科研团队信息管理系统数据建模分析与实现
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摘要
在科研领域,科研团队都会面临一系列和信息有关的难题,包括如何有效地管理、使用、共享和保护信息。科研团队信息管理系统的开发,能够减少科研团队信息管理工作中不必要的、繁杂的手工劳动,减轻工作人员的负担,提高工作效率,保证数据的准确性和安全性,有利于实现科研团队信息管理工作的网络化、信息化、规范化。
科研团队信息管理系统的目的是研究信息的集成,维护和使用。它可以及时报告大学的科研活动,因此,它可以提供一些日常的事务处理和管理功能的支持。在进入信息时代之前,信息管理采用的手工的方式。但随着计算机技术的出现和发展,人类社会已经进入信息时代,信息管理的方式发生了很大变化。强大的数据处理能力的计算机和网络通讯技术的现代化,大大提高了信息管理系统的工作效率。在高校中,科研管理人员应明确信息是适合计算机处理或者手动方式管理。为了达到最佳的管理实践,在我们的工作中,我们对这两种方法进行有机结合。因此,为了科研信息管理的规范化和科学化,建立这样一个科研信息管理系统变得至关重要。
本文以某科研团队为背景,对此科研团队日常对科研信息的管理模式进行分析与研究,并建立一个科研信息管理系统。为了达到最佳的管理效果,本文将此科研团队中更适合由计算机处理的数据、信息存入科研信息管理系统内,然后利用计算机与网络的优势,使得这些信息可以更加快捷、方便的被科研团队成员所使用,从而提高科研信息使用的效率。
本文的主要工作包括：
(1)介绍了开发科研团队信息管理系统的背景与意义。
(2)为了对这些信息数据进行更合理、有效的存储,我们使用数据建模的方法对科研信息数据进行建模,对数据建模的定义与数据建模的基本方法做了介绍。
(3)本文对使用的建模工具PowerDesigner做一些介绍,并与其他建模分析工具做了比较。且使用最基本的数据建模方法一实体联系图(Entity Relationship Diagram, ERD)对科研团队的信息数据进行建模。
(4)对科研信息管理系统进行详细的分析与设计,并基于ASP.NET与SQLSERVER2005实现此系统的具体功能,并且对实现过程中的重难点进行了讨论与分析。
(5)对本文的工作做出总结,对此系统的应用前景作出展望,并且提出一些系统可改进之处,为研究分析科研团队内部之间的一些小社团提供系统支持。
In the field of scientific research, the research team will face a series of problems related to information, including how to effectively manage, use, share and protect information. The development of the research team information management system can reduce the unnecessary and complicated work in the management of the research team as well as the burden of staff. This system not only improves working efficiency but also ensures the accuracy and security of the data, which is conducive to make the information management of the research team cyberized, informationized and standardized.
Scientific research team information management system aims to studying the integration, maintenance and usage of research information. It can give timely reports on the scientific research activities of universities, thus it can provide support for dealing with and managing daily routines. Before entering the information era, the management information system is managed in the manual way. However, with the emergence and development of computer technology, human society has entered into the information age and the structure of information management system has changed a lot. The powerful data processing ability of computers and the modernization of the network communication technology greatly improve the efficiency of information management system. In colleges or universities, the scientific research management personnel should figure out correctly the information suitable for computer processing and the information suitable for management in the manual way. In order to achieve the best management practices, in our work we combine these two methods organically and complement each other. Therefore, for the standardization and signification of scientific research information management, it becomes crucially important to build such a scientific research information management system.
This dissertation analyzed and studied the management mode of daily scientific research information of a research team, and then set up a scientific research information management system. In order to achieve the best management effect, we stored those data and information which is suitable for computer processing, and then took advantage of the computer and network to make these information employed by team members more easily and conveniently, so as to improve the employing efficiency of scientific research information.
The main contents of this dissertation are as follows.
(1)The background and significance of developing the information management system of scientific research team was introduced firstly.
(2)In order to make a more rational and efficient storage of these data, we used data modeling approach to research information and data modeling, and the definitions and basic means of data modelings were introduced.
(3) The employment of modeling tool PowerDesigner was briefly introduced, and a comparison with other modeling analysis tools was made. Entity Relationship Diagram(ERD), the most basic data modeling, was employed to model the information and data of the research team.
