基于NIOSII的网络接入设计研究
摘要
随着网络技术的快速发展和互联网的广泛应用,各种家电设备、PDA、仪器仪表、工业生产中数据的采集与控制等设备正在逐渐走向网络化,以共享互联网络中庞大的信息资源。嵌入式设备的网络化开发有着广阔的前景。基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的嵌入式软核处理器技术可以使用户根据需要定制CPU及外设,这样不但可以发挥硬件编程的高速性和并行性,同时可以充分利用FPGA的丰富的硬件资源,使系统设计更加灵活。因此,开发基于软核处理器技术的嵌入式网络接入设备具有广泛的应用领域和应用价值。
本论文对基于NIOSII软核处理器的网络接口技术进行研究,设计实现了基于NIOSII软核处理器的无线互联网和有线互联网接入电路。无线互联网接入通过控制GPRS模块MC55实现,有线互联网接入通过以太网控制芯片LAN91C111实现,这种设计方法增强了系统的灵活性,并且结构简单,可以适用于不同应用领域对网络接入的要求。
文首先介绍了FPGA、SOC、SOPC、NIOSII软核处理器和网络接入的相关概念、技术和发展状况。其次,阐述了网络接入系统的硬件结构,并对相关的芯片和功能模块做了介绍;然后,详细介绍了32位NIOSII软核处理器的定制方法。处理器实现在定制标准部件(如CPU,SDRAM,FLASH,PIO等)的同时将自己设计的通信模块挂接在CPU的Avalon总线上。最后,详细介绍了基于NIOSII的软件设计方法并给出了测试结果。
With the rapid development of Network, more and more electric equipments are needed to connect with network for implementing the long-distance control and sharing resource. The technology of embedded network systems is one of the main trends of future application. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is adopted for the design because of its flexible design, high speed, reconfiguration, low risk of implementation and short period of development.
In this paper, a new method of embedded network access system, which is based on soft core of NIOSII, and can realize accessing Internet by wireless and wired mode, is described. A GPRS module, MC55 is used to implement the wireless Internet access, while an Ethernet controller IC, Lan91c111 is interfaced with the NIOSII for access Internet by wired. This system can be adapted to the requirements of network access in different area because of its simple structure and flexible design.
This paper is composed of four parts:
Firstly, the principle and the development of FPGA are expounded, as well as SOC, SOPC, NIOSII and network access.
Secondly, the design of the system hardware is introduced, as well as the function of some main IC and modules.
Thirdly, the method of customizing a 32-bit microcontroller is described in detail. The interfaces between the customized microcontroller with standard components are implemented. Those standard components, such as SDRAM, FLASH, PIO, are attached to the Avalon bus, as well as other customized modules.
Finally, the software design method based on NIOSII and the test results of the system are presented in detail.
本论文对基于NIOSII软核处理器的网络接口技术进行研究,设计实现了基于NIOSII软核处理器的无线互联网和有线互联网接入电路。无线互联网接入通过控制GPRS模块MC55实现,有线互联网接入通过以太网控制芯片LAN91C111实现,这种设计方法增强了系统的灵活性,并且结构简单,可以适用于不同应用领域对网络接入的要求。
文首先介绍了FPGA、SOC、SOPC、NIOSII软核处理器和网络接入的相关概念、技术和发展状况。其次,阐述了网络接入系统的硬件结构,并对相关的芯片和功能模块做了介绍;然后,详细介绍了32位NIOSII软核处理器的定制方法。处理器实现在定制标准部件(如CPU,SDRAM,FLASH,PIO等)的同时将自己设计的通信模块挂接在CPU的Avalon总线上。最后,详细介绍了基于NIOSII的软件设计方法并给出了测试结果。
With the rapid development of Network, more and more electric equipments are needed to connect with network for implementing the long-distance control and sharing resource. The technology of embedded network systems is one of the main trends of future application. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is adopted for the design because of its flexible design, high speed, reconfiguration, low risk of implementation and short period of development.
In this paper, a new method of embedded network access system, which is based on soft core of NIOSII, and can realize accessing Internet by wireless and wired mode, is described. A GPRS module, MC55 is used to implement the wireless Internet access, while an Ethernet controller IC, Lan91c111 is interfaced with the NIOSII for access Internet by wired. This system can be adapted to the requirements of network access in different area because of its simple structure and flexible design.
This paper is composed of four parts:
Firstly, the principle and the development of FPGA are expounded, as well as SOC, SOPC, NIOSII and network access.
Secondly, the design of the system hardware is introduced, as well as the function of some main IC and modules.
Thirdly, the method of customizing a 32-bit microcontroller is described in detail. The interfaces between the customized microcontroller with standard components are implemented. Those standard components, such as SDRAM, FLASH, PIO, are attached to the Avalon bus, as well as other customized modules.
Finally, the software design method based on NIOSII and the test results of the system are presented in detail.
引文
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[10] NIOS II custom instruction, ALTERA 公司,2005
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[13] EP2C35F672, ALTERA,公司,2006
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[2] SOPC Builder.ALTERA 公司,2006.5
[3] Performance Counter Core with Avalon Interface , ALTERA 公司,2006.5
[4] Quartus II Handbook Volume 4 SOPC Builder , ALTERA 公司,2006.5
[5] Nios II Processor Reference Handbook , ALTERA 公司,2006.5
[6] Nios II Software Developer's Handbook , ALTERA 公司,2006.5
[7] Single & Dual-Clock FIFO Megafunction User Guide, ALTERA 公司,2005.10
[8] Avalon Bus Specification. www.altera.com. 2006.1
[9] Intellectual Property Selector Guide, ALTERA 公司,2006
[10] NIOS II custom instruction, ALTERA 公司,2005
[11] Using the NIOS Development Board Configuration Controller Reference Designs,ALTERA公司,2005
[12] Cyclone_deyice_handbook, ALTERA 公司,2006
[13] EP2C35F672, ALTERA,公司,2006
[14] Simulating NIOS II Embedded Processor Designs, ALTERA 公司,2006
[15] NIOS Embedded Processor Software Development Reference Manual. www.altera.com. 2005.1
[16] SOPC Builder Data Sheet. www.altera.com. 2005.1
[17] 文志成.GPRS 网络技术.北京工业出版社.2005
[18]杨恒,卢飞成.FPGA/VHDL 快速工程实践入门与提高.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2003.4
[19]任爱峰等.基于 FPGA 的嵌入式系统设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004
[20]潘松等.SOPC 技术实用教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[21]王金明.Verilog HDL 程序设计教程.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[22]Samir Palnitkar 著,夏宇闻等译.Verilog HDL 数字设计与综合(第二版). 北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[23]郭书军等.嵌入式处理器原理及应用—Nios 系统设计和 C 程序设计. 北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[24]EDA 先锋工作室.Altera FPGA/CPLD 设计(高级篇).北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[25]李兰英.NiosII 嵌入式软核 SOPC 设计原理及应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[26]孙恺.NiosII 系统开发设计与应用实例.北京航空航天大学出版社.2007.8
[27]林容益.CPU/SOC 及外围电路应用设计—基于 FPGA/CPLD. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,
[28]黄智伟.FPGA 系统设计与实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.9
[29]江国强.SOPC 技术与应用.机械工业出版社,2006 年第 1 期
[30]张岩.基于 SOPC 的嵌入式 Web 服务器设计与实现.微计算机信息.2007 年第 1-2 期
[31]宋万杰,罗丰.CPLD 技术及应用。西安电子科技大学出版社,1999