中国家电企业印度物流供应链布局研究
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摘要
经济全球化已成为当今世界经济活动中最突出的趋势。在这个浪潮下,中国家电企业要走出国门,赢得海外市场,同时,由于中国现已经成了世界“制造中心”,家电企业为赢得国际大买家,提升国际运营,并取得最大收益,就必须整合全球资源,构筑强有力的高效的跨国供应链。
供应链管理作为一种新的管理理念与模式日益受到企业的重视,尤其是对于中国的家电企业来说,实施有效的跨国供应链管理对于赢得这场全球化竞争至关重要。
本文探讨的是在全球化经营格局下,中国家电企业如何面对新的形势,采用有效的供应链管理模式来实现跨国经营的资源整合。相对国内供应链而言,跨国供应链还要考虑目标市场的税收和关税政策和他们的产业布局;由于跨国经营所面临的风险和竞争力的问题,许多企业会因为供需条件各式各样而产生更多的挑战和机遇。一个高效的跨国供应链需要确定目标市场的需求,选择合适的加工厂和合适的运营模式,建立全球化合作关系网,提高物流效率。无论是整机进口还是散件进口模式,最终选择的模式想要达到的目的是成本最优,交期最短,服务最好,企业的竞争力最强。
本文通过对印度家电市场及其主要运行模式的分析比较,归纳出影响成本的主要因素,然后采用网络图法和线性规划的方法进行最优模型的设计,并以TCL在印度的供应链布局为例,来说明中国家电企业在印度的跨国供应链布局。
Economic globalization has become the most outstanding tendency in the current economic activities in the word,in order to obtain the highest profit and maintain its competitive advantage in the international operation by going to other markets or acting as the supplier in China, China Consumer Electronics Enterprises must adjust its strategies to improve abilities of resources integrity on the global basis. As a conspicuous management theory and application, more and more enterprises are spending special attentions on Supply Chain Management. Especially it’s very important for China Consumer Electronics Enterprises to win in the global competitions.
Compared with native supply chain, global supply chain has to consider the duty and tax as well as industry profile in local market. They will meet some challenges and chances under international operation risk and competition. Therefore, a high efficiency global supply chain management must recognize the exact market demand, choose the right running model and strategic partner and establish international collaboration network. Whatever the CBU imports or Kits Imports, the model should achieve the lowest cost with the shortest lead time and best service, to help the enterprises become most competitive.
What discussed in this article includes SCM theory description,India market & supply chain model introduction,find out the main factors effecting the cost and design the best supply chain model by using the network method and linear programming method. TCL India supply chain design as a case to explain how to make the best design for the Global Supply Chain.
供应链管理作为一种新的管理理念与模式日益受到企业的重视,尤其是对于中国的家电企业来说,实施有效的跨国供应链管理对于赢得这场全球化竞争至关重要。
本文探讨的是在全球化经营格局下,中国家电企业如何面对新的形势,采用有效的供应链管理模式来实现跨国经营的资源整合。相对国内供应链而言,跨国供应链还要考虑目标市场的税收和关税政策和他们的产业布局;由于跨国经营所面临的风险和竞争力的问题,许多企业会因为供需条件各式各样而产生更多的挑战和机遇。一个高效的跨国供应链需要确定目标市场的需求,选择合适的加工厂和合适的运营模式,建立全球化合作关系网,提高物流效率。无论是整机进口还是散件进口模式,最终选择的模式想要达到的目的是成本最优,交期最短,服务最好,企业的竞争力最强。
本文通过对印度家电市场及其主要运行模式的分析比较,归纳出影响成本的主要因素,然后采用网络图法和线性规划的方法进行最优模型的设计,并以TCL在印度的供应链布局为例,来说明中国家电企业在印度的跨国供应链布局。
Economic globalization has become the most outstanding tendency in the current economic activities in the word,in order to obtain the highest profit and maintain its competitive advantage in the international operation by going to other markets or acting as the supplier in China, China Consumer Electronics Enterprises must adjust its strategies to improve abilities of resources integrity on the global basis. As a conspicuous management theory and application, more and more enterprises are spending special attentions on Supply Chain Management. Especially it’s very important for China Consumer Electronics Enterprises to win in the global competitions.