(4)A detailed analysis and design of information management system of scientific research and information were made. Based on ASP.NET and SQL SERVER2005, the specific functions of this system were achieved. Difficulties in the implementation process were discussed and analyzed.
(5) We summarized the research and made some predications for the application prospect of this system and put forward some indications for further improvement to provide system support for a number of small communities in scientific research teams.
科研团队信息管理系统的目的是研究信息的集成,维护和使用。它可以及时报告大学的科研活动,因此,它可以提供一些日常的事务处理和管理功能的支持。在进入信息时代之前,信息管理采用的手工的方式。但随着计算机技术的出现和发展,人类社会已经进入信息时代,信息管理的方式发生了很大变化。强大的数据处理能力的计算机和网络通讯技术的现代化,大大提高了信息管理系统的工作效率。在高校中,科研管理人员应明确信息是适合计算机处理或者手动方式管理。为了达到最佳的管理实践,在我们的工作中,我们对这两种方法进行有机结合。因此,为了科研信息管理的规范化和科学化,建立这样一个科研信息管理系统变得至关重要。
本文以某科研团队为背景,对此科研团队日常对科研信息的管理模式进行分析与研究,并建立一个科研信息管理系统。为了达到最佳的管理效果,本文将此科研团队中更适合由计算机处理的数据、信息存入科研信息管理系统内,然后利用计算机与网络的优势,使得这些信息可以更加快捷、方便的被科研团队成员所使用,从而提高科研信息使用的效率。
本文的主要工作包括：
(1)介绍了开发科研团队信息管理系统的背景与意义。
(2)为了对这些信息数据进行更合理、有效的存储,我们使用数据建模的方法对科研信息数据进行建模,对数据建模的定义与数据建模的基本方法做了介绍。
(3)本文对使用的建模工具PowerDesigner做一些介绍,并与其他建模分析工具做了比较。且使用最基本的数据建模方法一实体联系图(Entity Relationship Diagram, ERD)对科研团队的信息数据进行建模。
(4)对科研信息管理系统进行详细的分析与设计,并基于ASP.NET与SQLSERVER2005实现此系统的具体功能,并且对实现过程中的重难点进行了讨论与分析。
(5)对本文的工作做出总结,对此系统的应用前景作出展望,并且提出一些系统可改进之处,为研究分析科研团队内部之间的一些小社团提供系统支持。
In the field of scientific research, the research team will face a series of problems related to information, including how to effectively manage, use, share and protect information. The development of the research team information management system can reduce the unnecessary and complicated work in the management of the research team as well as the burden of staff. This system not only improves working efficiency but also ensures the accuracy and security of the data, which is conducive to make the information management of the research team cyberized, informationized and standardized.
Scientific research team information management system aims to studying the integration, maintenance and usage of research information. It can give timely reports on the scientific research activities of universities, thus it can provide support for dealing with and managing daily routines. Before entering the information era, the management information system is managed in the manual way. However, with the emergence and development of computer technology, human society has entered into the information age and the structure of information management system has changed a lot. The powerful data processing ability of computers and the modernization of the network communication technology greatly improve the efficiency of information management system. In colleges or universities, the scientific research management personnel should figure out correctly the information suitable for computer processing and the information suitable for management in the manual way. In order to achieve the best management practices, in our work we combine these two methods organically and complement each other. Therefore, for the standardization and signification of scientific research information management, it becomes crucially important to build such a scientific research information management system.
This dissertation analyzed and studied the management mode of daily scientific research information of a research team, and then set up a scientific research information management system. In order to achieve the best management effect, we stored those data and information which is suitable for computer processing, and then took advantage of the computer and network to make these information employed by team members more easily and conveniently, so as to improve the employing efficiency of scientific research information.
The main contents of this dissertation are as follows.
(1)The background and significance of developing the information management system of scientific research team was introduced firstly.
(2)In order to make a more rational and efficient storage of these data, we used data modeling approach to research information and data modeling, and the definitions and basic means of data modelings were introduced.
(3) The employment of modeling tool PowerDesigner was briefly introduced, and a comparison with other modeling analysis tools was made. Entity Relationship Diagram(ERD), the most basic data modeling, was employed to model the information and data of the research team.
(4)A detailed analysis and design of information management system of scientific research and information were made. Based on ASP.NET and SQL SERVER2005, the specific functions of this system were achieved. Difficulties in the implementation process were discussed and analyzed.
