面向中小软件企业的过程改进模型的研究与设计
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摘要
近20多年来，信息技术和信息产业已成为新兴生产力的代表，作为信息产业核心的软件产业更是得到了前所未有的迅猛发展。但是，上世纪70年代出现的“软件危机”一直困挠着软件行业。同样，我国的软件企业也面临着软件规模化生产的挑战。我国中小型软件企业占软件企业总数的60％多，由于企业的规模偏小、可用于软件工程环境建设资金和软件工程人员的缺乏等原因，致使他们软件开发过程的控制能力较低，产品开发质量得不到保障。
本论文通过对软件成熟度模型的学习和研究，以中小软件企业实际开发过程为基础，对CMM2级的关键过程域进行裁剪和提炼，针对中小型企业项目开发过程存在的问题，提出一套适合我国中小型软件企业特点的过程改进模型——SSPI模型。SSPI模型的特点是更贴近我国中小软件企业实际情况、易操作和低成本。它是介于CMM公共模型标准与企业具体过程规范之间的过程改进模型，通过它可以降低中小软件企业实施过程改进的难度。通过对此模型的裁剪，企业可以方便地定义出组织过程标准或具体项目的开发过程。模型中集成了一个支持工具SSPI Manager，以方便其实施。
本文研究的目的是通过对面向中小软件企业过程改进模型的研究和应用，能逐步规范中小软件企业的开发过程，提高他们的软件过程能力。
Information technology and information industry have become the symbols of the new productivity since the last 20 years. Particularly, as the core of the information industry, software industry has been developed unprecedentedly. However, software crisis has still handicapped the development of software line from the last 70s'. At present, software enterprises in our country are facing the challenge of the volume-produce of software. Medium and small-sized software firms in software industry accounts for more 60%, and such kinds of enterprises have inferior ability to produce with the lower quality products due to their miniature scales, lack of capital and talented employees.
Through the learning and studying in the Capability Maturity Model, and also based on the capacity standard of CMM2, this paper proposes a set of model for software processing improvement (Simplified Software Process Improvement, SSPI), which improved and epurated the key processing areas in CMM2. SSPI is aimed to the true situation of the software industry in our country with the features, such as easy operation and low-cost. The model is process model, which is between CMM model public standard and the firm specific criteria. SSPI is easier to understand and accept than the others. With the model, corporations can make out the recognizing criteria and project development easily. A supporting tool ?SSPI Manager is developed to help the implementation of SSPI.
The purpose of the paper is to standardize software development process in Medium and small-sized firms, and to improve their abilities in software process productivity.
本论文通过对软件成熟度模型的学习和研究，以中小软件企业实际开发过程为基础，对CMM2级的关键过程域进行裁剪和提炼，针对中小型企业项目开发过程存在的问题，提出一套适合我国中小型软件企业特点的过程改进模型——SSPI模型。SSPI模型的特点是更贴近我国中小软件企业实际情况、易操作和低成本。它是介于CMM公共模型标准与企业具体过程规范之间的过程改进模型，通过它可以降低中小软件企业实施过程改进的难度。通过对此模型的裁剪，企业可以方便地定义出组织过程标准或具体项目的开发过程。模型中集成了一个支持工具SSPI Manager，以方便其实施。
本文研究的目的是通过对面向中小软件企业过程改进模型的研究和应用，能逐步规范中小软件企业的开发过程，提高他们的软件过程能力。
Information technology and information industry have become the symbols of the new productivity since the last 20 years. Particularly, as the core of the information industry, software industry has been developed unprecedentedly. However, software crisis has still handicapped the development of software line from the last 70s'. At present, software enterprises in our country are facing the challenge of the volume-produce of software. Medium and small-sized software firms in software industry accounts for more 60%, and such kinds of enterprises have inferior ability to produce with the lower quality products due to their miniature scales, lack of capital and talented employees.
Through the learning and studying in the Capability Maturity Model, and also based on the capacity standard of CMM2, this paper proposes a set of model for software processing improvement (Simplified Software Process Improvement, SSPI), which improved and epurated the key processing areas in CMM2. SSPI is aimed to the true situation of the software industry in our country with the features, such as easy operation and low-cost. The model is process model, which is between CMM model public standard and the firm specific criteria. SSPI is easier to understand and accept than the others. With the model, corporations can make out the recognizing criteria and project development easily. A supporting tool ?SSPI Manager is developed to help the implementation of SSPI.
The purpose of the paper is to standardize software development process in Medium and small-sized firms, and to improve their abilities in software process productivity.
