世界锦织蛾属分类修订（鳞翅目：织蛾科）
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摘要
本文对世界锦织蛾属进行了分类修订,共记录261种,包括102新种。
新种包括(包括已发表的28种)：叉突锦织蛾P. bifurciprocessa Du et Wang,2013,凸锦织蛾P.convexa Du et Wang,2013,乳突锦织蛾P. papillata Du et Wang,2013,方锦织蛾P. quadratitabularis Du et Wang,2013,蝎尾锦织蛾P. scorpioidea Du et Wang,2013,拟凸锦织蛾P. similiconvexa Du et Wang,2013,凤阳锦织蛾P. fengyangensis Wang,2009,文莱锦织蛾P.bruneiensis sp. nov.,海南锦织蛾P.hainanensis Du, Li et Wang,2011,槽锦织蛾P. alveiformis sp. nov.,端齿锦织蛾P. apicidentata Wang,2009,锥刺锦织蛾P. conicispinalis sp. nov.,椭圆锦织蛾P. ellipsoidea sp. nov.,鞭锦织蛾P. flagellarissp.nov.,阔爪锦织蛾P. latiuncata sp. nov.,栉锦织蛾P. pectinifera sp. nov.,牛角锦织蛾P. tauricornis Du, Li et Wang,2011,叠锦织蛾P.superimposita sp. nov.,纵脊锦织蛾P. carinata Du, Li et Wang,2011,背突锦织蛾P. dorsoprojecta Wang,2009,端毛锦织蛾P. apicisetifera Du, Li et Wang,2011,小突锦织蛾P. exiliprocessa sp. nov.,簇毛锦织蛾P. fascisetacea sp. nov.,丛刺锦织蛾P. fascispinata Du, Li et Wang,2011,强茎锦织蛾P. fortijuxtalis sp. nov.,矛锦织蛾P. lancea sp. nov.,瘤突锦织蛾P.strumifera Du et Wang,2013,波锦织蛾P. undulata sp. nov.,狭锦织蛾P. angusta sp. nov.,簇刺锦织蛾P. lophacantha sp. nov.,背刺锦织蛾P. spinosicostalis sp. nov.,截锦织蛾P. truncatiapicalis sp. nov.,棒锦织蛾P. clarata Du, Li et Wang,2011,新月锦织蛾P. lunularis Du, Li et Wang,2011,喙锦织蛾P.rostriformis Du, Li et Wang,2011,柳形锦织蛾P. saligna Du&Wang,2012,蜿锦织蛾P. sinualis sp. nov.,拟棒锦织蛾P. subclavata sp. nov.,端凹锦织蛾P. apiciconcava Wang,2009,隆锦织蛾P.extumida sp. nov.,中刺锦织蛾P. medispinata sp. nov.,叉叶锦织蛾P. palmifolia sp. nov.,扇锦织蛾P.sectoralis sp. nov.,半卵锦织蛾P. semiovata sp. nov.,刺角锦织蛾P. spinosicornuta Du et Wang,2013,强锦织蛾P. strena sp. nov.,长囊锦织蛾P. longisaccata sp. nov.,仿丽头锦织蛾P. subcolacephala Du et Wang,2011,四叶锦织蛾P. quadriloba Du et Wang,2013,折锦织蛾P. vulvida sp. nov.,小孔锦织蛾P.foraminulata sp. nov.,侧白锦织蛾P. albilateralis sp. nov.,端圆锦织蛾P. apicicircularis sp. nov.,短囊锦织蛾P. brevisaccata sp. nov.,膨锦织蛾P. dilatata sp. nov.,黄头锦织蛾P. flavicapitata sp. nov.,阔叶锦织蛾P. latiloba sp.nov.,掌锦织蛾P. palmata Du et Wang,2011,枝刺锦织蛾P. ramispinea Du et Wang,2013,蛇头锦织蛾P. serpenticapitata Du et Wang,2013,锯齿锦织蛾P. serrata Du, Li et Wang,2011,钩刺锦织蛾P. uncinispinea Du et Wang,2013,聚锦织蛾P. aggregata sp. nov.,党川锦织蛾P.dangchuanensis sp. nov.,类乳突锦织蛾P. paripapillata sp. nov.,白缘锦织蛾P. albimarginalis sp. nov.,白足锦织蛾P. albipedalis