim Inc, 2000
48 Maxim Inc. MAX2753 Data Sheet. Rev O. Maxim Inc, 2001
49 Maxim Inc. MAX2753 Evaluation Kits. Rev O. Maxim Inc, 2001
50 TI Inc. TPS78633 Data Sheet. Texas Instruments Inc, 2004
51 TI Inc. TPS78633 User's Guide. Texas Instruments Inc, 2002
52 Maxim Inc. MAX2162 Data Sheet. Rev 4. Maxim Inc, 2004
53 哈里·拉姆著,陆延丰等译.模拟和数字滤波器设计与实现.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,1985
54 张筱华,林莘.滤波技术.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,1994
55 阿瑟·B·威廉姆斯著,喻春轩等译.电子滤波器设计手册.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,1986
56 Maxim Inc. Analog Filter Design Demystified. Maxim Inc, 2002
57 Steven Green. 2-Pole Filter with Differential Input. Rev 1. Crystal Semiconductor Corporation, 1995
58 Maxim Inc. Passive Differential IF Filters for the MAX2360-61 Transmitter ICs. AN791. Maxim Inc, 2001
59 美信公司.用于MAX2360-61发送器的无源差动IF滤波器.设计参考791.美信公司,2001
60 T. C. Lun. Designing for Board Levell Electromagnetic Compatibility.
2 丁鹭飞,张平.雷达系统.第1版.西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1984
3 林象平.雷达对抗原理.第1版.西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1985
4 贾鸿志.雷达信号分析.第1版.南京:南京理工大学,1985
5 王启才.信号检测与估计.第1版.南京:华东工学院,1988
6 张玉峥.近炸引信设计原理.第1版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995
7 柯甘.N.M.雷达引信原理.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1980
8 林茂庸,柯有安.雷达信号理论.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1984
9 费元春,朱红等.宽带雷达信号产生技术.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,2002
10 郭磊,杨中海.LFMCW雷达信号多周期模糊函数分析.电子科技大学学报.2004(10):543—546
11 张容权,杨建宇,熊金涛,向敬成.对称三角线性调频连续波信号模糊函数分析.电子学报.2004(3) 353—356
12 孙光民,朱晓华,顾红,刘国岁.随机二相码脉冲雷达信号的平均模糊函数.信号处理.1996(3):38—45
13 杨运甫,陶然,王越,赵兴浩.一种GSM无源雷达信号模型及模糊函数性质研究.中国科技论文在线
14 N·Levanon, B·etz. Comparison between Linear-FM and phase coded CW radars. IEE Proc. -Radar, Sonar Navig, Vol 141, No 4, August 1994
15 John Holloway. Investigation of Non-Linear Chirped Radar Pulses. Meeting of the ITU Radar JRC. 2004
16 许巧明,史林,彭燕.脉内线性调频、脉间二相码混合信号的脉冲压缩方法与性能分析.雷达与对抗.2003(3):19-22
17 朱晓华,顾红,刘国岁.随机码调相和正弦调频复合体制雷达引信研究.现代引信.1997(3):31—37
18 洪嘉祥.伪随机码调相与正弦调频复合引信.南京理工大学学报.1994(4):56—60
19 郭远达.无线扩频通信技术简述.现代通信.2003(5):1—6
20 徐庆,徐继麟,周先敏.线性调频-二相编码雷达信号分析.系统工程与电子技术.2002(12):7—8
21 罗勇江,刘书明,曹晓波.线性调频相位编码混合调制信号及其DDS实现.电子产品世界.2003(3上):23—25
22 徐庆,徐继麟.一类新的脉冲压缩信号的旁瓣抑制.电子科学学报.2001(12):513—517
23 Nadav Levanon, Avr Aham Freedman. AF of Quadriphase Coded Radar Pulse. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1989 (VOL. 25, NO. 6): 848—853
24 Nadav Levanon. MATLAB Code for Plotting AF. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems. 2002 (VOL. 38, NO. 3): 1064—1068
25 Nadav Levanon, Eli Mozeson. Nullifying ACF Grating Lobes in Stepped-Frequency Train of LFM Pulses. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems. 2003 (VOL. 39, NO. 2): 694—703
26 Nadav Levanon, Avr Aham Freedman. Periodic AF of CW Signals with Perfect Periodic Autocorrelation. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems. 1992 (VOL. 28, NO. 2): 387—395
