薯渣汁水发酵产单细胞蛋白菌种、工艺优化及动力学研究
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摘要
薯渣是淀粉工业中大量产生的固体废弃物,主要成分有淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素、胶质、蛋白质、氨基酸和无机盐。它有典型胶体的理化特性。汁水来源于两部分,分别是淀粉工业中清洗工段和提取工段的废水。薯渣与汁水含有大量营养成分,无法有效利用,造成环境污染和资源的严重浪费。目前世界范围内蛋白质资源缺乏日益严重,研究开发和应用推广微生物生产单细胞蛋白成为一条重要的途径。
本研究的目的在于(1)治理淀粉工业中薯渣与汁水对环境造成的污染;(2)通过发酵转化薯渣与汁水成为单细胞蛋白饲料,同时完成污染治理。薯渣与汁水混合液态发酵生产细胞蛋白,使用的是混合菌种发酵,发酵使用了自制的5L气升式生物反应器。通过优化得到的最佳菌种组合为短小芽孢杆菌:产朊假丝酵母:黑曲霉:绿色木霉:康氏木霉:哈茨木霉=7:2:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25。经过发酵工艺优化得到最优发酵条件为接种量为千分之一,发酵温度为30℃,通气量为0.1vvm。在最优化条件下,将发酵产品喂食小鼠,结果为:30天后喂食发酵产品的雄鼠体重为34.70g,喂食市售成品鼠粮雄鼠体重为34.44g,两者相近,喂食发酵产品和成品鼠粮的雌性小鼠体重分别为29.75g和28.78g。这些说明了发酵产物替代豆粕作为蛋白饲料是可行的。在最优化条件下进行了动力学分析,细胞团产量(YX/S,g/g)和细胞团产率(QX,g/L h)分别为0.878和0.026,粗蛋白产率(QCP,g/h L)为0.130。
Potato residue, one of the agricultural waste products obtained in high quantities during starch production, contains starch, cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin, proteins, free amino acids and salts. It exhibits physical and physicochemical properties of a typical colloid. The waste water of the starch industry comes from two parts. One for the waste water is generated by cleaning potatoes. The other is from extracting section. Potato residue and the waste water contain a lot of nutrient which cannot be effectively used, and resulting in a serious waste of resources. At present the problem of lack of the protein resources is more and more serious in the worldwide. Thus, it is an important way to development and utilize single cell protein produced by microorganism.
The aims of the current study were to follow:(1) reduce the pollution of potato residue and waste water produced by starch industry to the environment.(2)transfer the potato residue and waste water into cell protein as animal feed though fermentation. Cell protein was produced from the mixture of potato residue and waste water by fermentation with mixed microorganism in an aerated 5-L fermentor.Through optimizing bioprocess variables, the best strain combination was Bacillus pumilus: Candida utilis: Aspergillus niger: Trichoderma viride: Trichoderma koningii: Trichoderma harzianum=7:2:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25.And the best fermentation condition was inoculum concentration at 1‰, temperature at 30℃, and air flow at 0.1vvm. The results of feeding the mouse with the fermentation product at the best fermentation condition showed that the weight of the male mouse fed with the fermentation product was 34.70g after 30 days’feed, which was similar with the weight of the male mouse fed with normal mouse grain at 34.44g .The weight of the female mouse fed with fermentation product and normal mouse grain separately was 29.75g and 28.78g. All of the results indicated that it was feasible that fermentation product could replace soybean as a protein feed. Kinetic analysis at the best fermentation condition showed that the values of cell mass yield (YX/S, g/g) and cell mass productivity(QX, g/L h) were 0.878 and 0.026, and the crud protein productivity(QCP, g/h L) was 0.130.
本研究的目的在于(1)治理淀粉工业中薯渣与汁水对环境造成的污染;(2)通过发酵转化薯渣与汁水成为单细胞蛋白饲料,同时完成污染治理。薯渣与汁水混合液态发酵生产细胞蛋白,使用的是混合菌种发酵,发酵使用了自制的5L气升式生物反应器。通过优化得到的最佳菌种组合为短小芽孢杆菌:产朊假丝酵母:黑曲霉:绿色木霉:康氏木霉:哈茨木霉=7:2:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25。经过发酵工艺优化得到最优发酵条件为接种量为千分之一,发酵温度为30℃,通气量为0.1vvm。在最优化条件下,将发酵产品喂食小鼠,结果为:30天后喂食发酵产品的雄鼠体重为34.70g,喂食市售成品鼠粮雄鼠体重为34.44g,两者相近,喂食发酵产品和成品鼠粮的雌性小鼠体重分别为29.75g和28.78g。这些说明了发酵产物替代豆粕作为蛋白饲料是可行的。在最优化条件下进行了动力学分析,细胞团产量(YX/S,g/g)和细胞团产率(QX,g/L h)分别为0.878和0.026,粗蛋白产率(QCP,g/h L)为0.130。
Potato residue, one of the agricultural waste products obtained in high quantities during starch production, contains starch, cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin, proteins, free amino acids and salts. It exhibits physical and physicochemical properties of a typical colloid. The waste water of the starch industry comes from two parts. One for the waste water is generated by cleaning potatoes. The other is from extracting section. Potato residue and the waste water contain a lot of nutrient which cannot be effectively used, and resulting in a serious waste of resources. At present the problem of lack of the protein resources is more and more serious in the worldwide. Thus, it is an important way to development and utilize single cell protein produced by microorganism.