sp. nov.,蓝光锦织蛾P. lucida sp. nov.,刺带锦织蛾P. spinifasciaria sp. nov.,铃形锦织蛾P. campanulata sp. nov.,弓锦织蛾P. arciformis sp. nov.,婆罗锦织蛾P. bornensis sp. nov.,筛锦织蛾P. cribrata sp. nov.,菱锦织蛾P. oliviformis sp. nov.,弯带锦织蛾P. curvitaeniata sp. nov.,春蓬锦织蛾P. chumphonensis sp. nov.,利锦织蛾P. Ivovskyi sp. nov.,剑锦织蛾P. gladiata sp. nov.,分叶锦织蛾P. lobulata sp. nov.,叶突锦织蛾P. foliiprocessa sp. nov.,无颚锦织蛾P. egnatha sp. nov.,翼锦织蛾P. aliformis sp. nov.,双角锦织蛾P. bicornuta sp. nov.,短唇锦织蛾P. brevilabris sp. nov.,灰头锦织蛾P. ravidicapitata sp. nov.,刺颚锦织蛾P. spinulosignatha sp. nov.,枝锦织蛾P. ramivalvata sp.nov.,白栉锦织蛾P. albipectinalis sp. nov.,黄带锦织蛾P. flavidilineata sp.nov.,叶瓣锦织蛾P.folivalvaris sp. nov.,朦锦织蛾P. indistincta sp. nov.,盘锦织蛾P. voluta sp. nov.,小尖锦织蛾P.apiculifera sp. nov.,针锦织蛾P. aculeiformis sp.nov.,银环锦织蛾P. argentanularis sp. nov.,弯刺锦织蛾P. curvispinosa sp. nov.,背齿锦织蛾P. serraticostalis sp. nov.,鳞锦织蛾P. squamacea sp. nov.,无刺锦织蛾P. espinata sp. nov.,三斑锦织蛾P. trimaculata sp. nov.,中斑锦织蛾P. medimacularis sp. nov.,细弧锦织蛾P. subtilis sp. nov.
记述9个中国新纪录种(6种已发表)：西锦织蛾P. sinevi Lvovsky,1986,斯锦织蛾P. svetlanae Lvovsky,1985,斑翅锦织蛾P. vittapenna Kim et Park,2010,迪锦织蛾P. dierli Lvovsky,2000,三岛锦织蛾P. tamdaoella Lvovsky,1988,直带锦织蛾P. rectifascia Kim et Park,2010,双圆锦织蛾P. diorbis Kim et Park,2012,多点锦织蛾P. multimaculella Lvovsky,2000,强背锦织蛾P. forticosta Kim et Park,2012;3个马来西亚新纪录种：短背锦织蛾P. diehli Lvovsky,2000,花锦织蛾P. similiflora Wang,2006和散锦织蛾P. nabokovi Lvovsky,2000;1个文莱新纪录种：端斑锦织蛾P. mentawirella Lvovsky,2000；1个泰国新纪录种：拟点线锦织蛾P. parasuzukiella Wang,2006。
首次描述亮锦织蛾P. callimetalla Meyrick,1908,弯瓣锦织蛾P. isopselia (Meyrick,1906),灰带锦织蛾P. dimolybda Meyrick,1935(已发表)和花瓣锦织蛾P. parazeucta Meyrick,1908的雄性个体；首次描述黄锦织蛾P. flavescens Wang, Zheng et Li,1997(已发表)、四线锦织蛾P. quadrilineata Wang, Zheng et Li,1997,仿丽头锦织蛾P. subcolacephala Du et Wang,2011、宽颚锦织蛾P. dilatignatha Wang et Li,2004,拟饰带锦织蛾P. similinfulata Wang, Kendrick et Sterling,2009,深带锦织蛾P. bathroclina Meyrick,1918,内乡锦织蛾P. neixiangensis Wang,2007,龙潭锦织蛾P. lungtanella Lvovsky,2000和瑞丽锦织蛾P. ruiliensis Wang,2006的雌性个体。
提出了3项异名关系：三岛锦织蛾Promalactis tamdaoella Lvovsky,1988(=P. griselocula Kim et Park,2010)(已发表)：白点锦织蛾P. punctuata Park et Park,1998(=P. akaganea Fujisawa,2002, syn, nov.);长爪锦织蛾P. longiuncata Wang, Kendric et Sterling,2009(=P. albipars Kim et Park,2012, syn. nov.)
