基于RFID技术的临时限速便携终端的研究与设计
摘要
随着我国铁路线路的不断提速,列车临时限速的安全性已经成为列车控制系统中的一个重要问题。传统的临时限速依靠了司机人工瞭望限速标示牌,这种方式存在比较大的安全隐患,不利于列车的安全运输。由于射频识别技术具有识别速度快,识别距离远,可适应相对恶劣环境等明显优点,因此非常适合应用于列车临时限速系统中。利用电子标签作为限速信息载体,利用车载设备与之通信,以获取限速信息,并进行相关控制,以及利用基于射频识别技术的便携终端进行限速信息的地面维护不失为一种很好的临时限速解决方案。
在采用电子标签作为信息载体的临时限速系统中,由于地面电子标签根据已有的传统限速标示分为多种类型,容易产生混淆,导致限速标签的错误摆放,给行车带来潜在的危害。同时,为满足对已安装电子标签的日常维护,结合实际应用环境,临时限速便携终端成为临时限速系统中必不可少的组成部分之一,并且需要提供一种有效的维护方法。维护工作包括利用便携终端布控,检测,解除和修改限速标签。
本文针对上述问题对所选课题进行了深入研究和探讨。本文的目的是设计一款基于射频识别和嵌入式技术的临时限速便携终端,并进行相关的技术研究。基于该目的,本课题的主要研究内容为:研究临时限速便携终端的工作流程,硬件组成和软件设计;研究临时限速后台系统的设计及其与终端的通信协议;研究基于动态帧时隙ALOHA的防碰撞算法及系统低功耗技术。
With the constant acceleration of railway line, the safety of Temporary Speed Restriction has become a very important issue in train control system. The method which relied on artificial outlook of drivers to reach Temporary Speed Restriction information in traditional way has large potential safety problems, and it is not conducive to safe transport of train. There are many obvious advantages of Radio Frequency Identification technology like high recognition speed, long recognition distance, can be adapted to relatively harsh environment and so on, as a result of this, it is great suitable for the applications of Temporary Speed Restriction. It is a good solution that using RFID tag as information carrier of Temporary Speed Restriction information, using car equipment to communicate with RFID tag, as well as using portable terminal based on RFID technology to maintain RFID tag. Tag is dispatched on the railway, and when it is been past by train, the train automatically read, parsed and do some associate control.
When using RFID tag in a Temporary Speed Restriction system, because of the ground RFID tag has been divided into several types according to the tradition of the speed limit, this may lead to confusion, Speed Restriction tag misplaced, and bring traffic Potential hazards. At the same time, in order to meet the daily maintenance of installed electronic tags, combined with the practical application environment, a portable, energy-efficient terminal become one necessary part of Temporary Speed System. And we need some maintenance methods. The maintenance work include dispatch, detect, remove and modify RFID tags.
Based on those problems mentioned above, we have researched this topic deeply, in expectation of providing supplementation of technique on Temporary Speed Restriction and promoting the application of RFID techonology. The purpose of this paper is to design a Temporary Speed Restriction Portable Terminal Based on RFID and Embedded Technology. For this reason, this paper has concentrated on the following topics: research and design workflow, hardware and software of Portable Terminal; research Temporary Speed Restriction Background system and its communication protocol with Terminal; research the anti-collision algorithm simulation based on the dynamic framed slot ALOHA algorithm; research the low power technology.
在采用电子标签作为信息载体的临时限速系统中,由于地面电子标签根据已有的传统限速标示分为多种类型,容易产生混淆,导致限速标签的错误摆放,给行车带来潜在的危害。同时,为满足对已安装电子标签的日常维护,结合实际应用环境,临时限速便携终端成为临时限速系统中必不可少的组成部分之一,并且需要提供一种有效的维护方法。维护工作包括利用便携终端布控,检测,解除和修改限速标签。
本文针对上述问题对所选课题进行了深入研究和探讨。本文的目的是设计一款基于射频识别和嵌入式技术的临时限速便携终端,并进行相关的技术研究。基于该目的,本课题的主要研究内容为:研究临时限速便携终端的工作流程,硬件组成和软件设计;研究临时限速后台系统的设计及其与终端的通信协议;研究基于动态帧时隙ALOHA的防碰撞算法及系统低功耗技术。
With the constant acceleration of railway line, the safety of Temporary Speed Restriction has become a very important issue in train control system. The method which relied on artificial outlook of drivers to reach Temporary Speed Restriction information in traditional way has large potential safety problems, and it is not conducive to safe transport of train. There are many obvious advantages of Radio Frequency Identification technology like high recognition speed, long recognition distance, can be adapted to relatively harsh environment and so on, as a result of this, it is great suitable for the applications of Temporary Speed Restriction. It is a good solution that using RFID tag as information carrier of Temporary Speed Restriction information, using car equipment to communicate with RFID tag, as well as using portable terminal based on RFID technology to maintain RFID tag. Tag is dispatched on the railway, and when it is been past by train, the train automatically read, parsed and do some associate control.