The aims of the current study were to follow:(1) reduce the pollution of potato residue and waste water produced by starch industry to the environment.(2)transfer the potato residue and waste water into cell protein as animal feed though fermentation. Cell protein was produced from the mixture of potato residue and waste water by fermentation with mixed microorganism in an aerated 5-L fermentor.Through optimizing bioprocess variables, the best strain combination was Bacillus pumilus: Candida utilis: Aspergillus niger: Trichoderma viride: Trichoderma koningii: Trichoderma harzianum=7:2:0.25:0.25:0.25:0.25.And the best fermentation condition was inoculum concentration at 1‰, temperature at 30℃, and air flow at 0.1vvm. The results of feeding the mouse with the fermentation product at the best fermentation condition showed that the weight of the male mouse fed with the fermentation product was 34.70g after 30 days’feed, which was similar with the weight of the male mouse fed with normal mouse grain at 34.44g .The weight of the female mouse fed with fermentation product and normal mouse grain separately was 29.75g and 28.78g. All of the results indicated that it was feasible that fermentation product could replace soybean as a protein feed. Kinetic analysis at the best fermentation condition showed that the values of cell mass yield (YX/S, g/g) and cell mass productivity(QX, g/L h) were 0.878 and 0.026, and the crud protein productivity(QCP, g/h L) was 0.130.
引文
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3王文侠.马铃薯渣酶法水解液制备单细胞蛋白饲料的研究.中国饲料. 2005(6): 33～35.
4 N. Schultz, L. Chang, A. Hauck, et al. Microbial Production of Single-Cell Protein from Deproteinized Whey Concentrates. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2006, 69(5): 515~520.
5冯东勋.味精废水浓缩液发酵生产菌体蛋白饲料研究.食品与发酵工业. 1998, (5): 72~76.
6 M. I. Rajoka. Production of Single Cell Protein through Fermentation of a Perennial Grass Grown on Saline Lands with Cellulomonas biazotea. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2005, 21(3): 207~211.
7 M. I. Rajoka, M. Kiani, S. Khan, et al. Production of Single Cell Protein from Rice Polishings Using Candida utilis. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2004, 20(3): 297~301.
8 F. Mayer, J. O. Hillebrandt. Potato Pulp: Microbiological Characterization, Physical Modifcation, and Application of This Agricultural Waste Product. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 1997, 48: 435~440.
9 T. Y. Wang, Y. H. Wu, C. Y. Jiang, et al. Solid State Fermented Potato Pulp Can Be Used as Poultry Feed. British Poultry Science. 2010, 51(2): 229~234.
10赵萍,张珍.马铃薯渣生料发酵饲料生产.食品与发酵工业. 2001, 27(3): 82~84.
11王文侠,吴耘红,吴红艳,等.马铃薯渣酶法水解液制备单细胞蛋白饲料.食品与机械. 2005, (21): 17~19.
12赵凤敏,李树军,方宪法等.马铃薯薯渣固态发酵制作蛋白饲料的工艺研究.农业机械学报. 2006, 37(8): 49~51.
13赵凤敏,李树君,方宪法,等.中心组合设计法优化马铃薯薯渣固态发酵工艺.农业机械学报. 2006, 37(8): 45~48.
14莫日根,刘卫,王涛.马铃薯淀粉废水的碱式聚合氯化铝处理.内蒙古环境保护. 2001, 12(1): 44~45.
15郑圣坤,唐文浩.马铃薯淀粉废水混凝预处理研究.安徽农业科学. 2007, 35(1): 187~188.
16姚毅,陈学民.混凝法处理马铃薯淀粉废水的研究.广东化工. 2008, 35(3): 56~58.
17陶德录,高正玉,闫维东.马铃薯淀粉废水处理工艺的研究.中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第三届第八次学术研讨会论文集. 2006: 208~212.
18 M. Sugimoto, W. Saito, M. Ooi. The Effects of Urea-Treated Potato Pulp (PP) Ensiled with Beet Pulp or Wheat Bran Pellets to Reduce Moisture of PP and Flake Density of Corn Grain Supplemented with the PP Silage on Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation in Beef Steers. Animal Science Journal. 2010, 81(3): 316~324.
19 L. V. Thomassen, A. S. Meyer. Statistically Designed Optimisation of Enzyme Catalysed Starch Removal from Potato Pulp. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 2010, 46(3~4): 297~303.
20 M. Zunong, T. Tuerhong, M. Okamoto, et al. Effects of a Potato Pulp Silage Supplement on the Composition of Milk Fatty Acids When Fed to Grazing Dairy Cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2009, 152(1~2): 81~91.
21郭雪山,肖玫.单细胞蛋白的应用及其开发前景.中国食物与营养. 2006, (5): 23~24.
22许倩,李宏菊,王秋京.单细胞蛋白的利用.食品工程. 2007, (4): 22~25.
23章练红.世界单细胞蛋白开发利用概况.饲料博览. 1999, 11(2): 24~25.
24 C. H. Zhao, T. Zhang, Z. M. Chi, et al. Single Cell Protein Production from Yacon Extract Using a Highly Thermosensitive and Permeable Mutant of the Marine Yeast Cryptococcus aureus G7a and Its Nutritive Analysis. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. 2010, 33(5): 549~556.
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