引文
[1] 周伯生，“软件工程与能力成熟度模型CMM”，中国项目管理网
[2] 罗运模 等著，《软件能力成熟度模型集成(CMMI)》，清华大学出版社2003
[3] Watt S. Humphrey, "A Discipline for Software Engineering", Reading Mass, Addison-Weslcy, 1995
[4] 王养廷，“面向CMM的TSP技术研究及支持环境实现”，北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文，2001
[5] 邵丽，“基于CMM的软件过程改进”，《微型机与应用》，2002年 第四期
[6] 国务院文件，“国务院关于印发《鼓励软件产业和集成电路产业发展若干政策》的通知”，国发[2000]18号
[7] Mark Ginsberg and Lauren Quinn, "Process Tailoring and the Software Capability Maturity Model", Software Engineering Institute, CMU/SEI-94-TR-024, November 1995
[8] Donna L. Johnson and Judith G. Brodman, "Applying the CMM to Small Organizations and Small Projects", Proceedings of the 1998 Software Engineering Process Group Conference, Chicago, IL, 9-12 March 1998
[9] SamiZahran 著，陈新罗译，《软件过程改进》，中信出版社，2002
[10] Robert Lai, "The move to mature process",IEEE Software, July 1993.
[11] 杨一平 等著，《软件能力成熟度模型CMM方法及其应用》，人民邮电出版社，2001
[12] 何新贵 王纬 等著，《软件能力成熟度模型》，清华大学出版社，2001
[13] Mark C. Paulk, "How ISO9001 Compares with the CMM", IEEE SOFTWARE
[14] Daniel J.Paulish 著，《软件项目管理实用指南-以体系结构为中心》，机械工业出版社，2003
[15] Ivar Jacobson Grady Booch James Krmbaugh 著，周伯生译，《统一软件开发过程》，机械工业出版社，2002
[16] Stacy J.Prowell 著《净室软件工程：技术与过程》机械工业出版社 2001
[17] Philippe Kruchten 著，周伯生 吴超英译，《Rational 统一过程引论》，
机械工业出版社，2002
[18] Scott W.Ambler 著，张嘉路 等译，《敏捷建模 极限编程和统一过程的有效实践》，机械工业出版社，2003
[19] Dennis M.Ahern Aaron Clouse Richard Turner 著，周伯生 吴超英等译，《CMMI 精粹—集成化过程改进实用导论》，机械工业出版社，2002
[20] Watts S.Humphrey 著，吴超英、车向东译，《个体软件开发过程》，人民邮电出版社，2002
[21] 林锐 王慧文 著，《CMMI3级过程改进方法与规范》，电子工业出版社，2003
[22] Roger S. Pressman 著，黄柏素 等译，《软件工程 实践者的研究方法》，机械工业出版社，1999
[2] 罗运模 等著，《软件能力成熟度模型集成(CMMI)》，清华大学出版社2003
[3] Watt S. Humphrey, "A Discipline for Software Engineering", Reading Mass, Addison-Weslcy, 1995
[4] 王养廷，“面向CMM的TSP技术研究及支持环境实现”，北京航空航天大学硕士学位论文，2001
[5] 邵丽，“基于CMM的软件过程改进”，《微型机与应用》，2002年 第四期
[6] 国务院文件，“国务院关于印发《鼓励软件产业和集成电路产业发展若干政策》的通知”，国发[2000]18号
[7] Mark Ginsberg and Lauren Quinn, "Process Tailoring and the Software Capability Maturity Model", Software Engineering Institute, CMU/SEI-94-TR-024, November 1995
[8] Donna L. Johnson and Judith G. Brodman, "Applying the CMM to Small Organizations and Small Projects", Proceedings of the 1998 Software Engineering Process Group Conference, Chicago, IL, 9-12 March 1998
[9] SamiZahran 著，陈新罗译，《软件过程改进》，中信出版社，2002
[10] Robert Lai, "The move to mature process",IEEE Software, July 1993.
[11] 杨一平 等著，《软件能力成熟度模型CMM方法及其应用》，人民邮电出版社，2001
[12] 何新贵 王纬 等著，《软件能力成熟度模型》，清华大学出版社，2001
[13] Mark C. Paulk, "How ISO9001 Compares with the CMM", IEEE SOFTWARE
[14] Daniel J.Paulish 著，《软件项目管理实用指南-以体系结构为中心》，机械工业出版社，2003
[15] Ivar Jacobson Grady Booch James Krmbaugh 著，周伯生译，《统一软件开发过程》，机械工业出版社，2002
[16] Stacy J.Prowell 著《净室软件工程：技术与过程》机械工业出版社 2001
[17] Philippe Kruchten 著，周伯生 吴超英译，《Rational 统一过程引论》，
机械工业出版社，2002
[18] Scott W.Ambler 著，张嘉路 等译，《敏捷建模 极限编程和统一过程的有效实践》，机械工业出版社，2003
[19] Dennis M.Ahern Aaron Clouse Richard Turner 著，周伯生 吴超英等译，《CMMI 精粹—集成化过程改进实用导论》，机械工业出版社，2002
[20] Watts S.Humphrey 著，吴超英、车向东译，《个体软件开发过程》，人民邮电出版社，2002
[21] 林锐 王慧文 著，《CMMI3级过程改进方法与规范》，电子工业出版社，2003
[22] Roger S. Pressman 著，黄柏素 等译，《软件工程 实践者的研究方法》，机械工业出版社，1999