三相电压型PWM整流技术的研究
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摘要
由于常规的整流环节采用不可控整流或者相控整流方式,使整流器对电网造成了严重的“污染”。随着“绿色能源”的提出,人们对电网主要“污染”源的整流器展开了大量的研究工作,并将PWM技术引入到整流器中,使整流器网侧实现电流波形正弦化,且可运行于单位功率因数,即PWM整流器。
本文首先介绍了课题研究的背景和PWM整流器的研究现状,给出了课题研究的目的、意义及主要内容;通过对三相电压型PWM整流器主电路拓扑结构的介绍和分析,确定以三相半桥电压型PWM整流器作为本文研究对象,然后推导出该主电路在三相静止(a,b,c)坐标系和两相(d,q)旋转坐标系下的数学模型;采用SVPWM(空间电压矢量脉宽调制)技术,结合电压、电流双闭环解耦控制策略,实现了基于SVPWM的三相电压型PWM整流器的电流解耦控制。
其次,在理论分析的基础上完成了三相电压型PWM整流器控制系统的硬件设计和软件设计。硬件设计有:主电路中交流侧电感和直流侧电容的设计以及功率开关管的选取;控制电路中主控芯片的选择、交流电压和电流检测电路、驱动电路和保护电路的设计。软件设计有:主程序流程的设计、软件锁相环的设计、一阶数字滤波器的软件设计和SVPWM的软件实现。
最后,在MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件中对三相电压型PWM整流器进行仿真建模,研究了功率为6kW的三相电压型PWM整流器控制系统,并给出了仿真结果;搭建了三相电压型PWM整流器的硬件实验平台,进行实验研究,得到了实验波形。
通过仿真研究和实验波形说明了本文设计的三相电压型PWM整流器具有功率因数高、直流电压稳定及较好的稳态和动态性能。
Rectifier caused grid serious "pollution" due to general links of rectifier used non-controllable rectifier or phase-controlled rectifier mode. With "green energy" being proposed, people started to do lots of research work in rectifier which is the major power "pollution" source, and the PWM technology was introduced to the rectifier which achieved sinusoidal current waveform in rectifier’s AC-side and could be run at unity power factor, that is, PWM rectifier.
Firstly, the research background and the status of PWM rectifier are introduced in this dissertation, and gave the purpose, significance and main content of this research. Through the main circuit topology of the description and analysis of the three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier, the three-phase half-bridge voltage-type PWM rectifier was made as this object of study, and then the main circuit mathematical model in the three-phase static (a, b, c) coordinates and two-phase (d, q) rotating coordinates would be deduced. Using SVPWM (space voltage vector pulse-width modulation) technology which combined with voltage, current double closed-loop decoupling control strategy, the current decoupling control based on three-phase SVPWM voltage-type PWM rectifier was implemented.
Secondly, the three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier control system is completed based on the theoretical analysis. Hardware design includes the design of the main circuit in the AC-side inductance, the DC-side capacitor and the selection of power switch; the choice of the master chip in the control circuit, and the design of the AC voltage and current sensing circuit, drive circuit and protection circuit. Software design includes the design of the main program and software PLL, the design of first-order digital filter software and software implementation of SVPWM.
Finally, conducted the simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink simulation software for three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifiers to study the power of 6kW three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier control system and get the results; set up three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier hardware experimental platform to conduct experimental research which got experimental waveforms.
Through the research of the simulation and experimental waveforms, the results showed that the three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier had the power higher factor, DC voltage stability, better steady-state and dynamic performance.
本文首先介绍了课题研究的背景和PWM整流器的研究现状,给出了课题研究的目的、意义及主要内容;通过对三相电压型PWM整流器主电路拓扑结构的介绍和分析,确定以三相半桥电压型PWM整流器作为本文研究对象,然后推导出该主电路在三相静止(a,b,c)坐标系和两相(d,q)旋转坐标系下的数学模型;采用SVPWM(空间电压矢量脉宽调制)技术,结合电压、电流双闭环解耦控制策略,实现了基于SVPWM的三相电压型PWM整流器的电流解耦控制。
其次,在理论分析的基础上完成了三相电压型PWM整流器控制系统的硬件设计和软件设计。硬件设计有:主电路中交流侧电感和直流侧电容的设计以及功率开关管的选取;控制电路中主控芯片的选择、交流电压和电流检测电路、驱动电路和保护电路的设计。软件设计有:主程序流程的设计、软件锁相环的设计、一阶数字滤波器的软件设计和SVPWM的软件实现。
最后,在MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件中对三相电压型PWM整流器进行仿真建模,研究了功率为6kW的三相电压型PWM整流器控制系统,并给出了仿真结果;搭建了三相电压型PWM整流器的硬件实验平台,进行实验研究,得到了实验波形。
通过仿真研究和实验波形说明了本文设计的三相电压型PWM整流器具有功率因数高、直流电压稳定及较好的稳态和动态性能。
Rectifier caused grid serious "pollution" due to general links of rectifier used non-controllable rectifier or phase-controlled rectifier mode. With "green energy" being proposed, people started to do lots of research work in rectifier which is the major power "pollution" source, and the PWM technology was introduced to the rectifier which achieved sinusoidal current waveform in rectifier’s AC-side and could be run at unity power factor, that is, PWM rectifier.
