速度成像方法研究CH_2I_2在飞秒激光场下的电离解离过程
摘要
本篇论文主要通过介绍速度成像方法的基本原理和相关理论知识逐层深入的介绍了这一方法在理论和应用中涉及到的内容,同时还介绍了作者参与的CH2I2分子速度成像实验过程。
离子速度成像实验是研究激光与分子相互作用的重要手段,而激光与分子相互作用的研究对基元反应有着重要意义,因此速度成像实验就成为了很多人关心的一种实验方法。本文前半部分着重阐述了激光与分子相互作用的意义和发展前景,并对相关的基本问题做了一定程度的说明。然后介绍了速度成像的相关基础知识(如飞行时间质谱、离子透镜、反Abel变化等)和相关实验设备,以及作者所在的小组是如何使用这些设备的,并对CH2I2实验中遇到的一些具体问题做出了分析。
通过对CH2I2分子的速度成像实验得到的结果进行分析。我们认,用波长为800nm,光强为1890μJ的垂直偏振光作用在CH2I2分子上,产生一个多光子电离过程,Ⅰ+分为高能和低能两个部分,低能部分是CH2I2+吸收2个光子能量解离出CH2I和I+得到的,而低能部分是库伦爆炸的产物；CH2I+则是由CH2I2+吸收1个光子得到的。无论是从角度分布还是从能量的计算这一结论都与理论计算的结果相差不大,从而也证明了我们的推断。
最后对我们的研究作出了展望,未来将在现有的系统上添加六极杆尝试实现态选择。
The recent progress of laser technology has reached a burst of femtosecond science where the photodissociation dynamics of molecules plays an important role in physics. In particular, the recent advancement of
intense laser field has led to a set of strong-field phenomena, such as
multiphoton ionization, multiphoton resonance, high-order harmonic generation, etc, are all beyond the perturbative regime. The main approach
is the ion velocity imaging technique. This technique is formed a set of completely experimental techniques and theoretical models, which provided a solid guarantee for our study of molecular photon dissociation process.
This thesis introduces the basic principle of velocity imaging method and the experimental equipments, and makes an explicit explanation of them by the velocity imaging experiment of CH2I2.Meanwhile, we analyses the evolution of energy structure of CH2I2 in 800 nm laser pulse by experiment. The main achievements are summarized below:
The first part is the introduction of photon dissociation dynamics theory and the development and improvement in the future. We simply described the velocity imaging techniques, and made the derivation of some basic problems in photon dissociation dynamics.
The second part is the explicit description of velocity imaging techniques. We simply described the velocity imaging techniques, and made the derivation of some basic problems in photon dissociation dynamics. The important process of ion velocity imaging techniques consist of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), ion lens, A-type antiferromagnetic model.
The third part is the introduction of experimental devices, and an explicit explanation for the problem which we always met in the debugging and checking process. In actually experimental process, we always met various problems in experiment although we know the theoretical process, so it is necessary for us to familiar with instrument and equipment in experiment.
The fourth part is the analysis for the experimental results of the velocity imaging of CH2I2 molecule. We can make a conclusion that the 800 nm,1890μJ vertical polarized laser pulse act on CH2I2 molecule can produce a multiphoton ionization process. The ionization energy of ion from experimental is almost the same as the theoretical calculation, which also proved our deduction.
离子速度成像实验是研究激光与分子相互作用的重要手段,而激光与分子相互作用的研究对基元反应有着重要意义,因此速度成像实验就成为了很多人关心的一种实验方法。本文前半部分着重阐述了激光与分子相互作用的意义和发展前景,并对相关的基本问题做了一定程度的说明。然后介绍了速度成像的相关基础知识(如飞行时间质谱、离子透镜、反Abel变化等)和相关实验设备,以及作者所在的小组是如何使用这些设备的,并对CH2I2实验中遇到的一些具体问题做出了分析。
通过对CH2I2分子的速度成像实验得到的结果进行分析。我们认,用波长为800nm,光强为1890μJ的垂直偏振光作用在CH2I2分子上,产生一个多光子电离过程,Ⅰ+分为高能和低能两个部分,低能部分是CH2I2+吸收2个光子能量解离出CH2I和I+得到的,而低能部分是库伦爆炸的产物；CH2I+则是由CH2I2+吸收1个光子得到的。无论是从角度分布还是从能量的计算这一结论都与理论计算的结果相差不大,从而也证明了我们的推断。
最后对我们的研究作出了展望,未来将在现有的系统上添加六极杆尝试实现态选择。
The recent progress of laser technology has reached a burst of femtosecond science where the photodissociation dynamics of molecules plays an important role in physics. In particular, the recent advancement of
intense laser field has led to a set of strong-field phenomena, such as
multiphoton ionization, multiphoton resonance, high-order harmonic generation, etc, are all beyond the perturbative regime. The main approach
is the ion velocity imaging technique. This technique is formed a set of completely experimental techniques and theoretical models, which provided a solid guarantee for our study of molecular photon dissociation process.
