基于可再生能源利用的农村住宅技术系统设计研究
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摘要
我国农村住宅在建设、使用过程中的能源消耗巨大,在全球能源资源状况日益紧张的今天,这一问题将会更加突出。本文在国家加速社会主义新农村建设和推进可再生能源利用的背景下,基于“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目“村镇小康住宅关键技术研究与示范”的子题“村镇住宅节能关键技术研究与产品开发(2006BAJ04A05’)”,深入韩国、荷兰、国内大量实态调查、试验的基础上,以可再生能源技术利用为目标,对可再生能源技术系统与农村住宅设计展开研究,从而为东北农村住宅建设提供理论和实践依据。
论文首先通过对能源替代理论、技术系统论、耦合理论的解读,基于哲学层面上儒家的“万物一体”的思想,以天道自然、宇宙一体、一体归仁、生命感通、生生和谐的思维方式及生物理论的共生、应变思想提出了自耦合、共生耦合、应变耦合理论。基于住宅系统的建筑要素和技术要素,通过耦合界面提出太阳能利用技术系统与住宅系统的应变耦合模式、生物质能利用技术系统与住宅系统的连续共生耦合模式、能源综合利用技术系统与住宅系统的一体共生耦合模式、其它新能源利用技术系统与住宅系统的耦合设计模式。继而基于生物质能利用,将传统的火炕建造理念与燃池供暖技术耦合,形成一种新的供暖装置,并提出燃池技术系统自耦合设计的传热策略和运行策略;根据共生原理,提出了燃池技术与火炕文脉、火炕构造、节能灶、平面布局的连续共生耦合策略;并对其进行试验验证和经济评价。基于太阳能利用设计了太阳能卵石蓄热采暖装置,研究其自耦合策略及其与农村住宅系统应变耦合的设计策略,围护系统界面的应变耦合采取材料应变和围护构造应变的设计策略,室内系统界面的耦合,设计采取炕体构造应变和室内布局应变的耦合策略,并对其进行试验验证和经济评价。基于太阳能和生物质能利用,根据自耦合设计理论,对辽沈系列日光温室进行了设计研究,根据应变思想,探讨温室与沼气池应变耦合的设计策略,对其保温性能进行试验验证。最后,基于共生和应变原理探讨了能源综合利用技术系统与农村住宅在用地系统界面、围护系统界面、机械系统界面及结构系统界面的应变和一体共生的耦合设计策略,并以法库五位一体农宅为例,阐述了设计中如何应用耦合设计策略及适宜技术。
对以上问题的研究主要采用了建筑学、生物学、系统科学、能源等多学科交叉研究的方法,理论与实证研究相结合、定性与定量相结合以及综合研究的方法。
本文基于可再生能源利用,建立了农村住宅耦合设计理论框架、构建了耦合设计模式、提出有针对性的耦合设计策略为全面解读新农村住宅设计提供科学的观点和视角;燃池技术、卵石蓄热供暖技术、温室技术、综合能源利用技术对缓解能源紧张、解决农村洗澡难、冬季室内较冷、沼气产气量低、蔬菜供应困难等问题具有现实意义。
A large amount of energy is consumed during construction and usage of rural house in our country. Today under the condition that global energy resources faces unparalleled stress, this problem becomes more outstanding. This paper is prepared under the background of quickening the construction of new socialist countryside and advancing the utilization of renewable energy in China. Based on the subtopic Key Technology Research and Product Development on Energy Saving for Rural House [2006BAJ04A05’] of Key Technology Research and Demonstration for Rural Well-off House - project of National Key Technology R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period, this paper is on the basis of plenty of actual investigation and tests in Korea, Netherlands and China. It studies renewable energy technology system and rural house design to provide theoretical and practical basis for the construction of rural house in the northeastern China, with the target to utilize renewable energy technology.