Firstly, the research background and the status of PWM rectifier are introduced in this dissertation, and gave the purpose, significance and main content of this research. Through the main circuit topology of the description and analysis of the three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier, the three-phase half-bridge voltage-type PWM rectifier was made as this object of study, and then the main circuit mathematical model in the three-phase static (a, b, c) coordinates and two-phase (d, q) rotating coordinates would be deduced. Using SVPWM (space voltage vector pulse-width modulation) technology which combined with voltage, current double closed-loop decoupling control strategy, the current decoupling control based on three-phase SVPWM voltage-type PWM rectifier was implemented.
Secondly, the three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier control system is completed based on the theoretical analysis. Hardware design includes the design of the main circuit in the AC-side inductance, the DC-side capacitor and the selection of power switch; the choice of the master chip in the control circuit, and the design of the AC voltage and current sensing circuit, drive circuit and protection circuit. Software design includes the design of the main program and software PLL, the design of first-order digital filter software and software implementation of SVPWM.
Finally, conducted the simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink simulation software for three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifiers to study the power of 6kW three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier control system and get the results; set up three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier hardware experimental platform to conduct experimental research which got experimental waveforms.
Through the research of the simulation and experimental waveforms, the results showed that the three-phase voltage-type PWM rectifier had the power higher factor, DC voltage stability, better steady-state and dynamic performance.
引文
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[8] Wu R, Dewan S B, Slemon G R.Analysis of an ac to dc voltage source converter using PWM with Phase and amp1itude control[J]. IEEE Trans Ind APPI,1991,27:355-364.
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[25] Boon Teck Ooi,XiaoWang.Voltage angle look loop control of the boost type PWM converter for HVDC application[J]. IEEE Trans Power Electronics,1990,5(2):229-235.
[26]熊健,张凯,陈坚.PWM整流器的控制工程化设计方法[J].电工电能新技术,2002,21(2):44-48.
[27]宋文胜,刘志敏,冯晓云.四象限变流器控制策略研究与仿真[J].电力机车与城轨车辆,2007,30(2):34-37.
[28]金红元,邹云屏,林磊,等.三电平PWM整流器双环控制技术及中点电压平衡控制技术的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(20):64-68.
[29]许广锡,陈报生.新型多电平多电压制高压大功率变换器应用技术的研讨.见:第九届全国电气自动化电控系统学术年会论文集.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[30] Zhongchao Zhang , Boon Teck Ooi.Multimodular current-sourse SPWM converters for superconducting amagnetic energy storage system[J]. IEEE Trans Power Electronic,1993,8(3):250-255.
[31]董晓鹏,王兆安. PWM整流器直流电压对电源控制的影响[J].电力电子技术,1998,13(3):7-11.
[32]马皓,郎芸萍.空间矢量简化算法在三相PWM电压型整流器中的应用[J].浙江大学学报,2006,40(1):176-180.
[33] Zeliang Shu.An efficient SVPWM Algorithm with Low Computational Overhead for Three-Phase Inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics(S0885-8993),2007,22(5):1797-1805.
[34] Yu Fang, Yan Xing, Yuwen Hu. A Fast Algorithm for SVPWM in Three-Phase Power Factor Correction Application [C].IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004:976-979.
[35] Vincenti D,Jin H.A three phase regulated PWM rectifier with on-line feadforward input unbalance correction[J]. IEEE Trans Ind Electron,1994,32(6):526-532.
[36]曹世华.三相电压型空间矢量PWM整流器的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2008:35-43.
[37]吕保良.基于DSP的三相电压型PWM整流器的设计[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2007:37-40.
[38]于相旭,熊宇.三相电压型低谐波PWM整流器主电路参数间的关系[J].电气传动,2003,11(5):19-24.
[39] STUMBERGER B, HAMLER A. Analysis of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Designed for Flux Wakening Operation[J].2001, 37(5):36-47.
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[2]林渭勋.现代电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:2-7.
[3] Carlos Henrique Illa Front, Ivo Barbi. A New High Power Factor Bidirectional Hybrid Three-Phase Rectifier[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2006,36(8):1300-1306.
[4]徐嘉鹏.三相电压型PWM整流器控制策略的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007:1-2.
[5]苏玉刚,陈渝光.电力电子技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,2003: 3-7.
[6] Helmut Kohlmeier , Olaf Niermeyer , and Oierk F.schrAoder , Highly dynamic four-quadrant ac motor drive with improved Power factor and on-1ine optimized pulse pattern with prome[J]. IEEE Transactions on industry Applieations, 2003,2(36): 1001-1009.
[7]赵振波.三相电压型PWM整流器及其控制策略研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2002:7-15.
[8] Wu R, Dewan S B, Slemon G R.Analysis of an ac to dc voltage source converter using PWM with Phase and amp1itude control[J]. IEEE Trans Ind APPI,1991,27:355-364.