(5) We summarized the research and made some predications for the application prospect of this system and put forward some indications for further improvement to provide system support for a number of small communities in scientific research teams.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年)[EB/OL].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-02/09/content_183787.htm,2006-02-09/ 2013-04-01.
[2]周东升,赵亚萍,程艳旗.基于知识共享的高校科研团队知识管理系统[J].实验技术与管理.2011,28(4)：250-252.
[3]李明.试论高校科研团队的管理与建设[J].中国高教研究,2005,(7)：66-68.
[4]席海峰,李方伟.研究生科研团队的管理[J].科学咨询,2008(11)：47-47.
[5]成玉梁.浅谈高校科研管理工作的内涵及如何做好高校科研管理工作[J].科技创新导报,2008,(13)：242-243.
[6]朱宇.数据建模方法的比较与分析[J].计算机系统应用,2005,7：026.
[7]陈洁.多粒度建模及在燃料分析系统中的应用[D].安徽大学,2006.
[8]Chen P P S. The entity-relationship model—oward a unified view of data[J]. ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS),1976,1(1):9-36.
[9]IDEF1X Data Modeling Method.[EB/OL].http://www.idef.com/IDEF1x.htm,2013.
[10]姜江PowerDesigner数据库系统分析设计与应用[M],电子工业出版社,2004年8月第一版：P7-8.
[11]概念数据模型[EB/OL]. http://blog.csdn.net/minitoy/article/details/6359739,2013.
[12]李建中,高宏.一种数据仓库的多维数据模型[J].软件学报,2000,11(7)：908-917.
[13]Golfarelli M, Rizzi S. Designing the data warehouse:key steps and crucial issues[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Information Management,1999,2(3):13-22.
[14]Tryfona N, Busborg F, Borch Christiansen J G. starER:a conceptual model for data warehouse design[C].Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Data warehousing and OLAP. ACM,1999:3-8.
[15]B.Husemann, J.Lechtenborger, G.Vossen. Conceptual Data Wrarehouse design[C]. Proceedings of the Second Intl. Workshop on Design and Management of Data Warehouses. Stockholm, Sweden:Technical University of Aachen,2000:201-211.
[16]Franconi E, Sattler U. A data warehouse conceptual data model for multidimensional aggregation[C].Proceedings of the Workshop in Design and Management of Data Warehouses. CEUR Workshop Proceedings,1999,19:13-1.
[17]张海藩.软件工程导论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1998.
[18]苗彬.基于.NET资助管理系统的分析与设计[D].山东大学,2009.
[19]WU Dejun. The Design & Implementation of Computer Laboratory Management System Based on Workflow Models [J]. Computer Knowledge & Technology,2011, 7(8):1819—1820.
[20]SQL Server数据库注入与防御[EB/OL]. http://www.etr.com.cn/2011/0407/2292. html,2011-04-07/2013-04-01.
[21]SQL注入攻击[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/983303.htm,2013-03-31/2013-04-01.
[22].NET防SQL注入方法[EB/OL]. http://www.cnblogs.com/hantianwei/archive /2009/07/09/1519722.html,2009-07-09/2013-04-01.
[23]段钢,加密与解密[M].电子工业出版社,2003年6月第一版：P82-88.
[24]李洁.审计理论与实务中级[M].中国经济出版社,2010.6.
[25]胡丽,陈德玲,黄克琼.高校隐性知识共享及其运行模式研究[J].科技进步与对策,2007,24(8)：153-155.
[26]Spender J C, Grant R M. Knowledge and the firm:overview[J]. Strategic management journal,1996,17:5-9.
[27]鲁若愚,陈力.企业知识管理中的分享与整合[J].研究与发展管理,2003,15(1)：16-20.
[28]林东清.知识管理理论与实务[M].电子工业出版社,2005.
[29]谢康,吴清津,肖静华.企业知识分享学习曲线与国家知识优势[J].管理科学学报,2002,5(2)：14-21.
[30]Nonaka I, Takeuchi H. The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation[M]. Oxford University Press, USA, 1995.
[31]Kaser A W,Raymond E.Understanding Konwledge Activists's Successes and Failing[J]. Long Range Planning,2002,35(1):9-28.
[32]李涛,王兵.我国知识工作者组织内知识共享问题的研究[J].南开管理评论,2003,5：16-19.
