多模式雷达信号产生技术研究
摘要
雷达信号产生技术在雷达系统中具有举足轻重的作用。随着雷达对抗技术的发展,对雷达信号的产生提出了越来越高的要求,雷达信号产生技术也进入了数字化、集成化的高速发展期。采用FPGA和专用正交数字上变频芯片的方式,既可以产生复杂的雷达信号,同时信号的调制以及初级混频均在数字域完成,避免了模拟器件给信号带来的非线性失真的影响。在信号带宽满足系统要求的情况下,这种方式无论在信号产生方面还是工程实现方面都有一定的优势。
本文介绍了雷达中常用的几种信号的产生的理论依据。接着给出了波形产生板各个模块的硬件设计和逻辑设计,通过优化电路设计、电磁分析、电源分析,此波形产生板在硬件的实现上进行了改进。系统测试结果表明,在功耗、稳定性、信噪比和通用性上都符合系统要求。
Radar signal generation techniques in radar systems play an important role. With the development of radar countermeasures techniques, the radar signal’s performance is required to be higher and higher, and the radar signal generation techniques have entered the digital and integrated high-speed development period. The use of FPGA and dedicated quadrature digital upconverter chip approach can not only produce complex radar signals, but also avoid nonlinear distortion that analog devices make an impact on the signal because of the signal modulation and the primary mixer are accomplished in the digital field. In the case where the signal bandwidth meets the system requirements, this method has the advantage both in the terms of signal generation and project implementation.
This paper describes several theoretical basis of signal generation commonly used in radars. Then the paper gives hardware design and logic design of the waveform generation board’s each module. By optimizing the circuit design, electromagnetic analysis, power analysis, the board’s hardware implementation is improved. System test results show that the power consumption, stability, signal to noise ratio and versatility meet the system requirements.
本文介绍了雷达中常用的几种信号的产生的理论依据。接着给出了波形产生板各个模块的硬件设计和逻辑设计,通过优化电路设计、电磁分析、电源分析,此波形产生板在硬件的实现上进行了改进。系统测试结果表明,在功耗、稳定性、信噪比和通用性上都符合系统要求。
Radar signal generation techniques in radar systems play an important role. With the development of radar countermeasures techniques, the radar signal’s performance is required to be higher and higher, and the radar signal generation techniques have entered the digital and integrated high-speed development period. The use of FPGA and dedicated quadrature digital upconverter chip approach can not only produce complex radar signals, but also avoid nonlinear distortion that analog devices make an impact on the signal because of the signal modulation and the primary mixer are accomplished in the digital field. In the case where the signal bandwidth meets the system requirements, this method has the advantage both in the terms of signal generation and project implementation.
This paper describes several theoretical basis of signal generation commonly used in radars. Then the paper gives hardware design and logic design of the waveform generation board’s each module. By optimizing the circuit design, electromagnetic analysis, power analysis, the board’s hardware implementation is improved. System test results show that the power consumption, stability, signal to noise ratio and versatility meet the system requirements.
引文
[1]丁鹭飞,耿富录,雷达原理[M],西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995。
[2]向敬成,张明友,雷达系统[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2001。
[3] YU Xue feng, DAI F F, IRWIN J D, 12GHz 1.9W direct digital synthesizer MMIC implemented in 0.18um SiGe BiCMOS technology [J], IEEE Solid State Circuits, 2008, 43(6):1412-1418.
[4] Donald C. Larson, High Speed Direct Digital Synthesis Techniques And Applications[C], IEEE Annual Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuit Symposium, 1998:209-212.
[5] Adler E. D, Viveiros E A, Ton T, Direct digital synthesis applications for radar development[C], IEEE International Radar Conference, 1995:224-226.
[6]刘夷,宿绍莹,陈曾平,一种宽带雷达回波信号模拟器设计[J],雷达科学与技术,2010,4(2):125-128。
[7]师鹏宇,杨洪丰,王磊,基于AD9858宽带雷达信号源的设计及应用[J],电子设计工程,2010,18(7):220-223。
[8] Jingye Cait, Yishi Yang, Yuanwang Yang, High Performance Waveform Generator Design for Full-Coherent Millimeter-Wave Radar[C], Signal Design and Its Applications in Communication, 2007:378-382.