Compared with native supply chain, global supply chain has to consider the duty and tax as well as industry profile in local market. They will meet some challenges and chances under international operation risk and competition. Therefore, a high efficiency global supply chain management must recognize the exact market demand, choose the right running model and strategic partner and establish international collaboration network. Whatever the CBU imports or Kits Imports, the model should achieve the lowest cost with the shortest lead time and best service, to help the enterprises become most competitive.
What discussed in this article includes SCM theory description,India market & supply chain model introduction,find out the main factors effecting the cost and design the best supply chain model by using the network method and linear programming method. TCL India supply chain design as a case to explain how to make the best design for the Global Supply Chain.
引文
①方池雄,中国企业风雨20年,http://www.lwlib.net/,2004-8-12
①姚钢,邓英淘,秦海,李红升家电产业过剩的分析http://www.thesis.cn/ 2003-4-13
②朱海静,陈近,蒋汨波中国OEM现状机发展对策.商业研究,2006(4),总第336期:96-98
③陈万卷.“跨国采购”对我国外贸公司的影响及对策.对外经贸实务,2003(2):2-4
①2007年家电年度行业报告.http://ar.cei.gov.cn/web/Column.asp?ColumnId=39, 2007(4)
②吕盛华也谈“全球家电制造中心”China Appliance, Mar.2002,Vol3:12-14
③严先薄中国真能成为家电制造中心吗?家电科技,2002(9):29-32
①Gary Hamel,C.K.Prahalad, Competing for the Future, Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 1999:11-13
②李洁,全球化、竞争优势与供应链竞争,国际市场,2007(3):31-33
③居占杰,跨国公司发展的新趋势及其对世界经济的影响,武汉:社会主义研究,2004(6):107-109
④弗拉赫蒂(Therese Flaherty),全球运营管理,陈鹤琴,陈忠等译.清华大学出版社,2003:23-26
⑤马士华,林勇,供应链管理(第二版),机械工业出版社,2005
①曹国正,对海尔进军物流行业的思考,http://www.data51.cn/Lunwenwang/, 2004-3-5
②王育琨,管理案例:联想新困惑,中国商业评论http://www.manager 365.com/.2007-5-11
①杨伟亮,中国供应链发展过程及整合的现状分析,http//www.topoint.com.cn/. 2006-9-8
①Richard R.Nelson,Sidney G.Winter.An Evolutionarey Theory of Economic Change.the Belknap Press of Harvard,University Press,2002:18-21
①汤银英,彭其渊,谢圣涛,国内外物流理论研究述评,商业时代,2006(11)
②Kit Davis.Supply Chain Management:What Is It and Where Is It Heading. Retail Info Systems News,Apr, 1999:133-148
①Steven G.C.Successful Supply Chain Management.Management Decision,28(8)
②Handfield R.B.Introduction to Supply Chian Management,Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, NJ
③Evens.Business Process Reengineering the Supply,Production Planning and Control,1995, 6(3):227-237
①Philips W Baismeier,Wendell J.Voison.Supply China Managenmet:A-Time-based Strategy, Industial Management,1996.28(5):24
②Lee H.L,Ng S.M.Introduction to Special Issue on Global Supply Chian Management. Production and Operations Management,1997,6(3):191-192
③张成海,供应链管理技术与方法,清华大学出版社,2002.2
①M.Christopher.Logistics and Supply Chain Management[M].New York:Richiard D. Irwin,Inc., 1994:135-160
①朱九龙等,供应链中“牛鞭效应”研究,商业研究,2004(23)78-80
②戴开勋,缓解供应链中“牛鞭效应”的策略研究,博锐管理在线,2007-4-24
①[美]唐纳德.J.鲍尔索克斯著,供应链过程一体化[M],林国龙译,北京:机械工业出版社,1999:30-34
①高潮,彩电出口:路在何方,中国对外贸易在线期刊2004(11)
②夏友富,技术性贸易壁垒体系与当代国际贸易, http://www.lunwennet.com.2003-6-7
③吴猛、刘慧,反倾销与中国企业的应对措施, www.66wen.com 2005-12-03
④徐宝峰,出口企业如何应对国外反倾销,中国检验检疫,2002(2):44
①沈木珠,国际反倾销中的中国策略,法学杂志(总第130期),2002(1):21
②刘海娜、王义伟、张寿、朱列玉,中国为何遭受这么多的反倾销,大经贸2001(2)
①Robert Monczka,Robert Trent,Robert Handfield.Purchasing and Supply Chain Management.Cincinnati, Ohio:South-Western College Publishing,1998:40-65.
