某型营运客车的操纵稳定性仿真分析研究
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摘要
全世界每年死于道路交通伤害的人数高达100多万人,有2300万～3400万人在交通事故中受伤,其中中低等收入国家的死亡人数占了近86%。据世界卫生组织(WHO)2004年全球道路交通伤害研究报告指出,预测从2010年至2020年,全球道路交通事故伤害死亡人数将从100万增加到234万(占所有死亡的3.4%);在中等收入和低等收入国家,道路交通事故死亡平均将上升80%左右。从80年代以来,我国道路交通事故数和死亡人数已超过美国,居世界第一位。在我国,道路交通安全问题已经成为影响人们生活的重要问题之一。仅2008年,全国共发生道路交通事故265 204起,造成73 484人死亡、304 919人受伤,直接财产损失10.1亿元。道路交通事故数量及其所致人员伤亡数量令人触目惊心。据不完全统计,机械故障在各类引发道路交通事故的原因中占到近10%。汽车技术状况的好坏,与行车安全有着十分重要的关系。其中,汽车的操纵稳定性是影响汽车技术状况的一个重要因素。汽车的操纵稳定性不仅影响到汽车驾驶的操纵方便程度,而且也是决定高速汽车安全行驶的一个主要性能。本论文根据公共交通运输单位的实际需要,利用ADAMS软件分析研究某型营运客车的操纵稳定性,对营运车辆安全、运营管理和营运车辆选型具有较重要的现实意义。
论文分析了现行汽车操纵稳定性的评价方法、基于ADAMS的仿真模型构建方法,以多体系统动力学软件MSC.ADAMS的CAR模块为平台,根据某型客车原型参数,通过建立模型以及修改ADAMS/CAR自带模板参数及关键点,建立了该车前悬架系统、后悬架系统、转向系统、动力传动系统、制动系统、轮胎、车身等子系统以及整车多体模型,完成了某客车仿真模型的构建。
按国家标准GB/T6323-1994的规定,对该车的操纵稳定性进行了仿真试验,依据各试验国标要求,计算各评价指标,并按照QC/T480-1999的规定对各仿真试验进行了评分,完成了对该车操纵稳定性性能的评价。研究结果为该型营运客车的运营安全管理和车辆选型提供了依据。
The number of deaths and injuries from road traffic as high as 100 million people every year, there are 23 million～34 million people were injured in road accidents, In which the number of deaths accounted for nearly 86% in low-income countries . According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2004 global research report on road traffic injury, forecasting from 2010 to 2020, the global road traffic injury deaths will increase from 100 million to 2.34 million (accounting for 3.4% of all deaths); In middle-income and low-income countries, road traffic deaths will rise by an average of about 80%. From the 80's, China's number of road traffic accidents and deaths has exceeded the United States, ranking first in the world. In China, the impact of road traffic safety has become one of the important issues of people's lives. Only in 2008 a total of 265,204 road accidents occurred in our country, 73484 people were killed, 304 919 injured, property loss 1.01 billion directly. The number of road traffic accidents and casualties caused by the number is shocked.
According to incomplete statistics, the various types of mechanical failure caused the causes of road traffic accidents accounted for nearly 10%. The quality of vehicle technical condition and traffic safety has a very important relationship. Among them, the car handling and stability is an important factor affecting the status of automotive technology.Vehicle handing stability not only affects the control convenience of vehicles, but also is a key capacity which determines the high-speed vehicle safety according to the actual needs of public transport units, This paper analysis handing stability of a certain type of working bus. It is relevant to safty,management and selection model of working bus .
This paper research the existing vehicle stability evaluation method and the method of building simulation model based on ADAMS, make the multi-body system dynamics software MSC.ADAMS/CAR as a platform, accord to the parameter of a bus ,built the front suspension subsystem、rear suspension subsystem、steering subsystem、driveline subsystem、braking subsystem、tire subsystem、body subsystem and multi-body model by building template and adjusting hardpoint of its template, and build the simulation model of this bus.
According to the GB/T6323-1994, this paper simulates the vehicle handing stability of this bus, calculate evaluation values. And according to QC/T480-1999, this paper assess the simulations, and complete the assessment vehicle handing stability of this bus. The research result provides the basis for management of this working bus and selecting model.
