宽弱磁调速范围永磁同步电机的研究
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摘要
随着现代电力电子技术的发展和永磁材料性能的不断提高,永磁同步电机具有的高效、高功率密度等特性得以进一步体现,广泛应用于生产生活的各个领域。在机床加工等领域,用永磁同步电机代替传统的感应电机和直流电机具有很大的优势,但是,由于机床的恒功率运行范围宽,而永磁同步电机的永磁体励磁作用恒定存在,使得电机的恒功率弱磁变得较为困难。
本文从永磁同步电机的弱磁原理入手,分析了国内外在该领域的研究成果,总结和对比了国内外所提出的各种利于弱磁调速的永磁同步电机结构。从增大直轴电感的角度,基于Ansoft Maxwell 2D有限元仿真软件,对适于弱磁调速的各种电机结构进行了仿真计算,在分析和比较各种转子结构后,采用适合于弱磁控制的电机结构,分析了影响直轴电感的因素,并对电机的电抗参数进行了计算,从增大直轴电感的角度,选取内置V字型分段式转子作为样机的结构,而后确定了电机的基本参数,从磁路计算和有限元仿真的角度所设计的电机进行了验证。
同时,由于机床高精度加工的要求,使电机需要有足够小的转矩脉动。本文在分析了引起电机转矩脉动的原因后,提出对永磁体的隔磁磁桥形状进行优化的方法,有效减小了电机的转矩脉动,同时避免了对电机结构的复杂改造,减小了加工工艺的困难和生产成本。
根据上述分析和仿真结果,设计并研制了内置分段式V型结构永磁体排列永磁同步电机的试验样机,并对其进行了实验研究。实验结果与仿真结果基本吻合,从而验证了设计的正确性。
With the development of modern power electronic technology and performance of permanent magnet, permanent magent synchronous motor(PMSM) reveals its high effiency and high power density, so it is widely used in various fields of producting and living. In the field of machining, it has great superiority with PMSM instead of induction motor and direct current motor. But machine tool needs wide constant power operating range and the role of permanent magnet excitation constantly presents, flux-weakening becomes difficult.
This paper analyses the principle of flux-weakening and researshes of this field at home and abroad, summarizes and compares the various PMSM structures that fit for flux-weakening. From the view of incresing direct-axis inductance, based on finite element analyse(FEA) software-Ansoft Maxwell 2D, this paper calultes various FEA structures that fit for flux-weakening, t adopts segmented permanent magent as the prototype motor in order to increase direct-axis inductance and be fit for constant power operating, and makes sure the parameter of the motor, then confirms the module from the magnetic circuit and FEA.
Because of the high precision machining, the motor needs small enough torque ripple. This paper analyses the reasons of torque ripple and optimizes the structure of flux barrier, this mathod avoids the complicated structure and high cost. And the result from FEA confirms the theory. According to analyse and FEA, a prototype motor is produced. The experiment result confirms the theory and FEA.
本文从永磁同步电机的弱磁原理入手,分析了国内外在该领域的研究成果,总结和对比了国内外所提出的各种利于弱磁调速的永磁同步电机结构。从增大直轴电感的角度,基于Ansoft Maxwell 2D有限元仿真软件,对适于弱磁调速的各种电机结构进行了仿真计算,在分析和比较各种转子结构后,采用适合于弱磁控制的电机结构,分析了影响直轴电感的因素,并对电机的电抗参数进行了计算,从增大直轴电感的角度,选取内置V字型分段式转子作为样机的结构,而后确定了电机的基本参数,从磁路计算和有限元仿真的角度所设计的电机进行了验证。
同时,由于机床高精度加工的要求,使电机需要有足够小的转矩脉动。本文在分析了引起电机转矩脉动的原因后,提出对永磁体的隔磁磁桥形状进行优化的方法,有效减小了电机的转矩脉动,同时避免了对电机结构的复杂改造,减小了加工工艺的困难和生产成本。
根据上述分析和仿真结果,设计并研制了内置分段式V型结构永磁体排列永磁同步电机的试验样机,并对其进行了实验研究。实验结果与仿真结果基本吻合,从而验证了设计的正确性。
With the development of modern power electronic technology and performance of permanent magnet, permanent magent synchronous motor(PMSM) reveals its high effiency and high power density, so it is widely used in various fields of producting and living. In the field of machining, it has great superiority with PMSM instead of induction motor and direct current motor. But machine tool needs wide constant power operating range and the role of permanent magnet excitation constantly presents, flux-weakening becomes difficult.