This paper first puts forward self-coupling, symbiosis coupling and response coupling theory through thoroughly understanding energy substitution theory, technology system theory and coupling theory, philosophically based on Confucianism“Everything-As-One”, with the way of thinking Nature, Universal One, Nature and Man in One, life synesthesia and harmony, as well as the concept of symbiosis and response in biological theory. Based on house system’s architectural and technological elements, it gives response coupling mode of solar energy utilization technology system and house system, continuous symbiosis coupling mode of biomass energy utilization technology system and house system, integrative symbiosis coupling mode of comprehensive energy utilization technology system and house system, coupling design mode of other new energy utilization technology system and house system by using coupling interface. Then, it couples traditional heated kang construction idea with fire pit heating technology to form a new heating installation on the basis of biomass energy utilization and puts forward heat transfer and operation strategy for the self-coupling design of fire pit technology system; it puts forward continuous symbiosis strategy of fire pit technology and heated kang context, heated kang structure, energy saving stove and plane layout based on symbiosis principle and relevant verifying tests and economic evaluation are conducted. Solar energy pebble heat storage heating plant is designed based on solar energy utilization and this paper studies its self-coupling strategy and design strategy of response coupling of this heating plant and rural house system; response coupling of enclosure system interface adopts design strategy of material response and enclosure structure response; indoor system interface coupling is designed to adopt kang structure response and indoor layout response coupling strategy and relevant verifying tests and economic evaluation are conducted. Based on utilization of solar energy and biomass energy, Liaoshen series solar greenhouse is designed and studied in accordance with self-coupling design theory; it also discusses design strategy of greenhouse and biogas tank response coupling in accordance with response theory and conducts tests to verify its thermal insulation performance. Finally, based on the symbiosis and response principle, it discusses response and integrative symbiosis coupling design strategy on land system interface, enclosure system interface, mechanical system interface and structure system interface for comprehensive energy utilization technology system and rural house, as well as takes Five-in-one rural house in Faku for example to set forth how to apply coupling design strategy and applicable technology during design.
The above problems are studied mainly through cross study of multi-discipline such as architecture, biology, system science, energy etc., combination of theory and empirical study, combination of qualitative and quantitative study and comprehensive study.
Based on renewable energy utilization, this paper establishes theory framework for rural house coupling design, builds coupling design mode and puts forward specific coupling design strategy to provide scientific viewpoint and visual angle for thoroughly understanding the new rural house design; fire pit technology, pebble heat storage heating technology, greenhouse technology and comprehensive energy utilization technology have great practical significance for mitigating energy crisis and resolving many problems available in rural area, such as bath problem, lower indoor temperature in winter, lower biogas output, difficult vegetable supply and other problems.
论文首先通过对能源替代理论、技术系统论、耦合理论的解读,基于哲学层面上儒家的“万物一体”的思想,以天道自然、宇宙一体、一体归仁、生命感通、生生和谐的思维方式及生物理论的共生、应变思想提出了自耦合、共生耦合、应变耦合理论。基于住宅系统的建筑要素和技术要素,通过耦合界面提出太阳能利用技术系统与住宅系统的应变耦合模式、生物质能利用技术系统与住宅系统的连续共生耦合模式、能源综合利用技术系统与住宅系统的一体共生耦合模式、其它新能源利用技术系统与住宅系统的耦合设计模式。继而基于生物质能利用,将传统的火炕建造理念与燃池供暖技术耦合,形成一种新的供暖装置,并提出燃池技术系统自耦合设计的传热策略和运行策略;根据共生原理,提出了燃池技术与火炕文脉、火炕构造、节能灶、平面布局的连续共生耦合策略;并对其进行试验验证和经济评价。基于太阳能利用设计了太阳能卵石蓄热采暖装置,研究其自耦合策略及其与农村住宅系统应变耦合的设计策略,围护系统界面的应变耦合采取材料应变和围护构造应变的设计策略,室内系统界面的耦合,设计采取炕体构造应变和室内布局应变的耦合策略,并对其进行试验验证和经济评价。基于太阳能和生物质能利用,根据自耦合设计理论,对辽沈系列日光温室进行了设计研究,根据应变思想,探讨温室与沼气池应变耦合的设计策略,对其保温性能进行试验验证。最后,基于共生和应变原理探讨了能源综合利用技术系统与农村住宅在用地系统界面、围护系统界面、机械系统界面及结构系统界面的应变和一体共生的耦合设计策略,并以法库五位一体农宅为例,阐述了设计中如何应用耦合设计策略及适宜技术。
对以上问题的研究主要采用了建筑学、生物学、系统科学、能源等多学科交叉研究的方法,理论与实证研究相结合、定性与定量相结合以及综合研究的方法。
本文基于可再生能源利用,建立了农村住宅耦合设计理论框架、构建了耦合设计模式、提出有针对性的耦合设计策略为全面解读新农村住宅设计提供科学的观点和视角;燃池技术、卵石蓄热供暖技术、温室技术、综合能源利用技术对缓解能源紧张、解决农村洗澡难、冬季室内较冷、沼气产气量低、蔬菜供应困难等问题具有现实意义。