②M.E.Peter.Clusters and New Economics Competition[J].harvard Business Review, 1998(11): 13-16
①沃尔玛的供应链管理,全球供应链,http://chain.bosslink.com,2006-02-07
②刘斌,利用供应链管理过提高企业核心竞争力,中国流通经济,2001(3):21-2
③周良、徐国华,供应链协调机制的研究,西安电子科技大学学报(社科版),2004(1):68-73
①La Londe,Bernard J..Supply Chain Evolution by the Numbers.Supply Chain Management Chain Management Review,1998,2(1):36-38
②康健,汪若菡,惠普5种供应链管理模式对决戴尔直销五诀,21世纪经济报道,2005-10-23
①供应链一体化的内容,http://www.cnmfs.com.cn/html/2004-5/2004513220501.htm,中华制造网. 2004-5-13
②[美]郭士纳著,谁说大象不能跳舞(IBM董事长郭士纳自传),张秀琴、音正权译,北京:中信出版社,2003:60-87
①段诚,我国CRT电视竞争优势犹在短期不会消失,中国电子报,2007-09-07
②段诚,印度彩电市场潜力巨大政策环境有待关注,电器,2007-03-19
①加纳征子, iSuppli:印度家电市场供货额2011年超过65亿美元,日经BP社http://china.nikkeibp.co.jp /china/news/news/digi200707040129.html,07-07-04
①王瑾,打开印度家电营销市场,渠道缺口可用,新营销杂志,2006(2)
①K.Jain.Customs Tariff OF India(43rd edition).CENTAX PUBLICATIONS PVT.LTD.2007
①赵一飞,现代物流基础理论(1.0版),上海交通大学,2003.4
1.方池雄,中国企业风雨20年,http://www.lwlib.net/,2004-8-12
2.姚钢,邓英淘,秦海,李红升,家电产业过剩的分析,http://www.thesis.cn/, 2003-4-13
3.朱海静,陈近,蒋汨波,中国OEM现状机发展对策[J].商业研究,2006(4),总第336期:96-98
4.陈万卷,“跨国采购”对我国外贸公司的影响及对策[J],对外经贸实务,2003(2):2-4
5.2007年家电年度行业报告,http://ar.cei.gov.cn/web/
6.吕盛华,也谈“全球家电制造中心”[J],China Appliance, Mar.2002,Vol3:12-14
7.严先薄,中国真能成为家电制造中心吗?[J],家电科技,2002(9):29-32
8.Gary Hamel,C.K.Prahalad, Competing for the Future[M], Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 1999:11-13
9.李洁,全球化、竞争优势与供应链竞争[J],国际市场,2007(3):31-33
10.居占杰,跨国公司发展的新趋势及其对世界经济的影响[M],武汉:社会主义研究,2004(6):107-109
11.弗拉赫蒂(Therese Flaherty),全球运营管理[M].(第一版).陈鹤琴,陈忠等译.清华大学出版社,2003:23-26
12.马士华,林勇,供应链管理[M].(第二版),机械工业出版社,2005
13.曹国正,对海尔进军物流行业的思考, http ://www.data51.cn/Lunwenwang/,2004-3-5
14.王育琨,管理案例:联想新困惑,中国商业评论, http ://www.manager365.com/.2007-5-11
15.杨伟亮,中国供应链发展过程及整合的现状分析,http//www.topoint.com.cn/. 2006-9-8
16.Richard R.Nelson,Sidney G.Winter.An Evolutionarey Theory of Economic Change[M].the Belknap Press of Harvard,University Press,2002:18-21
17.汤银英,彭其渊,谢圣涛,国内外物流理论研究述评[J],商业时代,2006(11)
18.Kit Davis.Supply Chain Management : What Is It and Where Is It Heading[J].Retail Info Systems News,Apr,1999:133-134
19.Steven G.C.Successful Supply Chain Management[J].Management Decision,28(8)
