十六烷基三甲基氯化铵胶束流变和减阻性能研究
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摘要
本文研究了十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)与水杨酸钠(NaSal)、反式肉桂酸钠(trans-CANa,简称CA)、反式邻氯肉桂酸钠(trans-Ortho-ClCANa,简称OClCA)等反离子形成胶束的过程,着重考察胶束体系的流变性质和减阻性能,获得以下主要结论：
1)在一定的浓度配比下获得CTAC/NaSal粘弹性胶束体系,当CTAC与NaSal的摩尔浓度比在0.6左右时,相对粘度出现最大值,粘弹性胶束体系的结构最强。温度对体系的粘度影响显著,当温度升至50℃时,胶束的粘弹性基本消失。丙三醇可显著降低CTAC/NaSal胶束溶液粘度。
2)以CA和OClCA为新型反离子可分别与CTAC形成粘弹性胶束新体系,具有良好的粘弹性、触变性和剪切变稀性。明确了CA和OClCA对CTAC形成胶束流变性的影响。相同条件下,OClCA与CTAC形成胶束的结构更强。非线性共转Jeffreys本构方程模型可表征上述胶束体系的粘度随剪切速率变化曲线,模拟结果与结果吻合良好。
3)粘弹性CTAC/CA胶束和CTAC/OClCA胶束体系均具有良好的减阻效果,为减阻、胶束新体系。CTAC/CA体系的减阻率随Re的增大出现最大值,其临界雷诺数Recr随着CTAC浓度的增大而增大；当CTAC与CA的摩尔浓度比为5mM/15mM时,在光滑管和粗糙管中的最大减阻率分别为72%和63%。在一定组成下,CTAC/OClCA胶束体系减阻率随Re的增大而增大；当(CTAC与OClCA摩尔浓度比为5mM/10mM和5mM/15mM时,在光滑管和粗糙管中的减阻率可分别达到85%和77%。进一步明确了反离子对减阻效果的影响。
本文研究结果对进一步开展表面活性剂胶束减阻研究提供一定基础。
In this paper, the micellization of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) and counterions, such as sodium salicylate(NaSal), trans-sodium cinnamate (trans-CANa, abbr.CA) and trans-Ortho-Chloro-sodium cinnamate (trans-Ortho-ClCANa, abbr.OCICA) was studied. The rheological properties and drag reducing behaviors of CTAC micelles were investigated. The main conclusions were made as follows.
1) The viscoelastic micelle systems could be formed by CTAC and NaSal in certain conditions. Relative viscosity of CTAC/NaSal solutions appeared a peak value and the structure of viscoelastic micelle system was strongest when the molar ratio of CTAC to NaSal was about 0.6.The effect of temperature on the viscosity curves was significant. When the temperature reached 50℃, the viscoelasticity of micelle disappeared. Relative viscosity of CTAC/NaSal solutions would be greatly decreased by adding glycerol into CTAC/NaSal micelle solutions.
2) The novel viscoelasitic micelle systems could be prepared by mixing CTAC with new counterions CA and OCICA respectively. These micelle systems possessed good properties of shear-thinning, viscoelasticity and thixotropy. The effects of CA and OCICA on the rheology of CTAC micelle solutions were discussed. The micelle structure made of CTAC and OCICA was stronger under the same condition compared with CTAC/CA micelle system. The non-linear co-rotational Jeffreys model was applied to describe the viscosity curves of the above micelle systems.The results showed that the calculated values were in good agreement with the experimental data.
3) Both CTAC/CA and CTAC/OClCA viscoelastic micelle systems possessed good drag reducing behaviors and were proved to be novel drag reduction micelle systems. The results indicated that drag reduction rate for CTAC/CA micelle appeared a maximum value with the increase of Reynolds number. The critical Reynolds number (Recr) increases with the increase of CTAC concentration. When the molar ratio of CTAC to CA was 5mM/15mM, the maximum drag reduction rates were 72%in smooth pipe and 63%in rough pipe respectively. For the CTAC/OClCA micelle systems, when the molar ratios of CTAC to OCICA were 5mM/10mM and 5mM/15mM, the drag reduction rate could acheieve 85%in smooth pipe and 77%in rough pipe respectively. The Effect of counterions on the drag reduction was further illustrated.