This paper analyses the principle of flux-weakening and researshes of this field at home and abroad, summarizes and compares the various PMSM structures that fit for flux-weakening. From the view of incresing direct-axis inductance, based on finite element analyse(FEA) software-Ansoft Maxwell 2D, this paper calultes various FEA structures that fit for flux-weakening, t adopts segmented permanent magent as the prototype motor in order to increase direct-axis inductance and be fit for constant power operating, and makes sure the parameter of the motor, then confirms the module from the magnetic circuit and FEA.
Because of the high precision machining, the motor needs small enough torque ripple. This paper analyses the reasons of torque ripple and optimizes the structure of flux barrier, this mathod avoids the complicated structure and high cost. And the result from FEA confirms the theory. According to analyse and FEA, a prototype motor is produced. The experiment result confirms the theory and FEA.
引文
1严道发.电主轴技术综述.机械研究与应用. 2006, 12:1~3
2黄红武,熊万里,陆名彰等.高速大功率精密电主轴中的关键技术.湖南大学学报(自然科学版). 2002, 12:49~54
3陈燕林,段志善,熊万里.高速电主轴技术的研究现状与发展.机械研究与应用. 2004, 8:10~11
4许强杜,佳星.浅谈数控机床电主轴的发展趋势.伺服控制. 2007, 11:19~22
5吉智军,李松生,杨柳欣,吴梅英.数控机床用电主轴技术的现状及发展.轴承. 2002, 12:44~46
6郭振宏.主轴永磁同步电动机及其传动系统设计研究. 1999:1~6, 16~17
7唐任远等.现代永磁电机.机械工业出版社. 2006
8王秀和等.永磁电机.中国电力出版社. 2007:2~7
9张丽丽.永磁牵引交流电动机弱磁特性研究及其设计.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文. 2007:11~45
10 Longya Xu, Lurong Ye, Ahmed EI-Antably. A New Design Concept of Permanent Magnet Machine for Flux Weakening Operation. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on. 1995, 31(2):373~378
11 Bojan ?tumberger, Anton Hamler, Mladen Trlep, Marko Jesenik. Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Designed for Flux Weakening Operation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, 2001, 37(5):3644~3647
12 Rukmi Dutta, M. F. Rahman. Design and Analysis of an Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) Machine with Very Wide Constant Power Operation Range. IEEE Industrial Electronics. IECON 2006 - 32nd Annual Conference on 6-10 Nov. 2006:1375~1380
13 Rukmi Dutta, Saad Sayeef, M. F. Rahman. Analysis of Cogging Torque and its Effect on Direct Torque Control (DTC) in a Segmented Interior Permanent Magnet Machine Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2007. PESC 2007:2568~2574
14孙建忠,白凤仙.新概念永磁电机-记忆电机的设计研究.大电机技术. 2004, 3:9~12
15 Ostovic V.Memory motors.IEEE Trans.on Industry Applications. 2003, 9(1):52~61
16 Ostovic V.Memory motors-a new class of controllable flux PM machines for a true wide speed operation. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. 2001, 4:2577~2584
17 Ostovic V.Pole-changing permanent-magnet machines.IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications. 2002, 38(6):1493~1499
18陈益广,王颖,沈勇环,杨博,潘魏.内置混合式转子可控磁通永磁同步电机-记忆电机.微电机. 2005, 1:12~19
19陈益广,王颖,沈勇环,唐任远.宽调速可控磁通永磁同步电机磁路设计和有限元分析.中国电机工程学报. 2005, 20:157~16
20王颖.内置混合式转子结构可控磁通永磁同步电机的分析与控制.天津大学硕士论文. 2006:6~9
21 Thomas M. Jahns, Seok-Hee, Han Ayman M. EL-Refaie, Jei-Hoon Baek Wen L. Soong. Design and Experimental Verification of a 50 kW Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine. Industry Applications Conference. 2006:1941~1946
22 Bojan ?tumberger, Gorazd ?tumberger, Marko Jesenik, Viktor Gori?an, Anton Hamler and Mladen Trlep. Power Capability and Flux-Weakening Performance of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Multiple Flux Barriers. 12th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation. 2006:419~419
23 Sang-Yeop Kwak, Jae-Kwang Kim, and Hyun-Kyo Jung. Characteristic Analysis of Multilayer-Buried Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Fixed Permeability Method.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION. 2005, 20(3):549~555
24 Shigeo Morimoto, Masayuki Snada, Yoji Takeda. Performance of PM/Reluctnace Hybrid Motor with Multiple Flux-Barrier. PCC-Nagaoka97. 1997:649~654