提出1个新组合：黑带锦织蛾Promalactis procerella (Denis et Schiffermuller,1775) comb, nov.,并将原先属于锦织蛾属的Epicallima subsuzukiella (Lvovsky,1985)和Epicallima nadezhdae (Lvovsky,1985)重新归入锦织蛾属。
通过对锦织蛾属成虫外形及外生殖器特征的观察分析,首次尝试依据前翅斑纹将锦织蛾属划分成了13个种团,编制了分种团及分种检索表。
结合各种类的分布信息制作了锦织蛾属的世界分布地图,对其分布的海拔和经纬度的范围及各国家和地区的物种丰富度进行了分析,并提供了各种团的物种分布图。另外提供了翅脉、雄性外生殖器和雌性外生殖器图。
本项研究用到的所有标本,包括模式标本除特别指出的外,均保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。
The taxonomic revision of the genus Promalactis Meyrick is carried out on a worldwide basis. A total of261species are recorded, including102new species.
The new species are as follows (including28published species):P. bifurciprocessa Du et Wang,2013, P. convexa Du et Wang,2013, P. papillata Du et Wang,2013, P. quadratitabularis Du et Wang,2013, P. scorpioidea Du et Wang,2013, P. similiconvexa Du et Wang,2013, P. bruneiensis sp. nov., P. hainanensis Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. alveiformis sp. nov., P. conicispinalis sp. nov., P. ellipsoidea sp. nov., P. flagellaris sp. nov., P. latiuncata sp. nov., P. pectinifera sp. nov., P. tauricornis Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. superimposita sp. nov., P. carinata Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. apicisetifera Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. exiliprocessa sp. nov., P. fascisetacea sp. nov., P. fascispinata Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. fortijuxtalis sp. nov., P. lancea sp. nov., P. strumifera Du et Wang,2013, P. undulata sp. nov., P. angusta sp. nov, P. lophacantha sp. nov., P. spinosicostalis sp. nov, P. truncatiapicalis sp. nov., P. clavata Du, Li et Wang,2011,P. lunularis Du, Li et Wang,2011,P. rostriformis Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. saligna Du et Wang,2012, P. sinualis sp. nov., P. subclavata sp. nov., P. extumida sp. nov., P. medispinata sp. nov., P. palmifolia sp. nov., P. sectoralis sp. nov., P. maculithoracalis sp. nov, P. spinosicornuta Du et Wang,2013, P. strena sp. nov, P. longisaccata sp. nov., P. subcolacephala Du et Wang,2011, P. quadriloba Du et Wang,2013, P. vulvida sp. nov., P. foraminulata sp. nov, P. albilateralis sp. nov, P. apicicircularis sp. nov, P. brevisaccata sp. nov., P. dilatata sp. nov., P. flavicapitata sp. nov., P. latiloba sp. nov, P. palmata Du et Wang,2011, P. ramispinea Du et Wang,2013, P. serpenticapitata Du et Wang,2013, P. serrata Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. uncinispinea Du et Wang,2013, P. aggregata sp. nov., P. dangchuanensis sp. nov, P. paripapillata sp. nov, P. albimarginalis sp. nov, P. albipedalis sp. nov, P. lucida sp. nov, P. auremacularis sp. nov, P. spinifosciaria sp. nov, P. campanulata sp. nov., P. foliuncata sp. nov., P. persicina sp. nov., P. circimacularis sp. nov., P. curviprocessa sp. nov., P. spinivalvaris sp. nov, P. digituncata sp. nov, P. arciformis sp. nov, P. bornensis sp. nov.,P. cribrata sp. nov, P. oliviformis