应激对肉鸡采食量影响及其调节机制
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摘要
本课题利用外源皮质酮导入模式建立长期与急性应激模型,从不同角度研究应激对家禽采食量及能量摄入量的影响,从基因水平上探讨了应激对家禽采食量的调节机制,同时不同饲喂模式对生长前期肉鸡血浆中皮质酮基础水平的影响进行了初步探讨。长期应激对肉鸡采食量的影响
采用日粮中加入皮质酮引起长期应激的方法,同时考虑到生长前期肉鸡和生长后期肉鸡胃肠道容积的差异而引起的采食量的迥异,以及它们在脂肪沉积上的差别,选用高能和低能两种能量水平的日粮,研究长期应激条件下生长前期肉鸡和生长后期肉鸡的采食行为。结果发现,皮质酮处理显著降低各应激组能量利用效率,说明慢性应激条件下能量耗散的增加;显著升高高能日粮应激组生长前期肉鸡日粮采食量和日能量摄取量,对低能日粮应激组生长前期肉鸡日采食量和日能量摄取量无影响,同时皮质酮处理对生长后期肉鸡各应激组日采食量无影响,但日能量摄取量有升高的趋势;皮质酮显著升高各应激组相对累积采食量和相对累积能量摄取量;皮质酮处理显著降低高能日粮应激组生长前期肉鸡下丘脑CRFmRNA表达量,而对低能日粮应激组无影响;显著升高各应激组血浆中瘦素水平。以上结果说明,皮质酮促进肉鸡采食量的提高,提高了肉鸡对能量的摄取;长期应激条件下,生长前期肉鸡有限的胃肠道容积以及体重急剧的下降缩小了生长后期肉鸡的胃肠道容积,掩盖了皮质酮促采食效果。血液循环中高剂量皮质酮“负反馈”抑制肉鸡下丘脑处CRFmRNA表达是促进肉鸡采食最主要的原因,同时必须提供给肉鸡有能力获取较多能量的日粮;长期应激状态下,皮质酮能够削弱瘦素降低采食的能力。
在此基础之上,研究长期应激对生长前期肉鸡葡萄糖或蔗糖摄取的影响。结果表明,皮质酮处理升高应激组生长前期肉鸡葡萄糖饮水重,对蔗糖饮水重无影响,但显著升高应激组生长前期肉鸡蔗糖供能比;同时皮质酮处理对各应激组生长前期肉鸡日采食量和相对累积采食量无影响,但却显著升高了相对累积能量摄取量。由此说明,长期应激条件下,以低能日粮为基础,提高了肉鸡对能量的摄取,只不过较多能量是从饮水中的葡萄糖或蔗糖获取的;同时较多葡萄糖或蔗糖的摄取能够降低生长前期肉鸡对应激的不良反应。
急性应激对肉鸡采食量的影响
右侧脑室注射皮质酮对生长前期肉鸡采食量的影响。研究发现,右侧脑室注射皮质酮促进应激组生长前期肉鸡0-1h内采食量的提高,对1-3h内的采食量无影响,降低应激组1H时生长前期肉鸡下丘脑CRFmRNA表达量,升高血浆中神经肽水平。说明右侧脑室注射皮质酮可以通过“直接抑制”的方式降低下丘脑处CRFmRNA的表达;0-1h内采食量升高是由于CRFmRNA表达受到抑制以及皮质酮诱导血浆神经肽水平升高共同作用的结果;而1-3H内皮质酮逐渐降低,恢复至初期水平,对CRF的抑制逐渐削弱,使得右侧脑室注射皮质酮对生长前期肉鸡1-3h内的采食量无影响。
皮下注射皮质酮对生长前期肉鸡采量的影响。分别选用3日龄和5日龄生长前期肉鸡,皮下注射4mg/kg(体重)皮质酮。结果发现,皮下注射皮质酮对3日龄和5日龄应激组生长前期肉鸡0-1h内的采食量无影响,显著升高1-3h和1-5h内生长前期肉鸡的采食量,降低生长前期肉鸡3H时下丘脑CRFmRNA表达量。结果说明:1-3h内生长前期肉鸡采食量升高是由于皮质酮“负反馈”抑制CRFmRNA表达实现的。同时脑室注射与皮下注射不同时间段采食量的变化差异,受到注射方式所引起的皮质酮浓度高低变化趋势不同,所引发的对CRFmRNA抑制的时间位移差而实现的。不同饲喂模式对生长前期肉鸡皮质酮基础水平的初步探讨
采用高能定量饲喂、低能定量饲喂、高能自由采食及低能自由采食等四种不同饲喂模式,研究其对生长前期肉鸡血液生化指标及皮质酮基础水平的影响。结果表明,自由采食状态下,生长前期肉鸡血浆中各血液生化指标及皮质酮水平处于稳定状态;定量饲喂模式下,生长前期肉鸡血浆中各血液生化指标及呈现出“低—高—低”大体趋势,高能定量饲喂组生长前期肉鸡血浆中皮质酮水平表现出“低—高—低”的波动,而与之相矛盾的是,低能定量饲喂组生长前期肉鸡血浆中皮质酮浓度维持恒定,具体原因尚不清楚,有待于进一步研究;同时本研究表明,长期饲喂高能日粮,具有长期应激效果,诱发胰岛素耐受,提高生长前期肉鸡血浆中皮质酮基础水平。
在此基础之上,研究了定量饲喂状态下,同时提供额外的葡萄糖饮水,对生长前期肉鸡血液生化指标及皮质酮基础水平的影响。结果表明:葡萄糖饮水供给,保持了定量饲喂状态下生长前期肉鸡血液生化指标及皮质酮水平的恒定。
A series of experiments in different aspects were conducted to study the effects of corticosterone on food intake in broilers. Besides CRFmRNA gene expression was conducted to discuss the mechanism of corticosterone on appetite. And different feeding scheme or water with glucose influencing on corticosteone level was also studied.