When using RFID tag in a Temporary Speed Restriction system, because of the ground RFID tag has been divided into several types according to the tradition of the speed limit, this may lead to confusion, Speed Restriction tag misplaced, and bring traffic Potential hazards. At the same time, in order to meet the daily maintenance of installed electronic tags, combined with the practical application environment, a portable, energy-efficient terminal become one necessary part of Temporary Speed System. And we need some maintenance methods. The maintenance work include dispatch, detect, remove and modify RFID tags.
Based on those problems mentioned above, we have researched this topic deeply, in expectation of providing supplementation of technique on Temporary Speed Restriction and promoting the application of RFID techonology. The purpose of this paper is to design a Temporary Speed Restriction Portable Terminal Based on RFID and Embedded Technology. For this reason, this paper has concentrated on the following topics: research and design workflow, hardware and software of Portable Terminal; research Temporary Speed Restriction Background system and its communication protocol with Terminal; research the anti-collision algorithm simulation based on the dynamic framed slot ALOHA algorithm; research the low power technology.
引文
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[39]倪继利. Qt及Linux操作系统窗口设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2006
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[45] Shin Woo Jin, Kim Jeong Geun. A Capture-Aware Access Control Method for Enhanced RFID Anti-collision Performance[J]. 2009, vol. 13, pp: 354-356
[46] Eom Jun-Bong, Lee Tae-Jin, Ronald Rietman, et al. An Efficient Framed-Slotted ALOHA Algorithm with Pilot Frame and Binary Selection for Anti-Collision of RFID Tags[J]. 2008, vol. 12, pp: 861-863
[47] Park Jongho, Chung Min Young, Lee Tae-Jin. Identification of RFID Tags in Framed-Slotted ALOHA with Robust Estimation and Binary Selection[J]. 2007, vol. 11, pp: 452-454
[2]周建政,杨玲燕.基于RFID的列路运输跟踪系统[J].电气时代, 2008, 1: 34
[3]郎为民.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006
[4]王皓.临时限速联控系统的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2009
[5]郭平,祁新.列车临时限速控制技术的研究[J].铁道通信信号, 2009, 9: 45
[6]邹少文.列控系统临时限速设计方案探讨[J].铁道工程学报, 2008, 2: 3
[7] http://www.eefocus.com/article/08-09/7634726020953dPcM.html. [EB/OL].
[8] http://tech.rfidworld.com.cn/2011_01/fd2171b4a2026a55.html. [EB/OL].
[9] http://tech.yktworld.com/201007/201007072102297665.html. [EB/OL].
[10] S3C2410X 32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR USER’S MANUAL Revision 1.2[J]. Samsung Semiconductor, 2003
[11] K9F1208U0M-YCB0 FLASH MEMORY Revision 04[J]. Samsung Semiconductor, 2001
[12] K4S561632C CMOS SDRAM Revision 0.4[J]. 2001
[13] TC35i Hardware Interface Description Version 01.03[J]. April 14. SIEMENS. 2003
[14] MSP430x22x2, MSP430x22x4 MIXED SIGNAL MICROCONTROLLER. Texas Instruments, 2007
[15] CC2500 Single Chip Low Cost Low Power RF Transceiver [J]. Texas Instruments. 2006
[16]彭友斌,邓毅华. 2.45G RFID阅读器的设计与实现[J].微计算机信息, 2008, 24(7-2): 244-246
[17] CS8900A Crystal LAN ISA Ethernet Controller Product Datasheet [J]. Cirrus Logic
[18] MAX1551/MAX1555 SOT23 Dual-Input USB/AC Adapter 1-Cell Li+Battery Chargers. Maxim Integrated Products
[19] http://blogold.chinaunix.net/u3/117239/showart_2281618.html.基于优龙FS2410开发板u-boot-1.1.6的移植[EB/OL].