sp. nov, P. curvitaeniata sp. nov, P. chumphonensis sp. nov.,P. Ivovskyi sp. nov,P. gladiata sp. nov., P. lobulata sp. nov, P. scalpelliformis sp. nov., P. triloba sp. nov., P. bigeminata sp. nov.,P. derecta sp. nov., P. debilis sp. nov.,P. pileata sp. nov.,P. foliiprocessa sp. nov.,P. extumida sp. nov.,P. aliformis sp. nov.,P. bicornuta sp. nov.,P. brevilabris sp. nov.,P. ravidicapitata sp. nov.,P. spinulosignatha sp. nov., P. ramivalvata sp. nov.,P. albipectinalis sp. nov.,P. flavidilineata sp. nov., P. folivalvaris sp. nov.,P. indistincta sp. nov., P. voluta sp. nov., P. apiculifera sp. nov.,P. aculeiformis sp. nov., P. argentanularis sp. nov., P. curvispinosa sp. nov., P. serraticostalis sp. nov.,P. squamacea sp. nov., P. espinata sp. nov., P. trimaculata sp. nov., P. medimacularis sp. nov., P. subtilis sp. nov.
Nine species are newly recorded for China (including six published species):P. sinevi Lvovsky,1986, P. svetlanae Lvovsky,1985, P. vittapenna Kim et Park,2010, P. dierli Lvovsky,2000, P. tamdaoella Lvovsky,1988, P. rectifascia Kim et Park,2010, P. diorbis Kim et Park,2012, P. multimaculella Lvovsky,2000and P. forticosta Kim et Park,2012; three species are newly recorded for Malaysia:P. diehli Lvovsky,2000, P. similiflora Wang,2006and P. nabokovi Lvovsky,2000; P. mentawirella Lvovsky,2000are newly recorded for Brunei; P. parasuzukiella Wang,2006are newly recorded for Thailand.
The males of P. callimetalla Meyrick,1908, P. isopselia (Meyrick,1906), P. dimolybda Meyrick,1935(published) and P. parazeucta Meyrick,1908are firstly described; the females of P. bathroclina Meyrick,1918, P. dilatignatha Wang et Li,2004, P. flavescens Wang, Zheng et Li,1997(published), P. lungtanella Lvovsky,2000, P. neixiangensis Wang,2007, P. quadrilineata Wang, Zheng et Li,1997, P. ruiliensis Wang,2006, P. similinfulata Wang, Kendrick et Sterling,2009and P. subcolacephala Du et Wang,2011are described for the first time.
Three new synonymies are established:Promalactis tamdaoella Lvovsky,1988(=P. griselocula Kim et Park,2010)(published), P. punctuata Park et Park,1998(=P. akaganea Fujisawa,2002, syn. nov.), P. longiuncata Wang, Kendric et Sterling,2009(=P. albipars Kim et Park,2012, syn. nov.); one new combination is proposed:P. procerella (Denis et Schiffermuller,1775), comb. nov. Epicallima subsuzukiella (Lvovsky,1985) and E. nadezhdae (Lvovsky,1985) are transfered back to Promalactis.
Promalactis species are divided into13species-groups for the first time based on the adult external characters. Keys to species-groups and species of each group are given.
A distribution map of Promalactis on a worldwide basis is provided, with analyses of its distribution data of altitude, and latitude and longitude, as well as the species richness in each country and region. The distribution map of each species-group is also given. Photographs of venations, male and female genitalia are included.
