冲击荷载下深水基础的稳定性能研究
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摘要
深水基础的施工工艺研究是一个涉及多学科的难题,对于坐落于高岩质边坡的桥梁深水基础而言,复杂的地质条件已经要求了需要对诸如岩石天然结构、水流作用等因素做出相应的研究和讨论。在实际的工程应用中,重大水利工程爆破施工或大型机械的动力作用对岩土边坡的稳定性问题;行车荷载产生的桥梁耦合作用对水下基础产生的局部稳定影响都要求对处于高岩质边坡和深水环境下的桥梁基础在动荷载作用下的力学行为进行深入的理论、数值和实验研究。
本文主要围绕在桥梁深水基础钻孔过程中,巨大冲击荷载的作用结合深水静水压力对所在高岩质边坡的稳定性和孔壁及其周围岩体的局部稳定性影响进行展开研究。文中首先分别介绍了基于极限平衡法和基于应力变形理论的有限元强度折减法的岩质边坡静力稳定理论。结合此理论,对襄渝二线流水河大桥南岸岩质边坡进行了数值模拟并给出了稳定安全系数。其次从岩石体动本构模型的选取、冲击振动的简化理论和应力波在岩石体中的传播等方面介绍了冲击动力学的基本理论。最后仍以襄渝二线流水河大桥南岸岩质边坡为例,采用显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA分析大直径灌注桩孔在成孔过程中冲击荷载的影响,从落锤高度、打入深度、冲击次数等多方面因素加以考虑,并根据应力水平、质点振动速率等评价指标得出在一定冲击条件下的岩石边坡的影响程度,从而总结出相关的施工防护措施,为大直径灌注桩成孔过程中相关机具的选择和合适的施工工艺顺序提供了参考。同时也从钻孔过程对孔壁岩石体塑性区的开展情况出发,为合理布置桩距做出相应的理论支持。最后结合拟静力和动力两种分析方法,简单总结了各自的差异和共同点,为今后在这方面的研究打下基础。
The research of construct technics of deep-water foundation is one of the marginal problem. For a bridge deep-water foundation which local in high rock slope, some complex geologic condition such as the rock structure and water force should give the corresponding discussion. In practical engineering, reasonable solution of some important and key problem in common, such as the stability of side slope in the explosion of water conservation construction or vibration by large machine; the local stability problem existed in water foundation which from coupling vibration between bridge and vehicle etc., require the thoroughly research on the foundation dynamic mechanics of deep-water and high rock slope under impacting loading from the theories, numerical simulations and experiments.
This thesis mainly studied for the stability of high rock slope and jetting of pile forcing by an large impact load combine with hydrostatic uplift when the bridge deep-water foundation was constructed. Firstly the statics stability theory based on the method of limit equilibrium and strength reduction finite element method is been introduced, the safe coefficient in rock slope sited in Liushui river(xiangyuⅡline) is given after numerical simulations. Then the base theory in impact dynamics including the choice of rock dynamics constitutive, impact vibrate theory and something about stress wave transmit in rocks been expounded. The influence exist in foundation when force by hydrostatic uplift is also introduced. Finally using the explicit dynamics finite element software—LS-DYNA to analysis the influence from impact load when in the process of large diameter pile hole. The consider factor including the high of sinker, drill deeper and the number of impact, and then get the conclusion about the slope effect by impact load base on some factor such as stress level and the vibrate velocity of particle. Given the reference in the choice of mechanism and technics process when an large bored pile was being constructed. Also we can build an foundation in this field through the compare between static and dynamics in the future.