This thesis introduces the basic principle of velocity imaging method and the experimental equipments, and makes an explicit explanation of them by the velocity imaging experiment of CH2I2.Meanwhile, we analyses the evolution of energy structure of CH2I2 in 800 nm laser pulse by experiment. The main achievements are summarized below:
The first part is the introduction of photon dissociation dynamics theory and the development and improvement in the future. We simply described the velocity imaging techniques, and made the derivation of some basic problems in photon dissociation dynamics.
The second part is the explicit description of velocity imaging techniques. We simply described the velocity imaging techniques, and made the derivation of some basic problems in photon dissociation dynamics. The important process of ion velocity imaging techniques consist of time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), ion lens, A-type antiferromagnetic model.
The third part is the introduction of experimental devices, and an explicit explanation for the problem which we always met in the debugging and checking process. In actually experimental process, we always met various problems in experiment although we know the theoretical process, so it is necessary for us to familiar with instrument and equipment in experiment.
The fourth part is the analysis for the experimental results of the velocity imaging of CH2I2 molecule. We can make a conclusion that the 800 nm,1890μJ vertical polarized laser pulse act on CH2I2 molecule can produce a multiphoton ionization process. The ionization energy of ion from experimental is almost the same as the theoretical calculation, which also proved our deduction.
引文
[1]Zewail A H. Femtochemistry:Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Chemical bond using ultrafast lasers (Nobel lecture) [J].Angewandte Chemie-International Edition,2000(39):2587-2631.
[2]Diau E W G, Herek J L, Kim Z H, et al. Femtosecond Activation of Reactions and the Concept of Nonergodic Molecules [J]. Science, 1998(279):847-851.
[3]蔡继康,李书涛.激光与化学反应动力学[M].合肥：安徽教育出版社,1992.
[4]俞树勤.微观化学反应动力学[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,1992.
[5]马兴孝,孔繁敖.激光化学[M]合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,1990.
[6]S.R.Leone. Laser probing of chemical reaction dynamics, [J]. Science, 1985(227):889.
[7]R.B.Bernstein. Chemical Dynamics via Molecular Beam and Laser Techniques, [M].New York:Oxford University Press,1982.
[8]M.N.R.Asjfold, J.E.Baggott, Molecular photodissociation Dynamics, [J].Royal society of Chemistry,1987.
[9]郑秋莎,唐颖,朱荣淑,魏政荣,张冰,离子速度成像方法研究CsH17B；分子的光解动力学[J].物理化学学报2006，22(4)：46
[10]唐颖,速度影像方法对卤代化合物光解动力学的研究[D],武汉：中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所,2007.
[11]L.J.Butler, D.M.Neumark. Photodissociation Dynamics [J]. Phys. Chem.,1996(106):12801.
[12]H.S.Johnston, Annu. Atmospheric Ozone [J]. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1992(43):1.
[13]J.C.Brenot, M.D.Ferguson. In State-Slected and State-to-State Ion-Molecule Reaction Dynamics, Part I:Experiment. [M], New York:Wiley,1992
[14]M.A.Buntine,D.P.Baldwin,R.N.Zare,D.W.Chandler. Application of ion imaging to the atom--molecule exchange reaction:H+HI-->H2+I, [J]. J. Chem.Phys.,1991(94):4672.
[15]L. Schnieder, K. Seekamp-Rahn, F. Liedeker, H. Steuwe and K. H. Welge. Hydrogen exchange reaction H+D2 in crossed beams [J]. Chem.Soc.,1991(91):259.
[16]A.G.Suits, L.S.Bontuyan, P.L.Houston, B.J. Whitaker. Differential cross-sections for state-selected products by direct imaging-Ar+NO [J].Chem.Phys.,1992(96):8618.