25 Ayman M. El-Refaie, Thomas M. Jahns. Impact of Winding Layer Number and Magnet Type on Synchronous Surface PM Machines Designed for WideConstant-Power Speed Range Operation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION. 2008, 23(1):53~60
26 Sung-II Kim, Ji-Hyung Bhan, and Jung-Pyo Hong. Optimization Technique for Improving Torque Performance of Concentrated Winding Interior PM Synchronous Motor with Wide Speed Range. Industry Applications Conference. 2006. 41st IAS Annual Meeting. 2006:1933~1940
27 Sung-II Kim, Geun-Ho Lee, Jung-Pyo Hong, and Tae-Uk Jung. Design Process of Interior PM Synchronous Motor for 42-V Electric Air-Conditioner System in Hybrid Electric Vehicle. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS. 2008, 44(6):1590~1593
28 SAKAI Kazuto, ARATA Masanori, TAJIMA Toshinobu. High-Efficiency and High-Performance Motor for Energy Saving in Systems. Toshiba Review. 2000, 55(9):58~61
29 SAKAI Kazuto, HAGIWARA Keizo, and HIRANO Yasuo. High-Power and High-Efficiency Permanent-Magnet Reluctance Motor for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Toshiba Review. 2005, 60(11):41~44
30 Nicola Bianchi, Silverio Bolognani, and Brian J. Chalmers. Salient-Rotor PM Synchronous Motors for an Extended Flux-Weakening Operation Range. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS. 2000, 36(4):1118~1125
31 B. Sneyers, D. W. Novotny and T. A. Lipo. Field weakening in buried permanent magnet ac motor drives. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on. 1985, 21(3):398~407
32 T. M. Jahns. Flux-weakening regime operation of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on. 1987, 23(4):681~689
33 T.Jahns. Motion Control with Permanent Magent AC Machines. IEEE Proc. 1994, 82(8):1241~1252
34 T.Jahns and W.L.Soong. Pulsating Torque Minimization Techniques for Permanent Magnet AC Motor Drives-A Review. IEEE Trans.Ind.Electronics. 1996, 43(2):321~330
35 V.Petrovic, R.Ortega, A.M.Stankovie, and G.Tadmo. Design and Implementation of an Adaptive Controller for Torque Ripple Minimization in PM Synehronous Motors. IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics. 2000,15(5):871~880
36黄越.永磁同步电动机中谐波及其影响的研究.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文. 2008:5~9
37寇宝泉,程树康.交流伺服电机及其控制.机械工业出版社. 2008:50~55
38王海峰.无刷直流电动机转矩脉动控制技术的研究.西北工业大学博士学位论文. 2003:29~32
39张辉.永磁无刷直流电动机转矩脉动抑制的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2007:11~20
40汤蕴璆,史乃.电机学.机械工业出版社. 2003:331~333
2黄红武,熊万里,陆名彰等.高速大功率精密电主轴中的关键技术.湖南大学学报(自然科学版). 2002, 12:49~54
3陈燕林,段志善,熊万里.高速电主轴技术的研究现状与发展.机械研究与应用. 2004, 8:10~11
4许强杜,佳星.浅谈数控机床电主轴的发展趋势.伺服控制. 2007, 11:19~22
5吉智军,李松生,杨柳欣,吴梅英.数控机床用电主轴技术的现状及发展.轴承. 2002, 12:44~46
6郭振宏.主轴永磁同步电动机及其传动系统设计研究. 1999:1~6, 16~17
7唐任远等.现代永磁电机.机械工业出版社. 2006
8王秀和等.永磁电机.中国电力出版社. 2007:2~7
9张丽丽.永磁牵引交流电动机弱磁特性研究及其设计.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文. 2007:11~45
10 Longya Xu, Lurong Ye, Ahmed EI-Antably. A New Design Concept of Permanent Magnet Machine for Flux Weakening Operation. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on. 1995, 31(2):373~378
11 Bojan ?tumberger, Anton Hamler, Mladen Trlep, Marko Jesenik. Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Designed for Flux Weakening Operation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, 2001, 37(5):3644~3647
12 Rukmi Dutta, M. F. Rahman. Design and Analysis of an Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) Machine with Very Wide Constant Power Operation Range. IEEE Industrial Electronics. IECON 2006 - 32nd Annual Conference on 6-10 Nov. 2006:1375~1380
13 Rukmi Dutta, Saad Sayeef, M. F. Rahman. Analysis of Cogging Torque and its Effect on Direct Torque Control (DTC) in a Segmented Interior Permanent Magnet Machine Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2007. PESC 2007:2568~2574
14孙建忠,白凤仙.新概念永磁电机-记忆电机的设计研究.大电机技术. 2004, 3:9~12
15 Ostovic V.Memory motors.IEEE Trans.on Industry Applications. 2003, 9(1):52~61