20.Handfield R.B.Introduction to Supply Chian Management[M],Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River,NJ
21.Evens.Business Process Reengineering the Supply[J],Production Planning and Control,1995, 6(3):227-237
22.Philips W Baismeier , Wendell J.Voison.Supply China Managenmet :A-Time-based Strategy[J], Industial Management,1996.28(5):24
23.Lee H.L,Ng S.M.Introduction to Special Issue on Global Supply Chian Management[J]. Production and Operations Management,1997,6(3):191-192
24.张成海,供应链管理技术与方法,清华大学出版社,2002.2
25.M.Christopher.Logistics and Supply Chain Management[M].New York:Richiard D. Irwin,Inc., 1994:135-160
26.朱九龙等,供应链中“牛鞭效应”研究[J],商业研究,2004(23)78-80
27.戴开勋,缓解供应链中“牛鞭效应”的策略研究,博锐管理在线,2007-4-24
28.[美]唐纳德.J.鲍尔索克斯著,供应链过程一体化[M],林国龙译,北京:机械工业出版社,1999:30-34
29.高潮,彩电出口:路在何方[J],中国对外贸易在线期刊2004(11)
30.夏友富,技术性贸易壁垒体系与当代国际贸易, http://www.lunwennet. com. 2003-6-7
31.吴猛、刘慧,反倾销与中国企业的应对措施, www.66wen.com 2005-12-03
32.徐宝峰,出口企业如何应对国外反倾销[J],中国检验检疫,2002(2):4
33.沈木珠,国际反倾销中的中国策略[J],法学杂志(总第130期),2002(1):21
34.刘海娜、王义伟、张寿、朱列玉,中国为何遭受这么多的反倾销[J],大经贸2001(2)
35.Robert Monczka,Robert Trent,Robert Handfield.Purchasing and Supply Chain Management[M]. Cincinnati,Ohio:South-Western College Publishing,1998:40-65.
36.M.E.Peter.Clusters and New Economics Competition[J].harvard Business Review, 1998(11): 13-16
37.沃尔玛的供应链管理,全球供应链,http://chain.bosslink.com,2006-02-07
38.刘斌,利用供应链管理过提高企业核心竞争力[J],中国流通经济,2001(3):21-2
39.周良、徐国华,供应链协调机制的研究[J],西安电子科技大学学报(社科版),2004(1):68-73
40.La Londe,Bernard J..Supply Chain Evolution by the Numbers[J].Supply Chain Management Chain Management Review,1998,2(1):36-38
41.康健,汪若菡,惠普5种供应链管理模式对决戴尔直销五诀[J],21世纪经济报道,2005-10-23
42.供应链一体化的内容, http ://www.cnmfs.com.cn/html/2004-5/2004513220501.htm,中华制造网.2004-5-13
43.[美]郭士纳著,谁说大象不能跳舞(IBM董事长郭士纳自传)[M],张秀琴、音正权译,北京:中信出版社,2003:60-87
44.段诚,我国CRT电视竞争优势犹在短期不会消失[J],中国电子报,2007-09-07
45.段诚,印度彩电市场潜力巨大政策环境有待关注[J],电器,2007-03-19
46.加纳征子,iSuppli:印度家电市场供货额2011年超过65亿美元[J],日经BP社http://china.nikkeibp.co.jp/china/news/news/digi200707040129.html ,07-07-04
47.王瑾,打开印度家电营销市场,渠道缺口可用[J],新营销杂志, 2006(2)
48.R.K.Jain.Customs Tariff OF India (43rd edition)[M].CENTAX PUBLICATIONS PVT.LTD.2007