All the studied specimens, except stated otherwise, are deposited in the Insect Collection, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
新种包括(包括已发表的28种)：叉突锦织蛾P. bifurciprocessa Du et Wang,2013,凸锦织蛾P.convexa Du et Wang,2013,乳突锦织蛾P. papillata Du et Wang,2013,方锦织蛾P. quadratitabularis Du et Wang,2013,蝎尾锦织蛾P. scorpioidea Du et Wang,2013,拟凸锦织蛾P. similiconvexa Du et Wang,2013,凤阳锦织蛾P. fengyangensis Wang,2009,文莱锦织蛾P.bruneiensis sp. nov.,海南锦织蛾P.hainanensis Du, Li et Wang,2011,槽锦织蛾P. alveiformis sp. nov.,端齿锦织蛾P. apicidentata Wang,2009,锥刺锦织蛾P. conicispinalis sp. nov.,椭圆锦织蛾P. ellipsoidea sp. nov.,鞭锦织蛾P. flagellarissp.nov.,阔爪锦织蛾P. latiuncata sp. nov.,栉锦织蛾P. pectinifera sp. nov.,牛角锦织蛾P. tauricornis Du, Li et Wang,2011,叠锦织蛾P.superimposita sp. nov.,纵脊锦织蛾P. carinata Du, Li et Wang,2011,背突锦织蛾P. dorsoprojecta Wang,2009,端毛锦织蛾P. apicisetifera Du, Li et Wang,2011,小突锦织蛾P. exiliprocessa sp. nov.,簇毛锦织蛾P. fascisetacea sp. nov.,丛刺锦织蛾P. fascispinata Du, Li et Wang,2011,强茎锦织蛾P. fortijuxtalis sp. nov.,矛锦织蛾P. lancea sp. nov.,瘤突锦织蛾P.strumifera Du et Wang,2013,波锦织蛾P. undulata sp. nov.,狭锦织蛾P. angusta sp. nov.,簇刺锦织蛾P. lophacantha sp. nov.,背刺锦织蛾P. spinosicostalis sp. nov.,截锦织蛾P. truncatiapicalis sp. nov.,棒锦织蛾P. clarata Du, Li et Wang,2011,新月锦织蛾P. lunularis Du, Li et Wang,2011,喙锦织蛾P.rostriformis Du, Li et Wang,2011,柳形锦织蛾P. saligna Du&Wang,2012,蜿锦织蛾P. sinualis sp. nov.,拟棒锦织蛾P. subclavata sp. nov.,端凹锦织蛾P. apiciconcava Wang,2009,隆锦织蛾P.extumida sp. nov.,中刺锦织蛾P. medispinata sp. nov.,叉叶锦织蛾P. palmifolia sp. nov.,扇锦织蛾P.sectoralis sp. nov.,半卵锦织蛾P. semiovata sp. nov.,刺角锦织蛾P. spinosicornuta Du et Wang,2013,强锦织蛾P. strena sp. nov.,长囊锦织蛾P. longisaccata sp. nov.,仿丽头锦织蛾P. subcolacephala Du et Wang,2011,四叶锦织蛾P. quadriloba Du et Wang,2013,折锦织蛾P. vulvida sp. nov.,小孔锦织蛾P.foraminulata sp. nov.,侧白锦织蛾P. albilateralis sp. nov.,端圆锦织蛾P. apicicircularis sp. nov.,短囊锦织蛾P. brevisaccata sp. nov.,膨锦织蛾P. dilatata sp. nov.,黄头锦织蛾P. flavicapitata sp. nov.,阔叶锦织蛾P. latiloba sp.nov.,掌锦织蛾P. palmata Du et Wang,2011,枝刺锦织蛾P. ramispinea Du et Wang,2013,蛇头锦织蛾P. serpenticapitata Du et Wang,2013,锯齿锦织蛾P. serrata Du, Li et Wang,2011,钩刺锦织蛾P. uncinispinea Du et Wang,2013,聚锦织蛾P. aggregata sp. nov.,党川锦织蛾P.dangchuanensis sp. nov.,类乳突锦织蛾P. paripapillata sp. nov.,白缘锦织蛾P. albimarginalis sp. nov.,白足锦织蛾P. albipedalis