[9] Foster F. Dai, Dayu Yang, A Low Power 5 GHz Direct Digital Synthesizer Designed In SiGe Technology[C], 2004 Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems, 2004:21-24.
[10] Ernie Chuang, Scott Hensley, Kevin Wheeler, A Highly Capable Arbitrary Waveform Generator for Next Generation Radar Systems[C], IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2006:1617-1623.
[11]马晓岩,向家彬,雷达信号处理[M],湖南:湖南科学技术出版社,2000:1-5。
[12]谢剑,基于NIOS II的多功能雷达信号产生器的研究与实现[D],成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007:5-6。
[13]刘锋昱,基于DDS的雷达信号源的设计与研究[D],西安:西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2009:7-9。
[14]王建军,姒强,吕幼新,多功能雷达信号产生器的设计与实现[J],中国雷达, 2009,6(4):56-59。
[15]缪浦辉,基于DDS的多通道任意波形发生器设计[D],西安:西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2009:37-38。
[16] Altera Corporation, Cyclone Device Handbook[Z], 2005.
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[18]夏宇闻,Verilog数字系统设计教程[M],北京:航空航天大学出版社,2003。
[19] National Semiconductor Corporation, LM1085 3A Low Dropout Positive Regulators[Z], 2005.
[20] Linear Technology Corporation, LT1764A Series 3A, Fast Transient Response, Low Noise, LDO Regulators[Z], 2000.
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[22]丁铁夫,刘超,杨磊等,基于千兆以太网的实时视频传输系统设计[J],网络与通信,2008,24(4):132-134。
[23] Altera, Triple Speed Ethernet Megacore Function User Guide[Z], Version 9.0, 2009.
[24] National Semiconductor Corporation, DP83865 Gig PHYTER 10/100/1000 Ethernet Physical Layer[Z], 2004.
[25]韩红霞,郭劲,曹立华等,基于FPGA的高速视频信息光纤传输方案设计[J],电子器件,2005,28(4):820-822。
[26]黄凤玲,HDMP-1032/1034在高速数据传输中的应用[J],通信与广播电视,2002,(2):28-33。
[27] Agilent Technologies Corporation, Agilent HDMP-1032/1034 Transmitter/ Receiver Chip Set Datasheet[Z], 2000.
[28] Atmel Corporation, 16-megabit 3-volt Only Flash Memory AT49BV160D Datasheet[Z], 2006.
[29] Integrated Silicon Solution Corporation, 1M×16 High-speed Asynchronous CMOS Static Ram with 3.3V Supply IS61WV102416 Datasheet[Z], 2009.
[30]周美丽,刘生春,白宗文,基于AD9957的双通道高速数字调制信号源设计[J],国外电子元器件,2007,15(7):39-41。
[31]于长军,龚勉,基于AD9957的三通道中频模拟信号源[J],雷达科学与技术, 2009,7(4):301-304。
[32]曹义,张春荣,李辉,基于AD9957的多波形雷达信号产生器[J],现代电子技术,2010,5(13):39-41。
[33] Analog Devices Corporation, 1 GSPS Quadrature Digital Upconverter with 18-Bit IQ Data Path and 14-Bit DAC AD9957 Datasheet[Z], 2007.
[2]向敬成,张明友,雷达系统[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2001。
[3] YU Xue feng, DAI F F, IRWIN J D, 12GHz 1.9W direct digital synthesizer MMIC implemented in 0.18um SiGe BiCMOS technology [J], IEEE Solid State Circuits, 2008, 43(6):1412-1418.
[4] Donald C. Larson, High Speed Direct Digital Synthesis Techniques And Applications[C], IEEE Annual Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuit Symposium, 1998:209-212.
[5] Adler E. D, Viveiros E A, Ton T, Direct digital synthesis applications for radar development[C], IEEE International Radar Conference, 1995:224-226.
