宽带高灵敏度数字接收机
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摘要
在雷达信号侦察中运用宽带数字接收技术是电子侦察的一个重要发展方向。宽带数字高灵敏度接收机使用尽量靠近射频段的模数转换器(ADC)，实现宽开监视，利用数据率转换系统降低数据率的同时完整保留目标信号通带内特性，完成窄带接收。利用DSP等可编程器件对所截获低速率信号进行处理，得到目标信号的详细参数。这样一种结构的硬件平台，可使各种信号处理方法通过改变可编程器件的软件来实现，功能灵活多变。其概念类似软件无线电，又存在较大差异。雷达信号侦察接收非合作信号，缺乏先验信息。本文根据雷达信号的侦收特点，围绕解决高速ADC与后端低速DSP之间速率瓶颈问题展开。提出了多种高速情况下降低数据率，并保持目标信号有用通带的解决方法。
降低数据率的本质是一个多速率信号处理问题。而宽带接收使用了高采样率ADC，多速率信号处理需进行改进。本文从两个方向对宽带数字接收机实现方案进行了讨论：引导式接收；数字信道化接收。引导式接收需要采用测频方法得到目标信号载频，由测频结果引导后续数字信号处理器降低数据率。数字信道化接收机不需要目标信号的先验知识，将ADC覆盖频谱细分为若干段，用对应的带通滤波器组将每个频段进行滤波，下变频，抽样。
本文介绍了两种引导式接收机，所用算法分别为带通采样方法和高效数字下变频方法。
本文对均匀带通采样方法和非均匀带通采样方法进行了介绍。指出带通采样方法由于带通采样率受信号中频、带宽变化，导致输出信号速率变化，要求后续DSP有变时钟处理能力，可实现性受到极大影响。不适用于宽带数字接收机。
本文提出了基于高效数字下变频结构的侦察盲区覆盖方法，低测频精度下信号接收两种方法。这两种方法不改变系统结构，将多相低通滤波器带宽加倍。在加宽后的滤波器通带内，通过带通采样的方法完成信号接收。高效下变频结构输出数据率固定，计算效率高，可用低速率器件完成，硬件可实现性强。
本文提出了将多级抽取运用于信道化接收。提出了盲区数字信道化接收方法。就信道化输出结果的检测进行了讨论，对比了幅度检测法和能量检测法，
指出了两种方法的优缺点及其应用场合。为降低宽带监视下窄带接收造成的滤波器阶数过高的问题，将多级抽取应用于DFT滤波器组中。对两种抽取比分解的多级实现进行了对比。无盲区信道化接收机接收方法，不需使用多级抽取，无接收盲区，对滤波器阶数要求极大降低，可实现性高。
本文提出了将多级抽取应用于多信号带通采样，利用各级滤波器过渡带混叠，有效降低滤波器阶数。提出了两种基于高效下变频结构的多信号接收方法：预处理方法以及带宽加倍方法。并指出了两个方法的各自适用范围。
本文提出高效下变频改进方法，减少下变频器数量。对基于带通采样，高效数字下变频，数字信道化接收三种方法的数据率转换系统的硬件设计进行了讨论。利用高速存储器及系统结构特点解决ADC与后续数据率转换器件之间的接口问题。对现有高速可编程器件在宽带接收机中的运用进行了比较。以FPGA为硬件平台，分别提出了以上述三种接收方法为核心的宽带数字接收机中方案。完成高效下变频方法FPGA设计及实验板设计。
In the detecting and intercepting of Radar signals, wideband digital receiving technology is an important trend. Wideband digital high sensitivity receiver (WDHSR) places its Analog Digital Converter (ADC) as near the antenna as possible to cover a wide survey band. With data rate converter, the high data rate after ADC is decreased while the information bandwidth of the target bandpass signals is kept well. By applying programmable device, like Digital Signal Processor (DSP) etc, more signal processing methods can be carried on to get detail information about target signals. Such kind of hardware platform makes the signal processing be able to be implemented by changing different software on the programmable device. The concept of this receiver is like a software radio. But there lie many differences. In Radar signal interception and receiving, no pre-information of the target signals is provided within a complicated magnetic environment. According to the characteristics of Radar signals, this dissertation focuses on resolving the rate gap between ADC and DSP. A few approaches are proposed in this paper.