论文分析了现行汽车操纵稳定性的评价方法、基于ADAMS的仿真模型构建方法,以多体系统动力学软件MSC.ADAMS的CAR模块为平台,根据某型客车原型参数,通过建立模型以及修改ADAMS/CAR自带模板参数及关键点,建立了该车前悬架系统、后悬架系统、转向系统、动力传动系统、制动系统、轮胎、车身等子系统以及整车多体模型,完成了某客车仿真模型的构建。
按国家标准GB/T6323-1994的规定,对该车的操纵稳定性进行了仿真试验,依据各试验国标要求,计算各评价指标,并按照QC/T480-1999的规定对各仿真试验进行了评分,完成了对该车操纵稳定性性能的评价。研究结果为该型营运客车的运营安全管理和车辆选型提供了依据。
The number of deaths and injuries from road traffic as high as 100 million people every year, there are 23 million～34 million people were injured in road accidents, In which the number of deaths accounted for nearly 86% in low-income countries . According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2004 global research report on road traffic injury, forecasting from 2010 to 2020, the global road traffic injury deaths will increase from 100 million to 2.34 million (accounting for 3.4% of all deaths); In middle-income and low-income countries, road traffic deaths will rise by an average of about 80%. From the 80's, China's number of road traffic accidents and deaths has exceeded the United States, ranking first in the world. In China, the impact of road traffic safety has become one of the important issues of people's lives. Only in 2008 a total of 265,204 road accidents occurred in our country, 73484 people were killed, 304 919 injured, property loss 1.01 billion directly. The number of road traffic accidents and casualties caused by the number is shocked.
According to incomplete statistics, the various types of mechanical failure caused the causes of road traffic accidents accounted for nearly 10%. The quality of vehicle technical condition and traffic safety has a very important relationship. Among them, the car handling and stability is an important factor affecting the status of automotive technology.Vehicle handing stability not only affects the control convenience of vehicles, but also is a key capacity which determines the high-speed vehicle safety according to the actual needs of public transport units, This paper analysis handing stability of a certain type of working bus. It is relevant to safty,management and selection model of working bus .
This paper research the existing vehicle stability evaluation method and the method of building simulation model based on ADAMS, make the multi-body system dynamics software MSC.ADAMS/CAR as a platform, accord to the parameter of a bus ,built the front suspension subsystem、rear suspension subsystem、steering subsystem、driveline subsystem、braking subsystem、tire subsystem、body subsystem and multi-body model by building template and adjusting hardpoint of its template, and build the simulation model of this bus.
According to the GB/T6323-1994, this paper simulates the vehicle handing stability of this bus, calculate evaluation values. And according to QC/T480-1999, this paper assess the simulations, and complete the assessment vehicle handing stability of this bus. The research result provides the basis for management of this working bus and selecting model.
引文
[1]郭孔辉.汽车操作动力学[M].吉林科学技术出版社.1991
[2]Hale Heighway,Murray Douglas.Multi-body dynamic modeling of commercial vehicles[J].Computing&Control Engineering,Journal February 2002.7.26～31
[3]袁士杰,吕哲勤.多体系统动力学[M].北京理工大学出版社.1992
[4]汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册基础篇[M].人民交通出版社.2001
[5]刘浩学.汽车使用安全技术[M].人民交通出版社.2002
[6]余志生.汽车理论[M].机械工业出版社.2000
[7]秦民.整车动力学控制仿真分析[D].吉林.吉林工业大学.2003
[8]Dvae Crolla,喻凡.车辆动力学及其控制[M].人民交通出版社.2004
[9]Broulheit G.The Suspension of the Automobile Steering Mechanism[J].Societe des ingenieurs Civils de France.2003.2.12～15
[10]Becker G,Burnham Maruhn.Schwingunge Automobillenkungen[M].Kray Berlin.2006