The effects of long-term dietary administration of corticosterone (CORT) on food intake in broilers were evaluated. Mimiced chronic stress by high energy diet (HED) and low energy diet (LED) supplemented with corticosterone(30mg/kg).Chronic stress decreased energy efficiency in all stressed groups, improved food intake and daily energy intake obviously(P<0.05)in HED stress group of neonatal chicks, not in LED stress group of neonatal chicks.
Chronic stress had no influence on food intake but an increasing tread on daily energy intake in stressed group of growing broilers, while food intake and daily energy intake expressed as relative cumulative food intake and relative cumulative energy intake were increased obviously in all stress groups. Furthermore chronic stress decreased significantly(P<0.05) CRFmRNA gene expression in HED stressed group of neonatal chicks, but not in LED stressed group of neonatal chicks, and increased leptin level in all stressed groups. The results demonstrated corticosterone administration could improve food intake and energy intake in broilers, and the limitation of gastrointestinal tract could cover the effects of corticosteone on food intake in LED stressed groups Appetite increased by corticosterone administration attributed to high dose corticosterone feedback inhibiting on CRFmRNA in circulating and high energy gained in stressed broilers, and corticosterone could weaken the ability of leptin decreasing food intake.
The effects of long-term dietary administration of corticosterone (CORT) on the glucose or sucrose intake in broilers were studied. One half of the experimental chickens were assigned to drink water supplemented with glucose or sucrose, and another half of chicken were supplied with tap water supplemented with saccharin serving as control groups. Chronic stress mimiced by corticosterone increased glucose intake, and had no influence on sucrose intake, but improved significantly energy from sucrose (P<0.05). Contrast with stressed groups supplemented with saccharin, there was no discrepancy on food intake, relative cumulative food intake and daily energy intake, while increased relative cumulative energy intake in stressed groups supplemented with glucose and sucrose. The results showed chronic stress could have a preference for glucose or sucrose.The results also showed more glucose or sucrose intake could resist stress.
ICV or subcutaneous injection corticosterone on food intake in neonatal chicks was evaluated. The results showed ICV corticosterone improved obviously food intake during 0-1H (P<0.05), and had no influence on food intake during 1-3H. ICV corticosterone decreased CRFmRNA gene expression in hypothalamus of neonatal chicks and increased plasm NPY level, which demonstrated CRFmRNA decreased could be achieved through inhibiting directly by ICV corticosterone. Furthermore food intake increased was the results of CRFmRNA decreased and NPY level improved together. And that coricosterone concentration decreased steadily weakened the ablitity of corticosterone inhibiting on CRFmRNA, resulting in food intake indistinctively during 1-3H.
The 3d and 5d ages of neonatal chicks were chosen to subcutaneous corticosterone (4mg/kg). Contrast with control groups, subcutaneous corticosterone had on influence on food intake during 0-1H, but increased obviously food intake during 1-3H or 1-5H in stressed groups(P<0.05), Furthermore CRFmRNA gene expression level in hypothalamus was also decreased in stressed group.The results showed food intake increased could be achieved by corticosterone feedback inhibiting on CRFmRNA. Besides the difference of injection ways between ICV corticosterone and subcutaneous corticosterone resulted in the discrepancy of food intake in time slot.