The essence of data rate conversion is multi-rate signal processing technology. But in wide band digital Radar signal detection and receiving, the high data rate after ADC requires alteration. Two approaches are studied in this paper: frequency-guided receiver and channelized receiver. The frequency-guided receiver requires target signal's carrier frequency, gained by frequency measurement, to induct data rate conversion. By splitting the frequency spectrum within ADC overlay, channelized receiver made up of filter banks bandpass filtering, down converting and decimating correspondent part without pre-known parameter of target signals.
This dissertation studies two kinds of frequency-guided receivers by applying the following two approaches: bandpass sampling (BS), wideband efficient digital downconversion (WBEDDC).
Uniform BS and non-uniform BS are studied. It is proposed that because the
bandpass ample rate shifts with the carrier frequency and bandwidth of the target signal, DSPs with varying processing clock speed are required. This brings great trouble in hardware implementation.
Based on WBEDDC, two approaches are proposed: blind frequencies covering and signal receiving with low frequency estimation precision. With these two methods, signals are received by doubling filter's passband bandwidth without hardware structure change and bandpass sampling the signals after filtering. With fixed output data rate, high processing efficiency, the hardware implementation is much easier using low speed device.
Multi-stage filtering and decimation are proposed to be applied in channelized receiver. A no-blind frequency area channelized receiver is proposed. By comparing amplitude detection and energy detection, the output detection methods and the suitable application occasion of each are discussed. Multi-stage filtering and decimation are used to decrease the filter order caused by signal's normalized narrow bandwidth. The no-blind frequency area channelized receiver has following virtues: no blind frequency area, simple structure without multi-stage realization, low filter order and easy to be realized.
In bandpass sampling of multiple signals, multi-stage decimation is proposed to be used. By overlapping the filter transition band of each stage, the filter's order is greatly reduced. In multiple signals receiving based on WBEDDC, two multiple signals receiving approaches and their applications are proposed: the frequency shifting arithmetic and the double bandwidth method.
Improvement is proposed to reduce multipliers used in WBEDDC. The hardware designs of data rate conversion system based on the three approaches, bandpass sampling, WBEDDC, digital channelized receiver are studied. The idea of combining high speed ADC, high speed memory array and polyphase structure of data rate converter is proposed. The compare of available high speed programmable devices is made in hardware implementation
降低数据率的本质是一个多速率信号处理问题。而宽带接收使用了高采样率ADC，多速率信号处理需进行改进。本文从两个方向对宽带数字接收机实现方案进行了讨论：引导式接收；数字信道化接收。引导式接收需要采用测频方法得到目标信号载频，由测频结果引导后续数字信号处理器降低数据率。数字信道化接收机不需要目标信号的先验知识，将ADC覆盖频谱细分为若干段，用对应的带通滤波器组将每个频段进行滤波，下变频，抽样。
本文介绍了两种引导式接收机，所用算法分别为带通采样方法和高效数字下变频方法。
本文对均匀带通采样方法和非均匀带通采样方法进行了介绍。指出带通采样方法由于带通采样率受信号中频、带宽变化，导致输出信号速率变化，要求后续DSP有变时钟处理能力，可实现性受到极大影响。不适用于宽带数字接收机。
本文提出了基于高效数字下变频结构的侦察盲区覆盖方法，低测频精度下信号接收两种方法。这两种方法不改变系统结构，将多相低通滤波器带宽加倍。在加宽后的滤波器通带内，通过带通采样的方法完成信号接收。高效下变频结构输出数据率固定，计算效率高，可用低速率器件完成，硬件可实现性强。
本文提出了将多级抽取运用于信道化接收。提出了盲区数字信道化接收方法。就信道化输出结果的检测进行了讨论，对比了幅度检测法和能量检测法，
指出了两种方法的优缺点及其应用场合。为降低宽带监视下窄带接收造成的滤波器阶数过高的问题，将多级抽取应用于DFT滤波器组中。对两种抽取比分解的多级实现进行了对比。无盲区信道化接收机接收方法，不需使用多级抽取，无接收盲区，对滤波器阶数要求极大降低，可实现性高。
本文提出了将多级抽取应用于多信号带通采样，利用各级滤波器过渡带混叠，有效降低滤波器阶数。提出了两种基于高效下变频结构的多信号接收方法：预处理方法以及带宽加倍方法。并指出了两个方法的各自适用范围。
本文提出高效下变频改进方法，减少下变频器数量。对基于带通采样，高效数字下变频，数字信道化接收三种方法的数据率转换系统的硬件设计进行了讨论。利用高速存储器及系统结构特点解决ADC与后续数据率转换器件之间的接口问题。对现有高速可编程器件在宽带接收机中的运用进行了比较。以FPGA为硬件平台，分别提出了以上述三种接收方法为核心的宽带数字接收机中方案。完成高效下变频方法FPGA设计及实验板设计。