[20]韦东山. S3C2410完全开发流程[EB/OL]. http://www.chinaunix.net/jh/4/1019424.html
[21] Qt [EB/OL]. http://doc.trolltech.com/
[22] Sqlite [EB/OL]. http://www.sqlite.com.cn/
[23]郭红霞.基于GSM模块TC35i的收发短信的无线终端的设计[D].南充:西南石油学院, 2004
[24] TC35i AT Command Set Version03.01 [J].September 9. SIEMENS. 2005
[25]苗忠良,宛斌. Qtopia编程之道[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2008
[26] Boa Web server [EB/OL]. http://www.boa.org/
[27]刘伟,李小斌,罗明. CGI技术全面接触[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2001
[28] Qt Creator [EB/OL]. http://qt.nokia.com/
[29] Blanchette Jasmin, Summerfield Mark. C++ GUI Programming with Qt4 [M]. Second Edition. Canada: Prentice Hall, 2008
[30] ISO18000-4[S]. ISO office. 2004, 8
[31]沈宇超,沈树群,王海波,等.射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法设计[J].电子科学学刊, 1999, 21(5): 702-705
[32]邓晓,何怡刚,向阳,等.一种新的RFID标签数目估算方法[J].计算机工程与应用, 2008, 44(31): 142-144.
[33] J. Cha and J. Kim, Novel anti-collision algorithms for fast object identification in RFID system [J]. Proc. Parallel and Distributed System, 2005, vol. 2, pp: 63-67
[34]邓晓,何怡刚,陈洪云,等.帧时隙ALOHA反碰撞算法仿真及数据分析[J].汕头大学学报, 2008, 23(3): 58-62
[35]程文青,赵梦欣,徐晶.改进的RFID动态帧时隙ALOHA算法[J].华中科技大学学报, 2007, 35(6): 14-16
[36]郭宏博,赵玉萍.一种新的导数可靠度的RFID标签数目估计[J].北京大学学报, 2008, 44(5): 721-726
[37]伍卫国,钱德沛.电子系统设计的低功耗技术[J].计算机工程, 1999, 25(12): 46-48
[38]薛万树.基于Linux2.6嵌入式手持终端低功耗设计[M].天津大学, 2008
[39]倪继利. Qt及Linux操作系统窗口设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2006
[40]蔡志明,卢传富,李立夏.精通Qt4编程[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2008
[41]陈莉君.深入理解Linux内核[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2002
[42] D.-F. Tseng, Z.-C. Lin. Anti-collision algorithm with the aid of interference cancellation and tag set partitioning in radio-frequency identification systems [J]. IET Commun., 2009, vol. 3, pp: 143-150
[43] Lai Yuan-Cheng, Lin Chih-Chung. Two Blocking Algorithms on Adaptive Binary Splitting: Single and pair Resolutions for RFID Tag Identification [J]. 2009, vol. 17, pp: 962-975
[44] Cha Jae-Ryong, Kim Jae-Hyum. Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA Algorithms using Fast Tag Estimation Method for RFID System[J]. 2006, vol. 2, pp: 768-772
[45] Shin Woo Jin, Kim Jeong Geun. A Capture-Aware Access Control Method for Enhanced RFID Anti-collision Performance[J]. 2009, vol. 13, pp: 354-356
[46] Eom Jun-Bong, Lee Tae-Jin, Ronald Rietman, et al. An Efficient Framed-Slotted ALOHA Algorithm with Pilot Frame and Binary Selection for Anti-Collision of RFID Tags[J]. 2008, vol. 12, pp: 861-863
[47] Park Jongho, Chung Min Young, Lee Tae-Jin. Identification of RFID Tags in Framed-Slotted ALOHA with Robust Estimation and Binary Selection[J]. 2007, vol. 11, pp: 452-454