Different feeding scheme or water with glucose on corticosterone level in neonatal chicks was also studied. The results showed blood index in neonatal chicks under ad libitum kept steadily, while there was a“high- low-high”fluctuating in neonatal chicks under fixed feeding amount, the same with corticosterone under fixed HED feeding amount, but there was no reason that corticosterone kept constantly under fixed LED feeding amount, needed to be explored. The results also showed HED contributed to induce resistance, elevate corticosterone production. Besides under fixed feeding amount, water with glucose supplied, there was a constantly trend on blood index and corticosterone level in neonatal chicks
采用日粮中加入皮质酮引起长期应激的方法,同时考虑到生长前期肉鸡和生长后期肉鸡胃肠道容积的差异而引起的采食量的迥异,以及它们在脂肪沉积上的差别,选用高能和低能两种能量水平的日粮,研究长期应激条件下生长前期肉鸡和生长后期肉鸡的采食行为。结果发现,皮质酮处理显著降低各应激组能量利用效率,说明慢性应激条件下能量耗散的增加;显著升高高能日粮应激组生长前期肉鸡日粮采食量和日能量摄取量,对低能日粮应激组生长前期肉鸡日采食量和日能量摄取量无影响,同时皮质酮处理对生长后期肉鸡各应激组日采食量无影响,但日能量摄取量有升高的趋势;皮质酮显著升高各应激组相对累积采食量和相对累积能量摄取量;皮质酮处理显著降低高能日粮应激组生长前期肉鸡下丘脑CRFmRNA表达量,而对低能日粮应激组无影响;显著升高各应激组血浆中瘦素水平。以上结果说明,皮质酮促进肉鸡采食量的提高,提高了肉鸡对能量的摄取;长期应激条件下,生长前期肉鸡有限的胃肠道容积以及体重急剧的下降缩小了生长后期肉鸡的胃肠道容积,掩盖了皮质酮促采食效果。血液循环中高剂量皮质酮“负反馈”抑制肉鸡下丘脑处CRFmRNA表达是促进肉鸡采食最主要的原因,同时必须提供给肉鸡有能力获取较多能量的日粮;长期应激状态下,皮质酮能够削弱瘦素降低采食的能力。
在此基础之上,研究长期应激对生长前期肉鸡葡萄糖或蔗糖摄取的影响。结果表明,皮质酮处理升高应激组生长前期肉鸡葡萄糖饮水重,对蔗糖饮水重无影响,但显著升高应激组生长前期肉鸡蔗糖供能比;同时皮质酮处理对各应激组生长前期肉鸡日采食量和相对累积采食量无影响,但却显著升高了相对累积能量摄取量。由此说明,长期应激条件下,以低能日粮为基础,提高了肉鸡对能量的摄取,只不过较多能量是从饮水中的葡萄糖或蔗糖获取的;同时较多葡萄糖或蔗糖的摄取能够降低生长前期肉鸡对应激的不良反应。
急性应激对肉鸡采食量的影响
右侧脑室注射皮质酮对生长前期肉鸡采食量的影响。研究发现,右侧脑室注射皮质酮促进应激组生长前期肉鸡0-1h内采食量的提高,对1-3h内的采食量无影响,降低应激组1H时生长前期肉鸡下丘脑CRFmRNA表达量,升高血浆中神经肽水平。说明右侧脑室注射皮质酮可以通过“直接抑制”的方式降低下丘脑处CRFmRNA的表达;0-1h内采食量升高是由于CRFmRNA表达受到抑制以及皮质酮诱导血浆神经肽水平升高共同作用的结果;而1-3H内皮质酮逐渐降低,恢复至初期水平,对CRF的抑制逐渐削弱,使得右侧脑室注射皮质酮对生长前期肉鸡1-3h内的采食量无影响。
皮下注射皮质酮对生长前期肉鸡采量的影响。分别选用3日龄和5日龄生长前期肉鸡,皮下注射4mg/kg(体重)皮质酮。结果发现,皮下注射皮质酮对3日龄和5日龄应激组生长前期肉鸡0-1h内的采食量无影响,显著升高1-3h和1-5h内生长前期肉鸡的采食量,降低生长前期肉鸡3H时下丘脑CRFmRNA表达量。结果说明:1-3h内生长前期肉鸡采食量升高是由于皮质酮“负反馈”抑制CRFmRNA表达实现的。同时脑室注射与皮下注射不同时间段采食量的变化差异,受到注射方式所引起的皮质酮浓度高低变化趋势不同,所引发的对CRFmRNA抑制的时间位移差而实现的。不同饲喂模式对生长前期肉鸡皮质酮基础水平的初步探讨
采用高能定量饲喂、低能定量饲喂、高能自由采食及低能自由采食等四种不同饲喂模式,研究其对生长前期肉鸡血液生化指标及皮质酮基础水平的影响。结果表明,自由采食状态下,生长前期肉鸡血浆中各血液生化指标及皮质酮水平处于稳定状态;定量饲喂模式下,生长前期肉鸡血浆中各血液生化指标及呈现出“低—高—低”大体趋势,高能定量饲喂组生长前期肉鸡血浆中皮质酮水平表现出“低—高—低”的波动,而与之相矛盾的是,低能定量饲喂组生长前期肉鸡血浆中皮质酮浓度维持恒定,具体原因尚不清楚,有待于进一步研究;同时本研究表明,长期饲喂高能日粮,具有长期应激效果,诱发胰岛素耐受,提高生长前期肉鸡血浆中皮质酮基础水平。
在此基础之上,研究了定量饲喂状态下,同时提供额外的葡萄糖饮水,对生长前期肉鸡血液生化指标及皮质酮基础水平的影响。结果表明:葡萄糖饮水供给,保持了定量饲喂状态下生长前期肉鸡血液生化指标及皮质酮水平的恒定。
A series of experiments in different aspects were conducted to study the effects of corticosterone on food intake in broilers. Besides CRFmRNA gene expression was conducted to discuss the mechanism of corticosterone on appetite. And different feeding scheme or water with glucose influencing on corticosteone level was also studied.