本文主要围绕在桥梁深水基础钻孔过程中,巨大冲击荷载的作用结合深水静水压力对所在高岩质边坡的稳定性和孔壁及其周围岩体的局部稳定性影响进行展开研究。文中首先分别介绍了基于极限平衡法和基于应力变形理论的有限元强度折减法的岩质边坡静力稳定理论。结合此理论,对襄渝二线流水河大桥南岸岩质边坡进行了数值模拟并给出了稳定安全系数。其次从岩石体动本构模型的选取、冲击振动的简化理论和应力波在岩石体中的传播等方面介绍了冲击动力学的基本理论。最后仍以襄渝二线流水河大桥南岸岩质边坡为例,采用显式动力分析软件LS-DYNA分析大直径灌注桩孔在成孔过程中冲击荷载的影响,从落锤高度、打入深度、冲击次数等多方面因素加以考虑,并根据应力水平、质点振动速率等评价指标得出在一定冲击条件下的岩石边坡的影响程度,从而总结出相关的施工防护措施,为大直径灌注桩成孔过程中相关机具的选择和合适的施工工艺顺序提供了参考。同时也从钻孔过程对孔壁岩石体塑性区的开展情况出发,为合理布置桩距做出相应的理论支持。最后结合拟静力和动力两种分析方法,简单总结了各自的差异和共同点,为今后在这方面的研究打下基础。
The research of construct technics of deep-water foundation is one of the marginal problem. For a bridge deep-water foundation which local in high rock slope, some complex geologic condition such as the rock structure and water force should give the corresponding discussion. In practical engineering, reasonable solution of some important and key problem in common, such as the stability of side slope in the explosion of water conservation construction or vibration by large machine; the local stability problem existed in water foundation which from coupling vibration between bridge and vehicle etc., require the thoroughly research on the foundation dynamic mechanics of deep-water and high rock slope under impacting loading from the theories, numerical simulations and experiments.
This thesis mainly studied for the stability of high rock slope and jetting of pile forcing by an large impact load combine with hydrostatic uplift when the bridge deep-water foundation was constructed. Firstly the statics stability theory based on the method of limit equilibrium and strength reduction finite element method is been introduced, the safe coefficient in rock slope sited in Liushui river(xiangyuⅡline) is given after numerical simulations. Then the base theory in impact dynamics including the choice of rock dynamics constitutive, impact vibrate theory and something about stress wave transmit in rocks been expounded. The influence exist in foundation when force by hydrostatic uplift is also introduced. Finally using the explicit dynamics finite element software—LS-DYNA to analysis the influence from impact load when in the process of large diameter pile hole. The consider factor including the high of sinker, drill deeper and the number of impact, and then get the conclusion about the slope effect by impact load base on some factor such as stress level and the vibrate velocity of particle. Given the reference in the choice of mechanism and technics process when an large bored pile was being constructed. Also we can build an foundation in this field through the compare between static and dynamics in the future.
引文
[1]陈祖煜,汪小刚等,岩质边坡稳定分析—原理方法程序,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005,373 ~ 408
[2]张鸿,刘先鹏,特大型桥梁深水高桩承台基础施工技术,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005,3 ~5
[3]郑颖人,沈珠江,龚晓南,广义塑性力学-岩土塑性力学原理,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002,61~72
[4]许谨,郑书英,边界元法分析边坡动态稳定性,西北建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2000,17(4),72~75
[5]沈珠江,理论土力学,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000,103~105
[6]钱胜国,陆秋蓉,长江三峡船闸高边坡地震稳定性分析,武汉:长江科学院研究报告,1991,174~175
[7]何蕴龙,陆述远,岩石边坡地震作用近似计算方法,岩土工程学报,1998,16(3):1~3
[8]薛守义,刘汉东,岩体工程学科性质透视。郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002,3~5
[9]俞茂宏,M.Yoshimine,强洪夫等,强度理论的发展和展望,工程力学,2004,
[10] Timoshento S P. History of strength of materials.New york:McGraw·Hill,1953
[11]俞茂宏,吉朔充俊,范文等,岩土工程结构强度理论研究,中国岩石力学与工程学会第七次学术大会论文集,北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002,27~32
[12]潘昌实主编,隧道力学数值方法,北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
[13]咎月稳,吉箱充俊,俞茂宏等,岩石强度理论与岩石强度试验的关系,中国岩石力学与工程学会第七次学术大会论文集,北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002:117~120
[14]地基动力特性测试规范,GB/T50269·97,中华人民共和国国家标准,北京:中国标准出版社,1994-11-01
[15]刘立平,雷尊宇,周富春,地震边坡稳定分析方法综述,重庆交通学院学报,2001
[16] Kramer S.L ,Geotechnical Earthquake Enginccring,Newjersey: prentice·Halllnc, USA,1996
[17]罗伯特.L,威格尔主编,中国地震局工程力学研究所译,地震工程学,北京:科学出版社,1978,63~65
[18]张克绪,谢君斐,土动力学,北京:地震出版社,1989,97~99
[19] Ncwmark.N.M, Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnical,1965,15(2),139~160
[20] Clough .R. W. and Chopra .A.K,Earthquake stress analysis in earth dams. Engry Mech,ASCE,1966,92(EM2),97~121
[21]刘红帅,薄景山,岩土边坡地震稳定性分析研究评述阴,地震工程与工程振动,2005
[22] Lin J.S,Whitman. R, Earthquake induced displacements of sliding blocks, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1986,112(1):44~59
[23] Hisakzusakai,Sumiosawada,KenzoToki, Structure Considering Tensile Fai1ure, 12WCEE,2000,Paper NO,678
[24]徐建平,谢伟平,白冰,随机地震作用下土坡的永久变形研究,武汉理工大学学报,2002,24(9):55~58.
