苹果叶片光谱反射率与叶绿素和全氮含量的相关研究
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摘要
本研究于2007年4月至2008年11月主要在陕西省宝鸡市凤翔县苹果试验园和范家寨乡范家寨村张乖转苹果园进行,以礼富一号、嘎拉和秦冠苹果树为供试材料,测定了不同时期苹果叶片的光谱反射率及其对应的叶绿素和全氮含量,对苹果叶片的光谱反射率、一阶微分光谱、光谱参数与叶绿素和全氮含量之间的相关性进行了分析。在此基础上构建了叶绿素和全氮含量的预测模型,并进行了精度检验,得出以下结果:
1、施氮水平影响苹果叶片光谱反射特征,不同波段区域光谱响应不同。随施氮水平的增加,叶片在可见光区的光谱反射率均逐渐降低,而近红外波段的反射率却逐渐升高。不同时期的表现基本相同,随着生长阶段的推进,叶片在可见光区的光谱反射率逐渐降低,在近红外区逐渐升高。
2、苹果叶片在各生育时期Chl和全N随施氮量的增加而提高。不同氮肥处理的Chl随生育期的推进而出现差异。在不同的施氮水平下,全N随生育期的推进而下降。
3、苹果叶片光谱反射率随色素含量的变化呈现出相似的变征。Chla+b与光谱反射率的相关性高于Chla或Chlb单独建立的相关关系。叶绿素含量与原始光谱反射率之间在703 nm处出现最大相关系数( r = - 0.836)。与一阶微分光谱在684 nm处的最大相关系数(r = 0.81)。684 nm是遥感监测叶绿素变化差异的敏感波段。
4、苹果叶片全氮含量与原始光谱反射率之间在715 nm处有最大相关系数( r = - 0.842)。全氮与一阶微分光谱间的最大相关系数波长位于723 nm附近,r = 0.863,达极显著水平。对原始光谱反射率而言,所构建的非线性对数关系模型对全氮的预测能力优于线性模型;对一阶微分光谱而言,线性模型和非线性模型的预测能力接近,均可对全氮进行较好的预测。723 nm是遥感监测氮素变化差异的敏感波段。
5、通过精度检验,以蓝边面积(SDb)为自变量构建的指数模型CChla= 0.0538 e~(35.267SDb、CChlb=0.0418 e~(26.89SDb)和CChla+b=0.0815e~(48.924 SDb),分别估算苹果叶片的Chla、chlb和Chla+b;以红边位置(λr)为自变量所构建的线性模型y = 0.0524λr +34.358估算苹果叶片全氮含量。与其它模型相比,不仅具有可行性,而且估算精度较高。
The spectral reflectances, chlorophyll concentration and total nitrogen concentration of different stages of apple’s leaves were measured in apple trees in Fengxiang orchard,Shaanxi province from April in 2007 to November in 2008.The correlation among spectra reflectance,the first derivative spectral,spectral parameter and chlorophyll concentration and total nitrogen concentration were analyzed.Based on the correlation,the quantitative monitoring model of chlorophyll concen- tration and total nitrogen concentration was established. The main results were as follows:
1 Nitrogen level affects characteristics of spectral reflectance, different spectral response at different bands region.The spectra reflectivity reduced with increasing nitrogen application rate in visible region and increased in near infrared region.With the growth of apple,The spectral reflectivity reduced with increasing nitrogen application rate in visible region and increased in near infrared region.
2 The chlorophyll concentration and total nitrogen concentrations increased with increasing nitrogen application rate.With the growth of apple, there is a difference between the total nitrogen and chlorophyll content under different nitrogen levels.
3 Spectral reflectance of apple leaf changes in pigment content,with showing a similar change level.Correlation coefficient between Chla+b and the spectral reflectance is higher than the relevance of Chla or Chlb that established relationship separately.Correlation coefficient between original spectral reflectance and chlorophyll content at 703nm has the largest correlation coefficient (r =-0.836).Correlation coefficient between derivation spectral and chlorophyll content at 684 nm has the largest correlation coefficient (r = 0.81).
4 Correlation coefficient between original spectral reflectance and the total nitrogen con- centration at 715 nm has the largest correlation coefficient (r = - 0.842).Correlation coefficient between derivation spectral and total nitrogen content at 723 nm has the largest correlation coeffi- cient (r = 0.863) and up to a very significant level.For the original spectral reflectance, nitrogen contents and the logarithm model constructed with reflectance at this point is the better one as compared to linear model;For first-order derivative spectra,the linear and non linear model have the similar capacity for the nitrogen estimation.