sp. nov.,蓝光锦织蛾P. lucida sp. nov.,刺带锦织蛾P. spinifasciaria sp. nov.,铃形锦织蛾P. campanulata sp. nov.,弓锦织蛾P. arciformis sp. nov.,婆罗锦织蛾P. bornensis sp. nov.,筛锦织蛾P. cribrata sp. nov.,菱锦织蛾P. oliviformis sp. nov.,弯带锦织蛾P. curvitaeniata sp. nov.,春蓬锦织蛾P. chumphonensis sp. nov.,利锦织蛾P. Ivovskyi sp. nov.,剑锦织蛾P. gladiata sp. nov.,分叶锦织蛾P. lobulata sp. nov.,叶突锦织蛾P. foliiprocessa sp. nov.,无颚锦织蛾P. egnatha sp. nov.,翼锦织蛾P. aliformis sp. nov.,双角锦织蛾P. bicornuta sp. nov.,短唇锦织蛾P. brevilabris sp. nov.,灰头锦织蛾P. ravidicapitata sp. nov.,刺颚锦织蛾P. spinulosignatha sp. nov.,枝锦织蛾P. ramivalvata sp.nov.,白栉锦织蛾P. albipectinalis sp. nov.,黄带锦织蛾P. flavidilineata sp.nov.,叶瓣锦织蛾P.folivalvaris sp. nov.,朦锦织蛾P. indistincta sp. nov.,盘锦织蛾P. voluta sp. nov.,小尖锦织蛾P.apiculifera sp. nov.,针锦织蛾P. aculeiformis sp.nov.,银环锦织蛾P. argentanularis sp. nov.,弯刺锦织蛾P. curvispinosa sp. nov.,背齿锦织蛾P. serraticostalis sp. nov.,鳞锦织蛾P. squamacea sp. nov.,无刺锦织蛾P. espinata sp. nov.,三斑锦织蛾P. trimaculata sp. nov.,中斑锦织蛾P. medimacularis sp. nov.,细弧锦织蛾P. subtilis sp. nov.
记述9个中国新纪录种(6种已发表)：西锦织蛾P. sinevi Lvovsky,1986,斯锦织蛾P. svetlanae Lvovsky,1985,斑翅锦织蛾P. vittapenna Kim et Park,2010,迪锦织蛾P. dierli Lvovsky,2000,三岛锦织蛾P. tamdaoella Lvovsky,1988,直带锦织蛾P. rectifascia Kim et Park,2010,双圆锦织蛾P. diorbis Kim et Park,2012,多点锦织蛾P. multimaculella Lvovsky,2000,强背锦织蛾P. forticosta Kim et Park,2012;3个马来西亚新纪录种：短背锦织蛾P. diehli Lvovsky,2000,花锦织蛾P. similiflora Wang,2006和散锦织蛾P. nabokovi Lvovsky,2000;1个文莱新纪录种：端斑锦织蛾P. mentawirella Lvovsky,2000；1个泰国新纪录种：拟点线锦织蛾P. parasuzukiella Wang,2006。
首次描述亮锦织蛾P. callimetalla Meyrick,1908,弯瓣锦织蛾P. isopselia (Meyrick,1906),灰带锦织蛾P. dimolybda Meyrick,1935(已发表)和花瓣锦织蛾P. parazeucta Meyrick,1908的雄性个体；首次描述黄锦织蛾P. flavescens Wang, Zheng et Li,1997(已发表)、四线锦织蛾P. quadrilineata Wang, Zheng et Li,1997,仿丽头锦织蛾P. subcolacephala Du et Wang,2011、宽颚锦织蛾P. dilatignatha Wang et Li,2004,拟饰带锦织蛾P. similinfulata Wang, Kendrick et Sterling,2009,深带锦织蛾P. bathroclina Meyrick,1918,内乡锦织蛾P. neixiangensis Wang,2007,龙潭锦织蛾P. lungtanella Lvovsky,2000和瑞丽锦织蛾P. ruiliensis Wang,2006的雌性个体。
提出了3项异名关系：三岛锦织蛾Promalactis tamdaoella Lvovsky,1988(=P. griselocula Kim et Park,2010)(已发表)：白点锦织蛾P. punctuata Park et Park,1998(=P. akaganea Fujisawa,2002, syn, nov.);长爪锦织蛾P. longiuncata Wang, Kendric et Sterling,2009(=P. albipars Kim et Park,2012, syn. nov.)