[25]黄腾威,地震作用下土坡长期稳定可靠度分析,福建建设科技:2003(2),8~9
[26] Duncan J.L, Limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1996,122(7),577~596
[27]张社荣,彭敏瑞,董绍尧,岩质边瑗稳定牲分析方法及工程应用,中国农村水利水电,2007,1~3
[28]陈祖煜,汪小刚等,岩质边坡稳定分析—原理方法程序,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005,701~738
[29]赵尚毅,郑颖人,张玉芬,极限分析有限元讲座—Ⅱ有限元强度折减法边坡失稳的判据讨论,岩土力学,2005,26(2),332~336
[30]郑颖人,陈祖煜等,边坡与滑坡工程治理,北京:人民交通出版社,2007,196~204
[31]武亚军,基于塑性区开展评判边坡稳定性的强度折减弹塑性有限元法,2004,年岩土力学会议论文集,654~656
[32]谢和平,岩石力学,北京:科学出版社,2004,45~59
[33]于亚伦,岩石动力学,北京:北京科技大学出版社,1990
[34] LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual Version 970, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 2003
[35]环小丰,损伤围岩中爆炸应力波传播规律的数值模拟研究,北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2005
[36] Livermore Software Technology Corporation,LS-DYNA Theoretical Manual,Livermore Software Technology Corporation,1998
[37] Holmquist T,Johnson G,Cook W.A Computational Constitutive Model for Concrete Subjected to Large Strains,High Strain Rates and High Pressures,14th Int Syrup Ballistics,1995:591~600
[38]徐健,建筑振动工作手册,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002,768~769
[39]宋守志,固体介质中的应力波,北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989
[40]日本海洋架桥调查会,《海峡横断》,1998.8,vol 13
[41]中铁十八局,流水河右线大桥实施性施工组织设计,天津:2006
[42]徐健,建筑振动工作手册,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002,774~775
[43] Jiang Z L, Zhu Z X , Li Y C, An approximate theory for stress wave induced axisymmetric buckling of an elastic thin cylindrical shell, Pro. 2nd Int.Symp, Intense Dynamic Loading and its Effects, Chengdu, China, 1992:538~542
[44] Jie Min, Han Minbao, Wang Ren, Effect of waves on the dynamic buckling of along column under axial impact, Proc. of the Int. Symp,On Intense Dynamic loading and Its Effects, Chengdu, China, June(1992),511~514
[45]尚晓江,苏建宇,ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[46]李裕春,时党勇,赵远,ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[47]董鹏,高桩深水基础桩基护筒施工动态仿真技术研究,天津大学硕士学位论文,2007
[2]张鸿,刘先鹏,特大型桥梁深水高桩承台基础施工技术,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005,3 ~5
[3]郑颖人,沈珠江,龚晓南,广义塑性力学-岩土塑性力学原理,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002,61~72
[4]许谨,郑书英,边界元法分析边坡动态稳定性,西北建筑工程学院学报(自然科学版),2000,17(4),72~75
[5]沈珠江,理论土力学,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000,103~105
[6]钱胜国,陆秋蓉,长江三峡船闸高边坡地震稳定性分析,武汉:长江科学院研究报告,1991,174~175
[7]何蕴龙,陆述远,岩石边坡地震作用近似计算方法,岩土工程学报,1998,16(3):1~3
[8]薛守义,刘汉东,岩体工程学科性质透视。郑州:黄河水利出版社,2002,3~5
[9]俞茂宏,M.Yoshimine,强洪夫等,强度理论的发展和展望,工程力学,2004,
[10] Timoshento S P. History of strength of materials.New york:McGraw·Hill,1953
[11]俞茂宏,吉朔充俊,范文等,岩土工程结构强度理论研究,中国岩石力学与工程学会第七次学术大会论文集,北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002,27~32
[12]潘昌实主编,隧道力学数值方法,北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
[13]咎月稳,吉箱充俊,俞茂宏等,岩石强度理论与岩石强度试验的关系,中国岩石力学与工程学会第七次学术大会论文集,北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002:117~120
[14]地基动力特性测试规范,GB/T50269·97,中华人民共和国国家标准,北京:中国标准出版社,1994-11-01