[6]刘夷,宿绍莹,陈曾平,一种宽带雷达回波信号模拟器设计[J],雷达科学与技术,2010,4(2):125-128。
[7]师鹏宇,杨洪丰,王磊,基于AD9858宽带雷达信号源的设计及应用[J],电子设计工程,2010,18(7):220-223。
[8] Jingye Cait, Yishi Yang, Yuanwang Yang, High Performance Waveform Generator Design for Full-Coherent Millimeter-Wave Radar[C], Signal Design and Its Applications in Communication, 2007:378-382.
[9] Foster F. Dai, Dayu Yang, A Low Power 5 GHz Direct Digital Synthesizer Designed In SiGe Technology[C], 2004 Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems, 2004:21-24.
[10] Ernie Chuang, Scott Hensley, Kevin Wheeler, A Highly Capable Arbitrary Waveform Generator for Next Generation Radar Systems[C], IEEE Aerospace Conference, 2006:1617-1623.
[11]马晓岩,向家彬,雷达信号处理[M],湖南:湖南科学技术出版社,2000:1-5。
[12]谢剑,基于NIOS II的多功能雷达信号产生器的研究与实现[D],成都:电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007:5-6。
[13]刘锋昱,基于DDS的雷达信号源的设计与研究[D],西安:西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2009:7-9。
[14]王建军,姒强,吕幼新,多功能雷达信号产生器的设计与实现[J],中国雷达, 2009,6(4):56-59。
[15]缪浦辉,基于DDS的多通道任意波形发生器设计[D],西安:西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2009:37-38。
[16] Altera Corporation, Cyclone Device Handbook[Z], 2005.
[17]王诚,吴继华,范丽珍等,Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(基础篇)[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2005。
[18]夏宇闻,Verilog数字系统设计教程[M],北京:航空航天大学出版社,2003。
[19] National Semiconductor Corporation, LM1085 3A Low Dropout Positive Regulators[Z], 2005.
[20] Linear Technology Corporation, LT1764A Series 3A, Fast Transient Response, Low Noise, LDO Regulators[Z], 2000.
[21]詹俊鹏,李鹏,基于Altera FPGA的千兆以太网实现方案[J],电子设计工程,2009,17(2):50-52。
[22]丁铁夫,刘超,杨磊等,基于千兆以太网的实时视频传输系统设计[J],网络与通信,2008,24(4):132-134。
[23] Altera, Triple Speed Ethernet Megacore Function User Guide[Z], Version 9.0, 2009.
[24] National Semiconductor Corporation, DP83865 Gig PHYTER 10/100/1000 Ethernet Physical Layer[Z], 2004.
[25]韩红霞,郭劲,曹立华等,基于FPGA的高速视频信息光纤传输方案设计[J],电子器件,2005,28(4):820-822。
[26]黄凤玲,HDMP-1032/1034在高速数据传输中的应用[J],通信与广播电视,2002,(2):28-33。
[27] Agilent Technologies Corporation, Agilent HDMP-1032/1034 Transmitter/ Receiver Chip Set Datasheet[Z], 2000.
[28] Atmel Corporation, 16-megabit 3-volt Only Flash Memory AT49BV160D Datasheet[Z], 2006.
[29] Integrated Silicon Solution Corporation, 1M×16 High-speed Asynchronous CMOS Static Ram with 3.3V Supply IS61WV102416 Datasheet[Z], 2009.
[30]周美丽,刘生春,白宗文,基于AD9957的双通道高速数字调制信号源设计[J],国外电子元器件,2007,15(7):39-41。
[31]于长军,龚勉,基于AD9957的三通道中频模拟信号源[J],雷达科学与技术, 2009,7(4):301-304。
[32]曹义,张春荣,李辉,基于AD9957的多波形雷达信号产生器[J],现代电子技术,2010,5(13):39-41。
[33] Analog Devices Corporation, 1 GSPS Quadrature Digital Upconverter with 18-Bit IQ Data Path and 14-Bit DAC AD9957 Datasheet[Z], 2007.