5 Through a comprehensive analysis and accuracy of testing,the index model were built to SDb as variables to estimate Chla,Chlb,and chla+b of apple leaves, CChla= 0.0538 e~(35.267SDb、CChlb=0.0418 e~(26.89SDb)和CChla+b=0.0815e~(48.924 SDb).Toλr for the construction of arguments by the linear model y = 0.0524λr +34.358 estimate total nitrogen content.Compared with other models, this model is not only feasible,but also estimates more accurately.
1、施氮水平影响苹果叶片光谱反射特征,不同波段区域光谱响应不同。随施氮水平的增加,叶片在可见光区的光谱反射率均逐渐降低,而近红外波段的反射率却逐渐升高。不同时期的表现基本相同,随着生长阶段的推进,叶片在可见光区的光谱反射率逐渐降低,在近红外区逐渐升高。
2、苹果叶片在各生育时期Chl和全N随施氮量的增加而提高。不同氮肥处理的Chl随生育期的推进而出现差异。在不同的施氮水平下,全N随生育期的推进而下降。
3、苹果叶片光谱反射率随色素含量的变化呈现出相似的变征。Chla+b与光谱反射率的相关性高于Chla或Chlb单独建立的相关关系。叶绿素含量与原始光谱反射率之间在703 nm处出现最大相关系数( r = - 0.836)。与一阶微分光谱在684 nm处的最大相关系数(r = 0.81)。684 nm是遥感监测叶绿素变化差异的敏感波段。
4、苹果叶片全氮含量与原始光谱反射率之间在715 nm处有最大相关系数( r = - 0.842)。全氮与一阶微分光谱间的最大相关系数波长位于723 nm附近,r = 0.863,达极显著水平。对原始光谱反射率而言,所构建的非线性对数关系模型对全氮的预测能力优于线性模型;对一阶微分光谱而言,线性模型和非线性模型的预测能力接近,均可对全氮进行较好的预测。723 nm是遥感监测氮素变化差异的敏感波段。
5、通过精度检验,以蓝边面积(SDb)为自变量构建的指数模型CChla= 0.0538 e~(35.267SDb、CChlb=0.0418 e~(26.89SDb)和CChla+b=0.0815e~(48.924 SDb),分别估算苹果叶片的Chla、chlb和Chla+b;以红边位置(λr)为自变量所构建的线性模型y = 0.0524λr +34.358估算苹果叶片全氮含量。与其它模型相比,不仅具有可行性,而且估算精度较高。
The spectral reflectances, chlorophyll concentration and total nitrogen concentration of different stages of apple’s leaves were measured in apple trees in Fengxiang orchard,Shaanxi province from April in 2007 to November in 2008.The correlation among spectra reflectance,the first derivative spectral,spectral parameter and chlorophyll concentration and total nitrogen concentration were analyzed.Based on the correlation,the quantitative monitoring model of chlorophyll concen- tration and total nitrogen concentration was established. The main results were as follows:
1 Nitrogen level affects characteristics of spectral reflectance, different spectral response at different bands region.The spectra reflectivity reduced with increasing nitrogen application rate in visible region and increased in near infrared region.With the growth of apple,The spectral reflectivity reduced with increasing nitrogen application rate in visible region and increased in near infrared region.
2 The chlorophyll concentration and total nitrogen concentrations increased with increasing nitrogen application rate.With the growth of apple, there is a difference between the total nitrogen and chlorophyll content under different nitrogen levels.
3 Spectral reflectance of apple leaf changes in pigment content,with showing a similar change level.Correlation coefficient between Chla+b and the spectral reflectance is higher than the relevance of Chla or Chlb that established relationship separately.Correlation coefficient between original spectral reflectance and chlorophyll content at 703nm has the largest correlation coefficient (r =-0.836).Correlation coefficient between derivation spectral and chlorophyll content at 684 nm has the largest correlation coefficient (r = 0.81).
4 Correlation coefficient between original spectral reflectance and the total nitrogen con- centration at 715 nm has the largest correlation coefficient (r = - 0.842).Correlation coefficient between derivation spectral and total nitrogen content at 723 nm has the largest correlation coeffi- cient (r = 0.863) and up to a very significant level.For the original spectral reflectance, nitrogen contents and the logarithm model constructed with reflectance at this point is the better one as compared to linear model;For first-order derivative spectra,the linear and non linear model have the similar capacity for the nitrogen estimation.
5 Through a comprehensive analysis and accuracy of testing,the index model were built to SDb as variables to estimate Chla,Chlb,and chla+b of apple leaves, CChla= 0.0538 e~(35.267SDb、CChlb=0.0418 e~(26.89SDb)和CChla+b=0.0815e~(48.924 SDb).Toλr for the construction of arguments by the linear model y = 0.0524λr +34.358 estimate total nitrogen content.Compared with other models, this model is not only feasible,but also estimates more accurately.
引文
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