提出1个新组合：黑带锦织蛾Promalactis procerella (Denis et Schiffermuller,1775) comb, nov.,并将原先属于锦织蛾属的Epicallima subsuzukiella (Lvovsky,1985)和Epicallima nadezhdae (Lvovsky,1985)重新归入锦织蛾属。
通过对锦织蛾属成虫外形及外生殖器特征的观察分析,首次尝试依据前翅斑纹将锦织蛾属划分成了13个种团,编制了分种团及分种检索表。
结合各种类的分布信息制作了锦织蛾属的世界分布地图,对其分布的海拔和经纬度的范围及各国家和地区的物种丰富度进行了分析,并提供了各种团的物种分布图。另外提供了翅脉、雄性外生殖器和雌性外生殖器图。
本项研究用到的所有标本,包括模式标本除特别指出的外,均保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。
The taxonomic revision of the genus Promalactis Meyrick is carried out on a worldwide basis. A total of261species are recorded, including102new species.
The new species are as follows (including28published species):P. bifurciprocessa Du et Wang,2013, P. convexa Du et Wang,2013, P. papillata Du et Wang,2013, P. quadratitabularis Du et Wang,2013, P. scorpioidea Du et Wang,2013, P. similiconvexa Du et Wang,2013, P. bruneiensis sp. nov., P. hainanensis Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. alveiformis sp. nov., P. conicispinalis sp. nov., P. ellipsoidea sp. nov., P. flagellaris sp. nov., P. latiuncata sp. nov., P. pectinifera sp. nov., P. tauricornis Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. superimposita sp. nov., P. carinata Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. apicisetifera Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. exiliprocessa sp. nov., P. fascisetacea sp. nov., P. fascispinata Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. fortijuxtalis sp. nov., P. lancea sp. nov., P. strumifera Du et Wang,2013, P. undulata sp. nov., P. angusta sp. nov, P. lophacantha sp. nov., P. spinosicostalis sp. nov, P. truncatiapicalis sp. nov., P. clavata Du, Li et Wang,2011,P. lunularis Du, Li et Wang,2011,P. rostriformis Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. saligna Du et Wang,2012, P. sinualis sp. nov., P. subclavata sp. nov., P. extumida sp. nov., P. medispinata sp. nov., P. palmifolia sp. nov., P. sectoralis sp. nov., P. maculithoracalis sp. nov, P. spinosicornuta Du et Wang,2013, P. strena sp. nov, P. longisaccata sp. nov., P. subcolacephala Du et Wang,2011, P. quadriloba Du et Wang,2013, P. vulvida sp. nov., P. foraminulata sp. nov, P. albilateralis sp. nov, P. apicicircularis sp. nov, P. brevisaccata sp. nov., P. dilatata sp. nov., P. flavicapitata sp. nov., P. latiloba sp. nov, P. palmata Du et Wang,2011, P. ramispinea Du et Wang,2013, P. serpenticapitata Du et Wang,2013, P. serrata Du, Li et Wang,2011, P. uncinispinea Du et Wang,2013, P. aggregata sp. nov., P. dangchuanensis sp. nov, P. paripapillata sp. nov, P. albimarginalis sp. nov, P. albipedalis sp. nov, P. lucida sp. nov, P. auremacularis sp. nov, P. spinifosciaria sp. nov, P. campanulata sp. nov., P. foliuncata sp. nov., P. persicina sp. nov., P. circimacularis sp. nov., P. curviprocessa sp. nov., P. spinivalvaris sp. nov, P. digituncata sp. nov, P. arciformis sp. nov, P. bornensis sp. nov.,P. cribrata sp. nov, P. oliviformis sp. nov, P. curvitaeniata sp. nov, P. chumphonensis sp. nov.,P. Ivovskyi sp. nov,P. gladiata sp. nov., P. lobulata