The effects of long-term dietary administration of corticosterone (CORT) on food intake in broilers were evaluated. Mimiced chronic stress by high energy diet (HED) and low energy diet (LED) supplemented with corticosterone(30mg/kg).Chronic stress decreased energy efficiency in all stressed groups, improved food intake and daily energy intake obviously(P<0.05)in HED stress group of neonatal chicks, not in LED stress group of neonatal chicks.
Chronic stress had no influence on food intake but an increasing tread on daily energy intake in stressed group of growing broilers, while food intake and daily energy intake expressed as relative cumulative food intake and relative cumulative energy intake were increased obviously in all stress groups. Furthermore chronic stress decreased significantly(P<0.05) CRFmRNA gene expression in HED stressed group of neonatal chicks, but not in LED stressed group of neonatal chicks, and increased leptin level in all stressed groups. The results demonstrated corticosterone administration could improve food intake and energy intake in broilers, and the limitation of gastrointestinal tract could cover the effects of corticosteone on food intake in LED stressed groups Appetite increased by corticosterone administration attributed to high dose corticosterone feedback inhibiting on CRFmRNA in circulating and high energy gained in stressed broilers, and corticosterone could weaken the ability of leptin decreasing food intake.
The effects of long-term dietary administration of corticosterone (CORT) on the glucose or sucrose intake in broilers were studied. One half of the experimental chickens were assigned to drink water supplemented with glucose or sucrose, and another half of chicken were supplied with tap water supplemented with saccharin serving as control groups. Chronic stress mimiced by corticosterone increased glucose intake, and had no influence on sucrose intake, but improved significantly energy from sucrose (P<0.05). Contrast with stressed groups supplemented with saccharin, there was no discrepancy on food intake, relative cumulative food intake and daily energy intake, while increased relative cumulative energy intake in stressed groups supplemented with glucose and sucrose. The results showed chronic stress could have a preference for glucose or sucrose.The results also showed more glucose or sucrose intake could resist stress.
ICV or subcutaneous injection corticosterone on food intake in neonatal chicks was evaluated. The results showed ICV corticosterone improved obviously food intake during 0-1H (P<0.05), and had no influence on food intake during 1-3H. ICV corticosterone decreased CRFmRNA gene expression in hypothalamus of neonatal chicks and increased plasm NPY level, which demonstrated CRFmRNA decreased could be achieved through inhibiting directly by ICV corticosterone. Furthermore food intake increased was the results of CRFmRNA decreased and NPY level improved together. And that coricosterone concentration decreased steadily weakened the ablitity of corticosterone inhibiting on CRFmRNA, resulting in food intake indistinctively during 1-3H.
The 3d and 5d ages of neonatal chicks were chosen to subcutaneous corticosterone (4mg/kg). Contrast with control groups, subcutaneous corticosterone had on influence on food intake during 0-1H, but increased obviously food intake during 1-3H or 1-5H in stressed groups(P<0.05), Furthermore CRFmRNA gene expression level in hypothalamus was also decreased in stressed group.The results showed food intake increased could be achieved by corticosterone feedback inhibiting on CRFmRNA. Besides the difference of injection ways between ICV corticosterone and subcutaneous corticosterone resulted in the discrepancy of food intake in time slot.
Different feeding scheme or water with glucose on corticosterone level in neonatal chicks was also studied. The results showed blood index in neonatal chicks under ad libitum kept steadily, while there was a“high- low-high”fluctuating in neonatal chicks under fixed feeding amount, the same with corticosterone under fixed HED feeding amount, but there was no reason that corticosterone kept constantly under fixed LED feeding amount, needed to be explored. The results also showed HED contributed to induce resistance, elevate corticosterone production. Besides under fixed feeding amount, water with glucose supplied, there was a constantly trend on blood index and corticosterone level in neonatal chicks
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