The studies in this paper can provide good basis for the future study of surfactant drag reduction.
1)在一定的浓度配比下获得CTAC/NaSal粘弹性胶束体系,当CTAC与NaSal的摩尔浓度比在0.6左右时,相对粘度出现最大值,粘弹性胶束体系的结构最强。温度对体系的粘度影响显著,当温度升至50℃时,胶束的粘弹性基本消失。丙三醇可显著降低CTAC/NaSal胶束溶液粘度。
2)以CA和OClCA为新型反离子可分别与CTAC形成粘弹性胶束新体系,具有良好的粘弹性、触变性和剪切变稀性。明确了CA和OClCA对CTAC形成胶束流变性的影响。相同条件下,OClCA与CTAC形成胶束的结构更强。非线性共转Jeffreys本构方程模型可表征上述胶束体系的粘度随剪切速率变化曲线,模拟结果与结果吻合良好。
3)粘弹性CTAC/CA胶束和CTAC/OClCA胶束体系均具有良好的减阻效果,为减阻、胶束新体系。CTAC/CA体系的减阻率随Re的增大出现最大值,其临界雷诺数Recr随着CTAC浓度的增大而增大；当CTAC与CA的摩尔浓度比为5mM/15mM时,在光滑管和粗糙管中的最大减阻率分别为72%和63%。在一定组成下,CTAC/OClCA胶束体系减阻率随Re的增大而增大；当(CTAC与OClCA摩尔浓度比为5mM/10mM和5mM/15mM时,在光滑管和粗糙管中的减阻率可分别达到85%和77%。进一步明确了反离子对减阻效果的影响。
本文研究结果对进一步开展表面活性剂胶束减阻研究提供一定基础。
In this paper, the micellization of cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) and counterions, such as sodium salicylate(NaSal), trans-sodium cinnamate (trans-CANa, abbr.CA) and trans-Ortho-Chloro-sodium cinnamate (trans-Ortho-ClCANa, abbr.OCICA) was studied. The rheological properties and drag reducing behaviors of CTAC micelles were investigated. The main conclusions were made as follows.
1) The viscoelastic micelle systems could be formed by CTAC and NaSal in certain conditions. Relative viscosity of CTAC/NaSal solutions appeared a peak value and the structure of viscoelastic micelle system was strongest when the molar ratio of CTAC to NaSal was about 0.6.The effect of temperature on the viscosity curves was significant. When the temperature reached 50℃, the viscoelasticity of micelle disappeared. Relative viscosity of CTAC/NaSal solutions would be greatly decreased by adding glycerol into CTAC/NaSal micelle solutions.
2) The novel viscoelasitic micelle systems could be prepared by mixing CTAC with new counterions CA and OCICA respectively. These micelle systems possessed good properties of shear-thinning, viscoelasticity and thixotropy. The effects of CA and OCICA on the rheology of CTAC micelle solutions were discussed. The micelle structure made of CTAC and OCICA was stronger under the same condition compared with CTAC/CA micelle system. The non-linear co-rotational Jeffreys model was applied to describe the viscosity curves of the above micelle systems.The results showed that the calculated values were in good agreement with the experimental data.
3) Both CTAC/CA and CTAC/OClCA viscoelastic micelle systems possessed good drag reducing behaviors and were proved to be novel drag reduction micelle systems. The results indicated that drag reduction rate for CTAC/CA micelle appeared a maximum value with the increase of Reynolds number. The critical Reynolds number (Recr) increases with the increase of CTAC concentration. When the molar ratio of CTAC to CA was 5mM/15mM, the maximum drag reduction rates were 72%in smooth pipe and 63%in rough pipe respectively. For the CTAC/OClCA micelle systems, when the molar ratios of CTAC to OCICA were 5mM/10mM and 5mM/15mM, the drag reduction rate could acheieve 85%in smooth pipe and 77%in rough pipe respectively. The Effect of counterions on the drag reduction was further illustrated.
The studies in this paper can provide good basis for the future study of surfactant drag reduction.
引文
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