[33]孟凡生.我国高校科研团队管理问题研究[J].科技管理研究,2007,5：215-216.
[2]周东升,赵亚萍,程艳旗.基于知识共享的高校科研团队知识管理系统[J].实验技术与管理.2011,28(4)：250-252.
[3]李明.试论高校科研团队的管理与建设[J].中国高教研究,2005,(7)：66-68.
[4]席海峰,李方伟.研究生科研团队的管理[J].科学咨询,2008(11)：47-47.
[5]成玉梁.浅谈高校科研管理工作的内涵及如何做好高校科研管理工作[J].科技创新导报,2008,(13)：242-243.
[6]朱宇.数据建模方法的比较与分析[J].计算机系统应用,2005,7：026.
[7]陈洁.多粒度建模及在燃料分析系统中的应用[D].安徽大学,2006.
[8]Chen P P S. The entity-relationship model—oward a unified view of data[J]. ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS),1976,1(1):9-36.
[9]IDEF1X Data Modeling Method.[EB/OL].http://www.idef.com/IDEF1x.htm,2013.
[10]姜江PowerDesigner数据库系统分析设计与应用[M],电子工业出版社,2004年8月第一版：P7-8.
[11]概念数据模型[EB/OL]. http://blog.csdn.net/minitoy/article/details/6359739,2013.
[12]李建中,高宏.一种数据仓库的多维数据模型[J].软件学报,2000,11(7)：908-917.
[13]Golfarelli M, Rizzi S. Designing the data warehouse:key steps and crucial issues[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Information Management,1999,2(3):13-22.
[14]Tryfona N, Busborg F, Borch Christiansen J G. starER:a conceptual model for data warehouse design[C].Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Data warehousing and OLAP. ACM,1999:3-8.
[15]B.Husemann, J.Lechtenborger, G.Vossen. Conceptual Data Wrarehouse design[C]. Proceedings of the Second Intl. Workshop on Design and Management of Data Warehouses. Stockholm, Sweden:Technical University of Aachen,2000:201-211.
[16]Franconi E, Sattler U. A data warehouse conceptual data model for multidimensional aggregation[C].Proceedings of the Workshop in Design and Management of Data Warehouses. CEUR Workshop Proceedings,1999,19:13-1.
[17]张海藩.软件工程导论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1998.
[18]苗彬.基于.NET资助管理系统的分析与设计[D].山东大学,2009.
[19]WU Dejun. The Design & Implementation of Computer Laboratory Management System Based on Workflow Models [J]. Computer Knowledge & Technology,2011, 7(8):1819—1820.
[20]SQL Server数据库注入与防御[EB/OL]. http://www.etr.com.cn/2011/0407/2292. html,2011-04-07/2013-04-01.
[21]SQL注入攻击[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/983303.htm,2013-03-31/2013-04-01.
[22].NET防SQL注入方法[EB/OL]. http://www.cnblogs.com/hantianwei/archive /2009/07/09/1519722.html,2009-07-09/2013-04-01.
[23]段钢,加密与解密[M].电子工业出版社,2003年6月第一版：P82-88.
[24]李洁.审计理论与实务中级[M].中国经济出版社,2010.6.
[25]胡丽,陈德玲,黄克琼.高校隐性知识共享及其运行模式研究[J].科技进步与对策,2007,24(8)：153-155.
[26]Spender J C, Grant R M. Knowledge and the firm:overview[J]. Strategic management journal,1996,17:5-9.
[27]鲁若愚,陈力.企业知识管理中的分享与整合[J].研究与发展管理,2003,15(1)：16-20.
[28]林东清.知识管理理论与实务[M].电子工业出版社,2005.
[29]谢康,吴清津,肖静华.企业知识分享学习曲线与国家知识优势[J].管理科学学报,2002,5(2)：14-21.
[30]Nonaka I, Takeuchi H. The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation[M]. Oxford University Press, USA, 1995.
[31]Kaser A W,Raymond E.Understanding Konwledge Activists's Successes and Failing[J]. Long Range Planning,2002,35(1):9-28.
[32]李涛,王兵.我国知识工作者组织内知识共享问题的研究[J].南开管理评论,2003,5：16-19.
[33]孟凡生.我国高校科研团队管理问题研究[J].科技管理研究,2007,5：215-216.