sp. nov, P. scalpelliformis sp. nov., P. triloba sp. nov., P. bigeminata sp. nov.,P. derecta sp. nov., P. debilis sp. nov.,P. pileata sp. nov.,P. foliiprocessa sp. nov.,P. extumida sp. nov.,P. aliformis sp. nov.,P. bicornuta sp. nov.,P. brevilabris sp. nov.,P. ravidicapitata sp. nov.,P. spinulosignatha sp. nov., P. ramivalvata sp. nov.,P. albipectinalis sp. nov.,P. flavidilineata sp. nov., P. folivalvaris sp. nov.,P. indistincta sp. nov., P. voluta sp. nov., P. apiculifera sp. nov.,P. aculeiformis sp. nov., P. argentanularis sp. nov., P. curvispinosa sp. nov., P. serraticostalis sp. nov.,P. squamacea sp. nov., P. espinata sp. nov., P. trimaculata sp. nov., P. medimacularis sp. nov., P. subtilis sp. nov.
Nine species are newly recorded for China (including six published species):P. sinevi Lvovsky,1986, P. svetlanae Lvovsky,1985, P. vittapenna Kim et Park,2010, P. dierli Lvovsky,2000, P. tamdaoella Lvovsky,1988, P. rectifascia Kim et Park,2010, P. diorbis Kim et Park,2012, P. multimaculella Lvovsky,2000and P. forticosta Kim et Park,2012; three species are newly recorded for Malaysia:P. diehli Lvovsky,2000, P. similiflora Wang,2006and P. nabokovi Lvovsky,2000; P. mentawirella Lvovsky,2000are newly recorded for Brunei; P. parasuzukiella Wang,2006are newly recorded for Thailand.
The males of P. callimetalla Meyrick,1908, P. isopselia (Meyrick,1906), P. dimolybda Meyrick,1935(published) and P. parazeucta Meyrick,1908are firstly described; the females of P. bathroclina Meyrick,1918, P. dilatignatha Wang et Li,2004, P. flavescens Wang, Zheng et Li,1997(published), P. lungtanella Lvovsky,2000, P. neixiangensis Wang,2007, P. quadrilineata Wang, Zheng et Li,1997, P. ruiliensis Wang,2006, P. similinfulata Wang, Kendrick et Sterling,2009and P. subcolacephala Du et Wang,2011are described for the first time.
Three new synonymies are established:Promalactis tamdaoella Lvovsky,1988(=P. griselocula Kim et Park,2010)(published), P. punctuata Park et Park,1998(=P. akaganea Fujisawa,2002, syn. nov.), P. longiuncata Wang, Kendric et Sterling,2009(=P. albipars Kim et Park,2012, syn. nov.); one new combination is proposed:P. procerella (Denis et Schiffermuller,1775), comb. nov. Epicallima subsuzukiella (Lvovsky,1985) and E. nadezhdae (Lvovsky,1985) are transfered back to Promalactis.
Promalactis species are divided into13species-groups for the first time based on the adult external characters. Keys to species-groups and species of each group are given.
A distribution map of Promalactis on a worldwide basis is provided, with analyses of its distribution data of altitude, and latitude and longitude, as well as the species richness in each country and region. The distribution map of each species-group is also given. Photographs of venations, male and female genitalia are included.
All the studied specimens, except stated otherwise, are deposited in the Insect Collection, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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