[17]L.S.Bontuyan, A.G.Suits, P.L.Houston, B.J.Whitaker. State-Resolved Differential Cross Sections for Crossed-Beam Ar-NO Inelastic Scattering by Direct Ion Imaging [J] J.Phys.Chem.,1993(97):6342. [18] A. J.R.Heck,D.W.Neyer,R.N.Zare,D. W.Chandler. Photofragment Imaging of Kr2 and ArKr van der Waals Molecules following Two-Photon Excitation [J]. J. Phys. Chem.1995(99):17700.
[19]K.T.Lorenz, D.W.Chandler, GC.McBane. State-to-State Differential Cross Sections by Velocity Mapping for Rotational Excitation of CO by Ne [J]. J. Phys. Chem. A,2002(106):1144.
[20]J. J. Lin, J. Zhou,W. Shui,K. Liu. State-Specific Correlation of Coincident Product Pairs in the F+CD4 Reaction. [J]. Science, 2003(300):966.
[21]J.J.Larsen,N.J.Morkbak,J.Olesen,N.Bjerre,M.Machholm,S.R.Keiding ,H.Stapelfeldt. Femtosecond photodissociation dynamics of Ⅰ-2 studied by ion imaging [J].Chem.Phys.,1998(109):8857-8863.
[22]W.G.Roeterdink, M.H.M.Janssen. Velocity map imaging of femtosecond photodynamics of CF3I. [J] Chem. Phys. Lett.,2001(345):72.
[23]W.Radloff,P.Farmanara,V.Stert,E.Schreiber,J.R.Huber. Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics in electronically excited CF2I2 molecules [J].Eur.Phys.,1999(9):405-406.
[24]A.N.Tarnovsky,M.Wall,M.Gustafsson,N.Lascoux,V.Sundstroem,E.Ke sson. Ultrafast Study of the Photodissociation of Bromoiodomethane in Acetonitrile upon 266 nm Excitation J.Phys.Chem.A,2002(106):5999-6005.
[25]Z.Wang,D.S.Elliott. Determination of the Phase Difference between Even and Odd Continuum Wave Functions in Atoms through Quantum Interference Measurements [J].Phys.Rev.Lett.,2001 (87):173001.
[26]R.D.Levine, and R.B.Bernstein, Moleeular Reaetion Dynamics and Chemical Reactivity [M], New York:oxford University Press,1987.
[27]J.L.Kinsey, Fourier-Transform Doppler Spectroscopy-New Means of Obtaining Velocity-Angle Distributions in Scattering Experiments [J].Chem.Phys.,1977(66):2560.
[28]D.W.Chandler,and P.L.Houston, Velocity and Internal State Distributions by Two-Dimensional Imaging of Products Detected by Multiphoton Ionization, [J].Chem.Phys,1987(87):1445
[29]R.B.伯恩斯坦,分子束与激光技术揭示的化学动力学[M],科学出版社,1988.
[30]W.Demtroder,Laser Spectroscopy[J],Springer,1996.
[31]T.Bergmann, T.P.Martin, and H.Sehaber, High-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometers:Part I. Effects of field distortions in the vicinity of wire meshes.[J],Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1989(60):347
[32]A.T.J.B.Eppink, and D.H. Parker', Velocity map imaging of ions and electrons using electrostatic lenses:Application in photoelectron and photo fragment ion imaging of molecular oxygen [J]Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1997(68):3477.
[33]M.Szilagyi.Electron and ion optics,Plenum,[M].New York,1988.
[34]C.J.Dasch. One-Dimensional Tomography:A Comparison of Abel, Onion-Peeling,and Filtered Backprojection Methods. [J] Appl.Opt., 1992(31):367.
[35]L.M.Smith,D.R.Keefer,S.I.Sudharsanan. Digital imaging technique for optical emission spectroscopy of a hydrogen arcjet plume [J].Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer,1988(39):367.
[36]Y.Sato,Y.Matsumi,M.Kawasaki. Ion Imaging of the Photodissociation of OCS Near 217 and 230 nm [J].Phys.Chem.,1995(99):16307.
[37]C.Bordas,F.Paulig,H.Helm,D.L.Huestis. Photoelectron imaging spectrometry:Principle and inversion method [J]. Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1996 (67):2257.