[11]Evans R.Properties of tires affecting riding steering and handling[J].Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers.2003.4.23～26
[12]Olley M.Suspension and Handling[J].Engineering Report.May 1937.6.15～18
[13]管欣.驾驶员方向控制模型及闭环驾驶安全性预测方法的研究[D].吉林.吉林工业大学.1992
[14]Hickner G,Elliot G.Hybrid Computer Simulation of theDynamic Response of a Vehicle With Four-Wheel Adaptive Brakes[J].SAE TechnicalPaper Series.2001.1.26～29
[15]Murphy Ray.A Hybrid Computer System for the Simulation of VehicleDynamics[J].SAE Technical Paper Series.2001.2.28～33
[16]Tiffany Cornel.A Hybrid Simulation of vehicleDynamics and Subsystems[J].SAE Technical Paper Series.2001.3.35～40
[17]Allen Wade,Theodore Rosenthal.Validation of Ground Vehicle ComputerSimulations Developed for Dynamics Stability Analysis[J].SAE Technical PaperSeries.2001.3. 55～61
[18]Allen Wade,Theodore Rosenthal.Field Testing and Computer SimulationAnalysis of Ground Vehicle Dynamic Stability[J].SAE Technical Paper Series.2001.4.12～19
[19]Allen Wade,Theodore Rosenthal.Characteristics Influencing GroundVehicle Lateral/Directional Stability[J].SAE Technical Paper Series.2001.4.31～35
[20]Allen Wade,Theodore Rosenthal. A Computer Simulation Analysis of Safety Critical Maneuvers for Assessing Ground Vehicle Dynamic Stability[J].SAE Technical PaperSeries.2001.5.21～25
[21]郭孔辉.人—车—路闭环操纵系统主动安全性的综合评价与优化设计[J].汽车技术.1993. 4.19～23
[22]郭孔辉.预瞄跟随理论与人车闭环系统大角度操纵运动仿真[J].汽车工程.1992.4.3～9
[23]阿达姆,措莫托.汽车行驶性能[M].科学普及出版社.1992
[24]Reieher W.Correlation Analysis of Open/Closed loop Data for Objective Assessment ofHandling Characteristics of Cars[J].SAE Paper Series.2001.5.12～19
[25]原田宏.回顾汽车操纵稳定性研究—关于汽车操纵稳定性定量评价的探讨[J].自动车技术.1995.49.45～51
[26]宗长富,郭孔辉.汽车操纵稳定性的研究与评价[J].汽车技术.2000.6.18～31
[27]雷雨成.汽车系统动力学及仿真[M].国防工业出版社.1997
[28]宗长富,郭孔辉.汽车操纵稳定性的客观定量评价指标[J].吉林工业大学自然科学学报.2000.1.18～22
[29]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法.北京.国家质检总局.1994
[30]国家质检总局.QC/T480.1999.汽车操纵稳定性指标限值与评价方法.北京.国家质检总局.1999
[31]王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西北工业大学出版社.2002
[32]梅奋永.基于虚拟样机技术的汽车操纵稳定性仿真研究[D].合肥.合肥工业大学.2005
[33]李军.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京理工大学出版社.2002
[34]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].机械工业出版社.2002
[35]陈立平,张云清.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].清华大学出版社.2005
[36]邬勇民.基于虚拟样机技术的悬架优化及汽车平顺性仿真[D].南京.南京航空航天大学.2007
[37]李军,刑俊文,覃文洁.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京理工大学出版社.2002
[38]张建辉.基于ADAMS的汽车操纵稳定性研究[D].西安.长安大学学.2008
[39]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.2.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向瞬态响应试验(转向盘转角阶跃输入).北京.国家质检总局.1994
[40]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.3.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向瞬态响应试验(转向盘转角脉冲输入).北京.国家质检总局.1994
[41]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.1.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法蛇形试验.北京.国家质检总局.1994
[42]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.5.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向轻便性试验.北京.国家质检总局.1994
[43]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.4.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向回正性能试验.北京.国家质检总局.1994
[44]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.6.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法稳态回转试验.北京.国家质检总局.1994
[2]Hale Heighway,Murray Douglas.Multi-body dynamic modeling of commercial vehicles[J].Computing&Control Engineering,Journal February 2002.7.26～31
[3]袁士杰,吕哲勤.多体系统动力学[M].北京理工大学出版社.1992
[4]汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册基础篇[M].人民交通出版社.2001