[15]刘立平,雷尊宇,周富春,地震边坡稳定分析方法综述,重庆交通学院学报,2001
[16] Kramer S.L ,Geotechnical Earthquake Enginccring,Newjersey: prentice·Halllnc, USA,1996
[17]罗伯特.L,威格尔主编,中国地震局工程力学研究所译,地震工程学,北京:科学出版社,1978,63~65
[18]张克绪,谢君斐,土动力学,北京:地震出版社,1989,97~99
[19] Ncwmark.N.M, Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnical,1965,15(2),139~160
[20] Clough .R. W. and Chopra .A.K,Earthquake stress analysis in earth dams. Engry Mech,ASCE,1966,92(EM2),97~121
[21]刘红帅,薄景山,岩土边坡地震稳定性分析研究评述阴,地震工程与工程振动,2005
[22] Lin J.S,Whitman. R, Earthquake induced displacements of sliding blocks, Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1986,112(1):44~59
[23] Hisakzusakai,Sumiosawada,KenzoToki, Structure Considering Tensile Fai1ure, 12WCEE,2000,Paper NO,678
[24]徐建平,谢伟平,白冰,随机地震作用下土坡的永久变形研究,武汉理工大学学报,2002,24(9):55~58.
[25]黄腾威,地震作用下土坡长期稳定可靠度分析,福建建设科技:2003(2),8~9
[26] Duncan J.L, Limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes.Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1996,122(7),577~596
[27]张社荣,彭敏瑞,董绍尧,岩质边瑗稳定牲分析方法及工程应用,中国农村水利水电,2007,1~3
[28]陈祖煜,汪小刚等,岩质边坡稳定分析—原理方法程序,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005,701~738
[29]赵尚毅,郑颖人,张玉芬,极限分析有限元讲座—Ⅱ有限元强度折减法边坡失稳的判据讨论,岩土力学,2005,26(2),332~336
[30]郑颖人,陈祖煜等,边坡与滑坡工程治理,北京:人民交通出版社,2007,196~204
[31]武亚军,基于塑性区开展评判边坡稳定性的强度折减弹塑性有限元法,2004,年岩土力学会议论文集,654~656
[32]谢和平,岩石力学,北京:科学出版社,2004,45~59
[33]于亚伦,岩石动力学,北京:北京科技大学出版社,1990
[34] LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual Version 970, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 2003
[35]环小丰,损伤围岩中爆炸应力波传播规律的数值模拟研究,北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2005
[36] Livermore Software Technology Corporation,LS-DYNA Theoretical Manual,Livermore Software Technology Corporation,1998
[37] Holmquist T,Johnson G,Cook W.A Computational Constitutive Model for Concrete Subjected to Large Strains,High Strain Rates and High Pressures,14th Int Syrup Ballistics,1995:591~600
[38]徐健,建筑振动工作手册,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002,768~769
[39]宋守志,固体介质中的应力波,北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989
[40]日本海洋架桥调查会,《海峡横断》,1998.8,vol 13
[41]中铁十八局,流水河右线大桥实施性施工组织设计,天津:2006
[42]徐健,建筑振动工作手册,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002,774~775
[43] Jiang Z L, Zhu Z X , Li Y C, An approximate theory for stress wave induced axisymmetric buckling of an elastic thin cylindrical shell, Pro. 2nd Int.Symp, Intense Dynamic Loading and its Effects, Chengdu, China, 1992:538~542
[44] Jie Min, Han Minbao, Wang Ren, Effect of waves on the dynamic buckling of along column under axial impact, Proc. of the Int. Symp,On Intense Dynamic loading and Its Effects, Chengdu, China, June(1992),511~514
[45]尚晓江,苏建宇,ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力分析方法与工程实例,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005
[46]李裕春,时党勇,赵远,ANSYS10.0/LS-DYNA基础理论与工程实践,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[47]董鹏,高桩深水基础桩基护筒施工动态仿真技术研究,天津大学硕士学位论文,2007