16 Ostovic V.Memory motors-a new class of controllable flux PM machines for a true wide speed operation. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. 2001, 4:2577~2584
17 Ostovic V.Pole-changing permanent-magnet machines.IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications. 2002, 38(6):1493~1499
18陈益广,王颖,沈勇环,杨博,潘魏.内置混合式转子可控磁通永磁同步电机-记忆电机.微电机. 2005, 1:12~19
19陈益广,王颖,沈勇环,唐任远.宽调速可控磁通永磁同步电机磁路设计和有限元分析.中国电机工程学报. 2005, 20:157~16
20王颖.内置混合式转子结构可控磁通永磁同步电机的分析与控制.天津大学硕士论文. 2006:6~9
21 Thomas M. Jahns, Seok-Hee, Han Ayman M. EL-Refaie, Jei-Hoon Baek Wen L. Soong. Design and Experimental Verification of a 50 kW Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine. Industry Applications Conference. 2006:1941~1946
22 Bojan ?tumberger, Gorazd ?tumberger, Marko Jesenik, Viktor Gori?an, Anton Hamler and Mladen Trlep. Power Capability and Flux-Weakening Performance of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Multiple Flux Barriers. 12th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation. 2006:419~419
23 Sang-Yeop Kwak, Jae-Kwang Kim, and Hyun-Kyo Jung. Characteristic Analysis of Multilayer-Buried Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Fixed Permeability Method.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION. 2005, 20(3):549~555
24 Shigeo Morimoto, Masayuki Snada, Yoji Takeda. Performance of PM/Reluctnace Hybrid Motor with Multiple Flux-Barrier. PCC-Nagaoka97. 1997:649~654
25 Ayman M. El-Refaie, Thomas M. Jahns. Impact of Winding Layer Number and Magnet Type on Synchronous Surface PM Machines Designed for WideConstant-Power Speed Range Operation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION. 2008, 23(1):53~60
26 Sung-II Kim, Ji-Hyung Bhan, and Jung-Pyo Hong. Optimization Technique for Improving Torque Performance of Concentrated Winding Interior PM Synchronous Motor with Wide Speed Range. Industry Applications Conference. 2006. 41st IAS Annual Meeting. 2006:1933~1940
27 Sung-II Kim, Geun-Ho Lee, Jung-Pyo Hong, and Tae-Uk Jung. Design Process of Interior PM Synchronous Motor for 42-V Electric Air-Conditioner System in Hybrid Electric Vehicle. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS. 2008, 44(6):1590~1593
28 SAKAI Kazuto, ARATA Masanori, TAJIMA Toshinobu. High-Efficiency and High-Performance Motor for Energy Saving in Systems. Toshiba Review. 2000, 55(9):58~61
29 SAKAI Kazuto, HAGIWARA Keizo, and HIRANO Yasuo. High-Power and High-Efficiency Permanent-Magnet Reluctance Motor for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Toshiba Review. 2005, 60(11):41~44
30 Nicola Bianchi, Silverio Bolognani, and Brian J. Chalmers. Salient-Rotor PM Synchronous Motors for an Extended Flux-Weakening Operation Range. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS. 2000, 36(4):1118~1125
31 B. Sneyers, D. W. Novotny and T. A. Lipo. Field weakening in buried permanent magnet ac motor drives. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on. 1985, 21(3):398~407
32 T. M. Jahns. Flux-weakening regime operation of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on. 1987, 23(4):681~689
33 T.Jahns. Motion Control with Permanent Magent AC Machines. IEEE Proc. 1994, 82(8):1241~1252
34 T.Jahns and W.L.Soong. Pulsating Torque Minimization Techniques for Permanent Magnet AC Motor Drives-A Review. IEEE Trans.Ind.Electronics. 1996, 43(2):321~330
35 V.Petrovic, R.Ortega, A.M.Stankovie, and G.Tadmo. Design and Implementation of an Adaptive Controller for Torque Ripple Minimization in PM Synehronous Motors. IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics. 2000,15(5):871~880
36黄越.永磁同步电动机中谐波及其影响的研究.沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文. 2008:5~9
37寇宝泉,程树康.交流伺服电机及其控制.机械工业出版社. 2008:50~55
38王海峰.无刷直流电动机转矩脉动控制技术的研究.西北工业大学博士学位论文. 2003:29~32
39张辉.永磁无刷直流电动机转矩脉动抑制的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2007:11~20
40汤蕴璆,史乃.电机学.机械工业出版社. 2003:331~333