[38]Kilic H S, Ledingham K W D, Kosmidis C, McCanny T,Singhal R P, Wang S L, Smith D J, Langley A J and Shaikh W Ionization and Dissociation of Benzaldehyde Using Short Intense Laser Pulses [J]. Phys. Chem. A,1997 (101):817
[39]Talebpour A, Bandrauk A D, Yang J and Chin S L Multiphoton ionization of inner-valence electrons and fragmentation of ethylene in an intense Ti:sapphire laser pulse [J]. Chem.Phys. Lett.1999(313):789
[40]Sharma P, Vasta R K, Maity D K and Kulshreshtha S K. Laser induced photodissociation of CH2Cl2 and CH2Br2at 355 nm:an experimental and theoretical study [J] Chem. Phys. Lett.2003(382):637
[41]Wu C-Y, Xiong Y-J, Ji N, He Y, Gao Z and Kong F. MRD-CI Characterization of Electronic Spectra of Isoelectronic Species C6-, NC4N+ and CNC3N+. [J] Phys. Chem. A,2001(105):374
[42]Qiaoqiao Wang, Di Wu, Dongdong Zhang, Mingxing Jin, Fuchun Liu, Hang Liu, Zhan Hu and Dajun Ding, Ionization and Dissociation Processes of Pyrrolidine in Intense Femtosecond Laser Field [J].J Phys. Chem. C 2009(113):11805
[43]Vijayalakshmi K, Safvan C P, Kumar R G and Mathur D Multiply Charged Ions from Aromatic Molecules Following Irradiation in Intense Laser Fields.[J]J. Chem. Phys. Lett.1997(270):37
[44]Wang Q, Wu D, Jin M, Liu F, Hu F, Cheng X, Liu H, Hu Z, Ding D, Mineo H, Dyakov YA, Mebel AM, Chao SD, Lin SH. Experimental and theoretical investigations of ionization/dissociation of cyclopentanone molecule in a femtosecond laser field.[J].J. Chem. Phys.2008 (129):204302
[45]Siozos P, Kaziannis S and Koxmidis C Int. Concerted elimination of CH2I2 and CH2IC1 under intense femtosecond laser excitation. [J]. Mass Spectrosc.2003(225):249
[46]Tzallas P, Kosmidis C, Philis J G, Ledingham K W D,McCanny T, Singhal R P, Hankin S M, Taday P Fand Langley A [J]J Chem. Phys. Lett.2001(343):9
[47]Larsen J J, Sakai H, Safvan C P, Wendt-Larsen land Stapelfeldt H.Nontrivial Polarization Shaping of Femtosecond Pulses by Reference to the Results of Dual-Channel Spectral Interferometry.[J].J Chem. Phys. 1999(111):7774
[48 Sugita A, Mashino M, Kawasaki M, Matsumi Y, Gordon R J and Bershon R. Control of Photofragment Velocity Anisotropy by Optical Alignment of CH3I," [J] J Chem. Phys.2000 (112):2164
[49]W. C. Wiley and I. H. McLaren, Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with Improved Resolution, [J] Rev. Sci. Instrum.,26,1150 (1955)
[50]Xia Zhang, Dongdong Zhang, Hang Liu, Haifeng Xul, Mingxing Jin and Dajun Ding. Angular distributions of fragment ions in dissociative ionization of CH2I2 molecules in intense laser fields.[J] J Phys B.2010(43):025102
[51]张夏,CH2I2分子在飞秒激光场下的电离解离及库仑爆炸研究[D],原子与分子物理研究所,2009.
[2]Diau E W G, Herek J L, Kim Z H, et al. Femtosecond Activation of Reactions and the Concept of Nonergodic Molecules [J]. Science, 1998(279):847-851.
[3]蔡继康,李书涛.激光与化学反应动力学[M].合肥：安徽教育出版社,1992.
[4]俞树勤.微观化学反应动力学[M].合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,1992.
[5]马兴孝,孔繁敖.激光化学[M]合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社,1990.
[6]S.R.Leone. Laser probing of chemical reaction dynamics, [J]. Science, 1985(227):889.
[7]R.B.Bernstein. Chemical Dynamics via Molecular Beam and Laser Techniques, [M].New York:Oxford University Press,1982.
[8]M.N.R.Asjfold, J.E.Baggott, Molecular photodissociation Dynamics, [J].Royal society of Chemistry,1987.
[9]郑秋莎,唐颖,朱荣淑,魏政荣,张冰,离子速度成像方法研究CsH17B；分子的光解动力学[J].物理化学学报2006，22(4)：46
[10]唐颖,速度影像方法对卤代化合物光解动力学的研究[D],武汉：中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所,2007.
[11]L.J.Butler, D.M.Neumark. Photodissociation Dynamics [J]. Phys. Chem.,1996(106):12801.