49.赵一飞,现代物流基础理论[M],1.0版,上海交通大学,2003.4
50.彭秀兰、毛磊,物流运筹方法和工具[M],机械工业出版社,2006:60-65
①姚钢,邓英淘,秦海,李红升家电产业过剩的分析http://www.thesis.cn/ 2003-4-13
②朱海静,陈近,蒋汨波中国OEM现状机发展对策.商业研究,2006(4),总第336期:96-98
③陈万卷.“跨国采购”对我国外贸公司的影响及对策.对外经贸实务,2003(2):2-4
①2007年家电年度行业报告.http://ar.cei.gov.cn/web/Column.asp?ColumnId=39, 2007(4)
②吕盛华也谈“全球家电制造中心”China Appliance, Mar.2002,Vol3:12-14
③严先薄中国真能成为家电制造中心吗?家电科技,2002(9):29-32
①Gary Hamel,C.K.Prahalad, Competing for the Future, Boston:Harvard Business School Press, 1999:11-13
②李洁,全球化、竞争优势与供应链竞争,国际市场,2007(3):31-33
③居占杰,跨国公司发展的新趋势及其对世界经济的影响,武汉:社会主义研究,2004(6):107-109
④弗拉赫蒂(Therese Flaherty),全球运营管理,陈鹤琴,陈忠等译.清华大学出版社,2003:23-26
⑤马士华,林勇,供应链管理(第二版),机械工业出版社,2005
①曹国正,对海尔进军物流行业的思考,http://www.data51.cn/Lunwenwang/, 2004-3-5
②王育琨,管理案例:联想新困惑,中国商业评论http://www.manager 365.com/.2007-5-11
①杨伟亮,中国供应链发展过程及整合的现状分析,http//www.topoint.com.cn/. 2006-9-8
①Richard R.Nelson,Sidney G.Winter.An Evolutionarey Theory of Economic Change.the Belknap Press of Harvard,University Press,2002:18-21
①汤银英,彭其渊,谢圣涛,国内外物流理论研究述评,商业时代,2006(11)
②Kit Davis.Supply Chain Management:What Is It and Where Is It Heading. Retail Info Systems News,Apr, 1999:133-148
①Steven G.C.Successful Supply Chain Management.Management Decision,28(8)
②Handfield R.B.Introduction to Supply Chian Management,Prentice Hall,Upper Saddle River, NJ
③Evens.Business Process Reengineering the Supply,Production Planning and Control,1995, 6(3):227-237
①Philips W Baismeier,Wendell J.Voison.Supply China Managenmet:A-Time-based Strategy, Industial Management,1996.28(5):24
②Lee H.L,Ng S.M.Introduction to Special Issue on Global Supply Chian Management. Production and Operations Management,1997,6(3):191-192
③张成海,供应链管理技术与方法,清华大学出版社,2002.2
①M.Christopher.Logistics and Supply Chain Management[M].New York:Richiard D. Irwin,Inc., 1994:135-160
①朱九龙等,供应链中“牛鞭效应”研究,商业研究,2004(23)78-80
②戴开勋,缓解供应链中“牛鞭效应”的策略研究,博锐管理在线,2007-4-24
①[美]唐纳德.J.鲍尔索克斯著,供应链过程一体化[M],林国龙译,北京:机械工业出版社,1999:30-34
①高潮,彩电出口:路在何方,中国对外贸易在线期刊2004(11)
②夏友富,技术性贸易壁垒体系与当代国际贸易, http://www.lunwennet.com.2003-6-7
③吴猛、刘慧,反倾销与中国企业的应对措施, www.66wen.com 2005-12-03
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