A large amount of energy is consumed during construction and usage of rural house in our country. Today under the condition that global energy resources faces unparalleled stress, this problem becomes more outstanding. This paper is prepared under the background of quickening the construction of new socialist countryside and advancing the utilization of renewable energy in China. Based on the subtopic Key Technology Research and Product Development on Energy Saving for Rural House [2006BAJ04A05’] of Key Technology Research and Demonstration for Rural Well-off House - project of National Key Technology R&D Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period, this paper is on the basis of plenty of actual investigation and tests in Korea, Netherlands and China. It studies renewable energy technology system and rural house design to provide theoretical and practical basis for the construction of rural house in the northeastern China, with the target to utilize renewable energy technology.
This paper first puts forward self-coupling, symbiosis coupling and response coupling theory through thoroughly understanding energy substitution theory, technology system theory and coupling theory, philosophically based on Confucianism“Everything-As-One”, with the way of thinking Nature, Universal One, Nature and Man in One, life synesthesia and harmony, as well as the concept of symbiosis and response in biological theory. Based on house system’s architectural and technological elements, it gives response coupling mode of solar energy utilization technology system and house system, continuous symbiosis coupling mode of biomass energy utilization technology system and house system, integrative symbiosis coupling mode of comprehensive energy utilization technology system and house system, coupling design mode of other new energy utilization technology system and house system by using coupling interface. Then, it couples traditional heated kang construction idea with fire pit heating technology to form a new heating installation on the basis of biomass energy utilization and puts forward heat transfer and operation strategy for the self-coupling design of fire pit technology system; it puts forward continuous symbiosis strategy of fire pit technology and heated kang context, heated kang structure, energy saving stove and plane layout based on symbiosis principle and relevant verifying tests and economic evaluation are conducted. Solar energy pebble heat storage heating plant is designed based on solar energy utilization and this paper studies its self-coupling strategy and design strategy of response coupling of this heating plant and rural house system; response coupling of enclosure system interface adopts design strategy of material response and enclosure structure response; indoor system interface coupling is designed to adopt kang structure response and indoor layout response coupling strategy and relevant verifying tests and economic evaluation are conducted. Based on utilization of solar energy and biomass energy, Liaoshen series solar greenhouse is designed and studied in accordance with self-coupling design theory; it also discusses design strategy of greenhouse and biogas tank response coupling in accordance with response theory and conducts tests to verify its thermal insulation performance. Finally, based on the symbiosis and response principle, it discusses response and integrative symbiosis coupling design strategy on land system interface, enclosure system interface, mechanical system interface and structure system interface for comprehensive energy utilization technology system and rural house, as well as takes Five-in-one rural house in Faku for example to set forth how to apply coupling design strategy and applicable technology during design.
The above problems are studied mainly through cross study of multi-discipline such as architecture, biology, system science, energy etc., combination of theory and empirical study, combination of qualitative and quantitative study and comprehensive study.
Based on renewable energy utilization, this paper establishes theory framework for rural house coupling design, builds coupling design mode and puts forward specific coupling design strategy to provide scientific viewpoint and visual angle for thoroughly understanding the new rural house design; fire pit technology, pebble heat storage heating technology, greenhouse technology and comprehensive energy utilization technology have great practical significance for mitigating energy crisis and resolving many problems available in rural area, such as bath problem, lower indoor temperature in winter, lower biogas output, difficult vegetable supply and other problems.
引文
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