[12]H.S.Johnston, Annu. Atmospheric Ozone [J]. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1992(43):1.
[13]J.C.Brenot, M.D.Ferguson. In State-Slected and State-to-State Ion-Molecule Reaction Dynamics, Part I:Experiment. [M], New York:Wiley,1992
[14]M.A.Buntine,D.P.Baldwin,R.N.Zare,D.W.Chandler. Application of ion imaging to the atom--molecule exchange reaction:H+HI-->H2+I, [J]. J. Chem.Phys.,1991(94):4672.
[15]L. Schnieder, K. Seekamp-Rahn, F. Liedeker, H. Steuwe and K. H. Welge. Hydrogen exchange reaction H+D2 in crossed beams [J]. Chem.Soc.,1991(91):259.
[16]A.G.Suits, L.S.Bontuyan, P.L.Houston, B.J. Whitaker. Differential cross-sections for state-selected products by direct imaging-Ar+NO [J].Chem.Phys.,1992(96):8618.
[17]L.S.Bontuyan, A.G.Suits, P.L.Houston, B.J.Whitaker. State-Resolved Differential Cross Sections for Crossed-Beam Ar-NO Inelastic Scattering by Direct Ion Imaging [J] J.Phys.Chem.,1993(97):6342. [18] A. J.R.Heck,D.W.Neyer,R.N.Zare,D. W.Chandler. Photofragment Imaging of Kr2 and ArKr van der Waals Molecules following Two-Photon Excitation [J]. J. Phys. Chem.1995(99):17700.
[19]K.T.Lorenz, D.W.Chandler, GC.McBane. State-to-State Differential Cross Sections by Velocity Mapping for Rotational Excitation of CO by Ne [J]. J. Phys. Chem. A,2002(106):1144.
[20]J. J. Lin, J. Zhou,W. Shui,K. Liu. State-Specific Correlation of Coincident Product Pairs in the F+CD4 Reaction. [J]. Science, 2003(300):966.
[21]J.J.Larsen,N.J.Morkbak,J.Olesen,N.Bjerre,M.Machholm,S.R.Keiding ,H.Stapelfeldt. Femtosecond photodissociation dynamics of Ⅰ-2 studied by ion imaging [J].Chem.Phys.,1998(109):8857-8863.
[22]W.G.Roeterdink, M.H.M.Janssen. Velocity map imaging of femtosecond photodynamics of CF3I. [J] Chem. Phys. Lett.,2001(345):72.
[23]W.Radloff,P.Farmanara,V.Stert,E.Schreiber,J.R.Huber. Ultrafast photodissociation dynamics in electronically excited CF2I2 molecules [J].Eur.Phys.,1999(9):405-406.
[24]A.N.Tarnovsky,M.Wall,M.Gustafsson,N.Lascoux,V.Sundstroem,E.Ke sson. Ultrafast Study of the Photodissociation of Bromoiodomethane in Acetonitrile upon 266 nm Excitation J.Phys.Chem.A,2002(106):5999-6005.
[25]Z.Wang,D.S.Elliott. Determination of the Phase Difference between Even and Odd Continuum Wave Functions in Atoms through Quantum Interference Measurements [J].Phys.Rev.Lett.,2001 (87):173001.
[26]R.D.Levine, and R.B.Bernstein, Moleeular Reaetion Dynamics and Chemical Reactivity [M], New York:oxford University Press,1987.
[27]J.L.Kinsey, Fourier-Transform Doppler Spectroscopy-New Means of Obtaining Velocity-Angle Distributions in Scattering Experiments [J].Chem.Phys.,1977(66):2560.
[28]D.W.Chandler,and P.L.Houston, Velocity and Internal State Distributions by Two-Dimensional Imaging of Products Detected by Multiphoton Ionization, [J].Chem.Phys,1987(87):1445
[29]R.B.伯恩斯坦,分子束与激光技术揭示的化学动力学[M],科学出版社,1988.
[30]W.Demtroder,Laser Spectroscopy[J],Springer,1996.
[31]T.Bergmann, T.P.Martin, and H.Sehaber, High-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometers:Part I. Effects of field distortions in the vicinity of wire meshes.[J],Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1989(60):347
[32]A.T.J.B.Eppink, and D.H. Parker', Velocity map imaging of ions and electrons using electrostatic lenses:Application in photoelectron and photo fragment ion imaging of molecular oxygen [J]Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1997(68):3477.