[5]刘浩学.汽车使用安全技术[M].人民交通出版社.2002
[6]余志生.汽车理论[M].机械工业出版社.2000
[7]秦民.整车动力学控制仿真分析[D].吉林.吉林工业大学.2003
[8]Dvae Crolla,喻凡.车辆动力学及其控制[M].人民交通出版社.2004
[9]Broulheit G.The Suspension of the Automobile Steering Mechanism[J].Societe des ingenieurs Civils de France.2003.2.12～15
[10]Becker G,Burnham Maruhn.Schwingunge Automobillenkungen[M].Kray Berlin.2006
[11]Evans R.Properties of tires affecting riding steering and handling[J].Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers.2003.4.23～26
[12]Olley M.Suspension and Handling[J].Engineering Report.May 1937.6.15～18
[13]管欣.驾驶员方向控制模型及闭环驾驶安全性预测方法的研究[D].吉林.吉林工业大学.1992
[14]Hickner G,Elliot G.Hybrid Computer Simulation of theDynamic Response of a Vehicle With Four-Wheel Adaptive Brakes[J].SAE TechnicalPaper Series.2001.1.26～29
[15]Murphy Ray.A Hybrid Computer System for the Simulation of VehicleDynamics[J].SAE Technical Paper Series.2001.2.28～33
[16]Tiffany Cornel.A Hybrid Simulation of vehicleDynamics and Subsystems[J].SAE Technical Paper Series.2001.3.35～40
[17]Allen Wade,Theodore Rosenthal.Validation of Ground Vehicle ComputerSimulations Developed for Dynamics Stability Analysis[J].SAE Technical PaperSeries.2001.3. 55～61
[18]Allen Wade,Theodore Rosenthal.Field Testing and Computer SimulationAnalysis of Ground Vehicle Dynamic Stability[J].SAE Technical Paper Series.2001.4.12～19
[19]Allen Wade,Theodore Rosenthal.Characteristics Influencing GroundVehicle Lateral/Directional Stability[J].SAE Technical Paper Series.2001.4.31～35
[20]Allen Wade,Theodore Rosenthal. A Computer Simulation Analysis of Safety Critical Maneuvers for Assessing Ground Vehicle Dynamic Stability[J].SAE Technical PaperSeries.2001.5.21～25
[21]郭孔辉.人—车—路闭环操纵系统主动安全性的综合评价与优化设计[J].汽车技术.1993. 4.19～23
[22]郭孔辉.预瞄跟随理论与人车闭环系统大角度操纵运动仿真[J].汽车工程.1992.4.3～9
[23]阿达姆,措莫托.汽车行驶性能[M].科学普及出版社.1992
[24]Reieher W.Correlation Analysis of Open/Closed loop Data for Objective Assessment ofHandling Characteristics of Cars[J].SAE Paper Series.2001.5.12～19
[25]原田宏.回顾汽车操纵稳定性研究—关于汽车操纵稳定性定量评价的探讨[J].自动车技术.1995.49.45～51
[26]宗长富,郭孔辉.汽车操纵稳定性的研究与评价[J].汽车技术.2000.6.18～31
[27]雷雨成.汽车系统动力学及仿真[M].国防工业出版社.1997
[28]宗长富,郭孔辉.汽车操纵稳定性的客观定量评价指标[J].吉林工业大学自然科学学报.2000.1.18～22
[29]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法.北京.国家质检总局.1994
[30]国家质检总局.QC/T480.1999.汽车操纵稳定性指标限值与评价方法.北京.国家质检总局.1999
[31]王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西北工业大学出版社.2002
[32]梅奋永.基于虚拟样机技术的汽车操纵稳定性仿真研究[D].合肥.合肥工业大学.2005
[33]李军.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京理工大学出版社.2002
[34]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].机械工业出版社.2002
[35]陈立平,张云清.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].清华大学出版社.2005
[36]邬勇民.基于虚拟样机技术的悬架优化及汽车平顺性仿真[D].南京.南京航空航天大学.2007
[37]李军,刑俊文,覃文洁.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京理工大学出版社.2002
[38]张建辉.基于ADAMS的汽车操纵稳定性研究[D].西安.长安大学学.2008
[39]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.2.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向瞬态响应试验(转向盘转角阶跃输入).北京.国家质检总局.1994
[40]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.3.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向瞬态响应试验(转向盘转角脉冲输入).北京.国家质检总局.1994
[41]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.1.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法蛇形试验.北京.国家质检总局.1994
[42]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.5.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向轻便性试验.北京.国家质检总局.1994
[43]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.4.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法转向回正性能试验.北京.国家质检总局.1994
[44]国家质检总局.GB/T6323.6.1994.汽车操纵稳定性试验方法稳态回转试验.北京.国家质检总局.1994