[9] Wu R,Dewan S B,Slemon G B.A PWM AC-to-DC converter with fixed switching frequeney[J]. IEEE Trans Ind APPI,1990,26:880-885.
[10] Chun T Rim,Dong Y Hu,Gyu Heho.Transformers as equrvalent circuits for switches:General Proofs and D-Q Transformation-Based Analyses[J].IEEE Trans Ind Appl,1990,26(4):777-785.
[11] Hengehun Mao,Dushan Boroyerieh,Fred C Y Lee.Novel reduced-order small signal model of a three-phase PWM rectifier and its applieation in control design and system analysis[J]. IEEE Trans Power Electronies,1998,13(3):511-521.
[12] Vineenti D,Jin H.A three phase regulated PWM rectifier with on-line feadforward input unbalance correction[J]. IEEE Trans Ind Electron,1994,41:526-532.
[13]熊健,张凯,陈坚.PWM整流器的控制工程化设计方法[J].电工电能新技术,2002,21(2):44-48.
[14]李素芳.三相电压型PWM整流器[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2003:4-13.
[15] Kwon B-H,Youm J-H,Lim J-W. Seek K-W,Jeong G-Y. Three-phase PWM synehronous rectifiers without 1ine-voltage sensor[J]. IEEE Proe. Electr Power Appl,1999,146(6):632-636.
[16] Vineenti D,Jin H. A three phase regulated PWM rectifier with on-line feadforward input unbalance correction[J]. IEEE Trans Ind Electron,1994,41:526-532.
[17] Hasa Komureugil,Osman kukrer.Control strategy for single-phase PWM ac/dc voltage-sorce converters based on lyapunov’s direct methed[J]. INT. J. Eleetrnies,2000,87(12):1485-2495.
[18]熊健,张凯,陈坚.PWM整流器的控制工程化设计方法[J].电工电能新技术,2002,21(2):44-48.
[19]张加胜,郝荣泰.一类新型PWM可逆整流器[J].电工技术学报,1998,31(10):37-41.
[20] Ching-TsaiPan,Jenn-JongShieh.Newspace-vector control strategies for three-phase step UP/Down AC/DC converter[J]. IEEE Trans Ind Eleetronies, 2000,47(l):25-35.
[21]王久和.电压型PWM整流器的非线性控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008:1-7.
[22]郑俊,冯晓云,谢望玉,等.单相PWM整流器瞬态电流控制策略的研究[J].电力电子技术,2009,43(12):2-6.
[23] Akagi H,Fujita H.A new Power line conditioner for harmonic compersation in Power systems[J]. IEEE Trans Power Delivery,1995,10(3):1570-1575.
[24] Fujita H,Watanabe Y,Akyi H.Control and analysis of a unified Power flow controller[J]. IEEE/PELSPESC’98,1998,46(3):805-811.
[25] Boon Teck Ooi,XiaoWang.Voltage angle look loop control of the boost type PWM converter for HVDC application[J]. IEEE Trans Power Electronics,1990,5(2):229-235.
[26]熊健,张凯,陈坚.PWM整流器的控制工程化设计方法[J].电工电能新技术,2002,21(2):44-48.
[27]宋文胜,刘志敏,冯晓云.四象限变流器控制策略研究与仿真[J].电力机车与城轨车辆,2007,30(2):34-37.
[28]金红元,邹云屏,林磊,等.三电平PWM整流器双环控制技术及中点电压平衡控制技术的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(20):64-68.
[29]许广锡,陈报生.新型多电平多电压制高压大功率变换器应用技术的研讨.见:第九届全国电气自动化电控系统学术年会论文集.北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[30] Zhongchao Zhang , Boon Teck Ooi.Multimodular current-sourse SPWM converters for superconducting amagnetic energy storage system[J]. IEEE Trans Power Electronic,1993,8(3):250-255.
[31]董晓鹏,王兆安. PWM整流器直流电压对电源控制的影响[J].电力电子技术,1998,13(3):7-11.
[32]马皓,郎芸萍.空间矢量简化算法在三相PWM电压型整流器中的应用[J].浙江大学学报,2006,40(1):176-180.
[33] Zeliang Shu.An efficient SVPWM Algorithm with Low Computational Overhead for Three-Phase Inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics(S0885-8993),2007,22(5):1797-1805.
[34] Yu Fang, Yan Xing, Yuwen Hu. A Fast Algorithm for SVPWM in Three-Phase Power Factor Correction Application [C].IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004:976-979.
[35] Vincenti D,Jin H.A three phase regulated PWM rectifier with on-line feadforward input unbalance correction[J]. IEEE Trans Ind Electron,1994,32(6):526-532.
[36]曹世华.三相电压型空间矢量PWM整流器的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2008:35-43.
[37]吕保良.基于DSP的三相电压型PWM整流器的设计[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2007:37-40.
[38]于相旭,熊宇.三相电压型低谐波PWM整流器主电路参数间的关系[J].电气传动,2003,11(5):19-24.
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