27 Nadav Levanon. Properties of the Periodic AF. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems. 1994 (VOL. 30, NO. 3): 938—941
28 Eli Mozeson, Nadav Levanon. Removing Autocorrelation Sidelobes by Overlaying Orthogonal Coding on any Train of Identical Pulses. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace And Electronic Systems. 2003 (VOL. 39, NO. 2): 583—603
29 Solomon W. Golomb. Two-Valued Sequences With Perfect Periodic Autocorrelation. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1992 (VOL. 28, NO. 2): 383—386
30 Benjamin Getz, Nadav Levanon. Weight Effects on the Periodic AF. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1995 (VOL. 31, NO. 1): 182—193
31 Analog Device Inc. A Technical Tutorial on Digital Signal Synthesis. Analog Device Inc, 1999
32 David Buchanan. Choosing DACs for Direct Digital Synthesis. AN237. Analog Device Inc, 2002
33 Dan Morelli. DDS Overview. QAN19. Quick Logic Corporation, 2000
34 岳晓杰.AD9854及其在直扩发射机中的应用.北极星电技术网
35 吉亚平,李文臣.芯片AD9854在跳频通信系统中的应用.北极星电技术网
36 许加枫,刘抒珍,刘小红.高性能DDS芯片AD9954及其应用. http://www.21ic.com/news/n5779c71.aspx
37 马年磊,沈保锁.基于DDS的快速跳频频率合成器的设计.http://www.21ic.com/news/n1222c68.aspx
38 谭姝静,费元春.一种改善DDS性能的倍频方法.电子技术应用.http://www.chinaecnet.com/xsj/dz01614.asp
39 渠丽娟,唐小宏.用PIC单片机控制DDS芯片AD9852实现雷达跳频系统.http://www.21ic.com/news/n734c64.aspx
40 黄鹏刚.线性调频信号产生及压缩技术研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2000
41 Analog Device Inc. AD9854 Data Sheet. Rev C. USA, AD Inc, 2004
42 Analog Device Inc. AD9854 Evaluation Board. Rev E. USA, AD Inc, 2002
43 Analog Device Inc. AD8346 Data Sheet. Rev O. USA, AD Inc, 1999
44 Analog Device Inc. AD8346 Evaluation Board. Rev O. USA, AD Inc, 2003
45 Rick Cushing. Single-Sideband Upconversion of Quadrature DDS Singal to the 800-to-2500-MHz Band. Analog Dialogue 34-3, 2000
46 Maxim Inc. MAX2607 Data Sheet. Rev Oa. Maxim Inc, 2002
47 Maxim Inc. MAX2607 Evaluation Kits. Rev O. Maxim Inc, 2000
48 Maxim Inc. MAX2753 Data Sheet. Rev O. Maxim Inc, 2001
49 Maxim Inc. MAX2753 Evaluation Kits. Rev O. Maxim Inc, 2001
50 TI Inc. TPS78633 Data Sheet. Texas Instruments Inc, 2004
51 TI Inc. TPS78633 User's Guide. Texas Instruments Inc, 2002
52 Maxim Inc. MAX2162 Data Sheet. Rev 4. Maxim Inc, 2004
53 哈里·拉姆著,陆延丰等译.模拟和数字滤波器设计与实现.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,1985
54 张筱华,林莘.滤波技术.第1版.北京:人民邮电出版社,1994
55 阿瑟·B·威廉姆斯著,喻春轩等译.电子滤波器设计手册.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,1986
56 Maxim Inc. Analog Filter Design Demystified. Maxim Inc, 2002
57 Steven Green. 2-Pole Filter with Differential Input. Rev 1. Crystal Semiconductor Corporation, 1995
58 Maxim Inc. Passive Differential IF Filters for the MAX2360-61 Transmitter ICs. AN791. Maxim Inc, 2001
59 美信公司.用于MAX2360-61发送器的无源差动IF滤波器.设计参考791.美信公司,2001
60 T. C. Lun. Designing for Board Levell Electromagnetic Compatibility.