In the detecting and intercepting of Radar signals, wideband digital receiving technology is an important trend. Wideband digital high sensitivity receiver (WDHSR) places its Analog Digital Converter (ADC) as near the antenna as possible to cover a wide survey band. With data rate converter, the high data rate after ADC is decreased while the information bandwidth of the target bandpass signals is kept well. By applying programmable device, like Digital Signal Processor (DSP) etc, more signal processing methods can be carried on to get detail information about target signals. Such kind of hardware platform makes the signal processing be able to be implemented by changing different software on the programmable device. The concept of this receiver is like a software radio. But there lie many differences. In Radar signal interception and receiving, no pre-information of the target signals is provided within a complicated magnetic environment. According to the characteristics of Radar signals, this dissertation focuses on resolving the rate gap between ADC and DSP. A few approaches are proposed in this paper.
The essence of data rate conversion is multi-rate signal processing technology. But in wide band digital Radar signal detection and receiving, the high data rate after ADC requires alteration. Two approaches are studied in this paper: frequency-guided receiver and channelized receiver. The frequency-guided receiver requires target signal's carrier frequency, gained by frequency measurement, to induct data rate conversion. By splitting the frequency spectrum within ADC overlay, channelized receiver made up of filter banks bandpass filtering, down converting and decimating correspondent part without pre-known parameter of target signals.
This dissertation studies two kinds of frequency-guided receivers by applying the following two approaches: bandpass sampling (BS), wideband efficient digital downconversion (WBEDDC).
Uniform BS and non-uniform BS are studied. It is proposed that because the
bandpass ample rate shifts with the carrier frequency and bandwidth of the target signal, DSPs with varying processing clock speed are required. This brings great trouble in hardware implementation.
Based on WBEDDC, two approaches are proposed: blind frequencies covering and signal receiving with low frequency estimation precision. With these two methods, signals are received by doubling filter's passband bandwidth without hardware structure change and bandpass sampling the signals after filtering. With fixed output data rate, high processing efficiency, the hardware implementation is much easier using low speed device.
Multi-stage filtering and decimation are proposed to be applied in channelized receiver. A no-blind frequency area channelized receiver is proposed. By comparing amplitude detection and energy detection, the output detection methods and the suitable application occasion of each are discussed. Multi-stage filtering and decimation are used to decrease the filter order caused by signal's normalized narrow bandwidth. The no-blind frequency area channelized receiver has following virtues: no blind frequency area, simple structure without multi-stage realization, low filter order and easy to be realized.
In bandpass sampling of multiple signals, multi-stage decimation is proposed to be used. By overlapping the filter transition band of each stage, the filter's order is greatly reduced. In multiple signals receiving based on WBEDDC, two multiple signals receiving approaches and their applications are proposed: the frequency shifting arithmetic and the double bandwidth method.
Improvement is proposed to reduce multipliers used in WBEDDC. The hardware designs of data rate conversion system based on the three approaches, bandpass sampling, WBEDDC, digital channelized receiver are studied. The idea of combining high speed ADC, high speed memory array and polyphase structure of data rate converter is proposed. The compare of available high speed programmable devices is made in hardware implementation
引文
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