[33]M.Szilagyi.Electron and ion optics,Plenum,[M].New York,1988.
[34]C.J.Dasch. One-Dimensional Tomography:A Comparison of Abel, Onion-Peeling,and Filtered Backprojection Methods. [J] Appl.Opt., 1992(31):367.
[35]L.M.Smith,D.R.Keefer,S.I.Sudharsanan. Digital imaging technique for optical emission spectroscopy of a hydrogen arcjet plume [J].Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer,1988(39):367.
[36]Y.Sato,Y.Matsumi,M.Kawasaki. Ion Imaging of the Photodissociation of OCS Near 217 and 230 nm [J].Phys.Chem.,1995(99):16307.
[37]C.Bordas,F.Paulig,H.Helm,D.L.Huestis. Photoelectron imaging spectrometry:Principle and inversion method [J]. Rev.Sci.Instrum.,1996 (67):2257.
[38]Kilic H S, Ledingham K W D, Kosmidis C, McCanny T,Singhal R P, Wang S L, Smith D J, Langley A J and Shaikh W Ionization and Dissociation of Benzaldehyde Using Short Intense Laser Pulses [J]. Phys. Chem. A,1997 (101):817
[39]Talebpour A, Bandrauk A D, Yang J and Chin S L Multiphoton ionization of inner-valence electrons and fragmentation of ethylene in an intense Ti:sapphire laser pulse [J]. Chem.Phys. Lett.1999(313):789
[40]Sharma P, Vasta R K, Maity D K and Kulshreshtha S K. Laser induced photodissociation of CH2Cl2 and CH2Br2at 355 nm:an experimental and theoretical study [J] Chem. Phys. Lett.2003(382):637
[41]Wu C-Y, Xiong Y-J, Ji N, He Y, Gao Z and Kong F. MRD-CI Characterization of Electronic Spectra of Isoelectronic Species C6-, NC4N+ and CNC3N+. [J] Phys. Chem. A,2001(105):374
[42]Qiaoqiao Wang, Di Wu, Dongdong Zhang, Mingxing Jin, Fuchun Liu, Hang Liu, Zhan Hu and Dajun Ding, Ionization and Dissociation Processes of Pyrrolidine in Intense Femtosecond Laser Field [J].J Phys. Chem. C 2009(113):11805
[43]Vijayalakshmi K, Safvan C P, Kumar R G and Mathur D Multiply Charged Ions from Aromatic Molecules Following Irradiation in Intense Laser Fields.[J]J. Chem. Phys. Lett.1997(270):37
[44]Wang Q, Wu D, Jin M, Liu F, Hu F, Cheng X, Liu H, Hu Z, Ding D, Mineo H, Dyakov YA, Mebel AM, Chao SD, Lin SH. Experimental and theoretical investigations of ionization/dissociation of cyclopentanone molecule in a femtosecond laser field.[J].J. Chem. Phys.2008 (129):204302
[45]Siozos P, Kaziannis S and Koxmidis C Int. Concerted elimination of CH2I2 and CH2IC1 under intense femtosecond laser excitation. [J]. Mass Spectrosc.2003(225):249
[46]Tzallas P, Kosmidis C, Philis J G, Ledingham K W D,McCanny T, Singhal R P, Hankin S M, Taday P Fand Langley A [J]J Chem. Phys. Lett.2001(343):9
[47]Larsen J J, Sakai H, Safvan C P, Wendt-Larsen land Stapelfeldt H.Nontrivial Polarization Shaping of Femtosecond Pulses by Reference to the Results of Dual-Channel Spectral Interferometry.[J].J Chem. Phys. 1999(111):7774
[48 Sugita A, Mashino M, Kawasaki M, Matsumi Y, Gordon R J and Bershon R. Control of Photofragment Velocity Anisotropy by Optical Alignment of CH3I," [J] J Chem. Phys.2000 (112):2164
[49]W. C. Wiley and I. H. McLaren, Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with Improved Resolution, [J] Rev. Sci. Instrum.,26,1150 (1955)
[50]Xia Zhang, Dongdong Zhang, Hang Liu, Haifeng Xul, Mingxing Jin and Dajun Ding. Angular distributions of fragment ions in dissociative ionization of CH2I2 molecules in intense laser fields.[J] J Phys B.2010(43):025102
[51]张夏,CH2I2分子在飞秒激光场下的电离解离及库仑爆炸研究[D],原子与分子物理研究所,2009.