定向培养三层穗生产水稻光温敏核不育系核心种子技术研究
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摘要
水稻光温敏核不育系群体的不育起点温度会“遗传漂变”逐代升高,导致不育系制种时发生育性波动,甚至导致该不育系失去应用价值。因此,深入研究两用核不育系核心种子生产技术具有重大的理论价值和实际意义。本研究针对人工气候室生产水稻光温敏不育系核心种子的高成本、低数量的问题,提出了一种利用冷水或自然低温处理、通过培育光温敏不育系单株“三层穗”来生产核心种子的方法,并对两个水稻光温敏不育系进行了不同叶龄、不同带蘖秧苗移栽、不同施肥方式试验和培养三层穗生产核心种子试验,以确定定向培养三层穗的技术措施。通过定向培养三层穗,对“三层穗法”生产核心种子的效果进行了检验。主要结果如下:
1.P88S于8叶龄移栽,其后发分蘖远高于4-7叶龄移栽的处理;以单本双苗移栽比单本单苗和单本三苗移栽更有利于培养后期分蘖。准S于6叶龄移栽,其后发分蘖远高于4-5叶龄移栽的处理;以单本单苗移栽比单本双苗和单本三苗移栽更有利于培养后期分蘖。按基肥30%+追肥70%施肥,追肥后P88S和准S群体的分蘖速率均明显高于按基肥50%+追肥50%和按基肥70%+追肥30%施肥的分蘖速率。说明采用大秧龄、单本双苗或单本单苗及适当少施基肥多施追肥的栽培管理方式,能产生较多的后发分蘖,有利于培育核心种子生产所需的第三层穗。
2.采取大秧龄、单本双苗及适当少施基肥多施追肥等定向栽培管理措施,可以使不育系单株不同层次分蘖穗抽穗时期间隔拉大,形成单株抽穗期长的“三层穗”群体。日抽穗率调查结果表明,准S、P88S单株抽穗历期分别为24、19天。对第一层穗进行农艺性状典型性鉴定,可选择标准单株;在育性敏感期以低于不育系育性转换起点温度0.5℃的冷水处理当选单株的第二层穗后,不育系表现育性波动,从群体中可以筛选出染色花粉率为0或1%以内的单株作为核心单株;当选的核心单株经冷水(低于不育系育性转换起点温度约2℃)串灌后的第三层穗,育性表现可育,能正常结实,获得核心种子。
3.不同不育系,其定向栽培的措施不一样。但P88S和准S均可按“三层穗法”生产选择核心种子。该方法可在大田对同一单株在同一地点进行跟踪研究,与人工气候室生产两系不育系核心种子比较,该生产程序具有以下特点:生产成本低;选种圃群体大,可选出更多的核心株,核心种子生产量大;对不育系群体育性表现有更全面充分的认识,选择的核心株准确可靠。故该方法为水稻光温敏核不育系核心种子生产提供了一条可行的新途径。
The critical sterility inducing temperature (CSIT) of photo-thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile (PTGMS) lines in rice may increase gradually in generation because of the 'genetic drift', resulting in the male sterility fluctuation in seed production or even the applied value loss. Therefore, it is very valuable both in theory and practice to study the core-seed production techniques for PTGMS lines intensively. This research advanced a new core-seed production technique which is using cold water or nature low-temperature to process rice PTGMS lines and cultivating three-layer spikes to produce core-seeds for overcoming the high-cost and low grain yield problems by the conventional method of using artificial climate chamber . Transplanting experiments of seedlings with different leaf ages and different tiller numbers and fertilizing experiment were conducted on two rice PTGMS lines to explore the directional cultivation technique for the three-layer-spike method. By directional cultivation of three-layer spikes the effects of core-seed production with 'three-layer-spikes method' were examined. The main results are as follows:
1.The after tillers of P88S transplanted in 8 leaf age are much more than those transplanted in 4-7 leaf age, and transplanting in one plant with two tillers is much easier to cultivate the after tillers than both transplanting in one plant with one tiller and one plant with three tillers. For Zhun S, the after tillers transplanted in 6 leaf age is much more than those transplanted in 4,5 leaf age, and transplanting in one plant with one tiller is much easier to cultivate the after tillers than both transplanting in one plant with two tillers and one plant with three tillers. The tillering rate in 30% basal fertilizer and 70% additional fertilizer area of p88s and Zhun S is obviously higher than areas in 50% basal fertilizer, 50% additional fertilizer and 70% basal fertilizer, 30% additional fertilizer. It is indicated that transplanting in old seedling age, one plant with one tiller or one plant with two tillers and manuring with 30% basal fertilizer, 70% additional fertilizer can get more after tillers for cultivating the 3~(rd) layer spikes to produce more core-seeds.
2.By using the management measures of the directional cultivation, the interval of heading stages between different layer tillers of individual PTGMS line can be spaced out, there formed 'three-layer spikes' population structure with long heading stage. The investigation of daily heading rate proves the tassel time of Zhun S and p88s are 24 days and 19 days. The standard individual plant can be selected by identifying the typical agronomic characters of the 1~(st) spikes. The individual plants with 0% or lower than 1 % dyeing pollen rate can be selected from the sterility waving population as core plants after the 2~(nd) layer spikes of the selected plants were treated by cold water 0.5℃lower than CSIT during the fertility sensitive period. Core-seeds can be gained from the third layer spikes of the selected core plants which were treated by cold water (2℃lower than CSIT) irrigation and transferred into fertility.
3.The directional cultivation measures are different for different PTGMS lines, but both P88S and Zhun S can use the 'three-layer-spikes method' to produce core-seeds. For this technique can trace studying on one individual plant in the same place in field, it has following benefits: lower-cost, bigger selective nursery for selecting more individual core plants, higher yield of core-seeds, deeply understanding of the sterility for PTGMS line population, and more accurate selecting to individual core plants in comparison with the method of using artificial climate chamber to produce core-seeds of PTGMS lines. So, it is a new feasible way to produce core-seeds for PTGMS lines in rice.
1.P88S于8叶龄移栽,其后发分蘖远高于4-7叶龄移栽的处理;以单本双苗移栽比单本单苗和单本三苗移栽更有利于培养后期分蘖。准S于6叶龄移栽,其后发分蘖远高于4-5叶龄移栽的处理;以单本单苗移栽比单本双苗和单本三苗移栽更有利于培养后期分蘖。按基肥30%+追肥70%施肥,追肥后P88S和准S群体的分蘖速率均明显高于按基肥50%+追肥50%和按基肥70%+追肥30%施肥的分蘖速率。说明采用大秧龄、单本双苗或单本单苗及适当少施基肥多施追肥的栽培管理方式,能产生较多的后发分蘖,有利于培育核心种子生产所需的第三层穗。
2.采取大秧龄、单本双苗及适当少施基肥多施追肥等定向栽培管理措施,可以使不育系单株不同层次分蘖穗抽穗时期间隔拉大,形成单株抽穗期长的“三层穗”群体。日抽穗率调查结果表明,准S、P88S单株抽穗历期分别为24、19天。对第一层穗进行农艺性状典型性鉴定,可选择标准单株;在育性敏感期以低于不育系育性转换起点温度0.5℃的冷水处理当选单株的第二层穗后,不育系表现育性波动,从群体中可以筛选出染色花粉率为0或1%以内的单株作为核心单株;当选的核心单株经冷水(低于不育系育性转换起点温度约2℃)串灌后的第三层穗,育性表现可育,能正常结实,获得核心种子。
3.不同不育系,其定向栽培的措施不一样。但P88S和准S均可按“三层穗法”生产选择核心种子。该方法可在大田对同一单株在同一地点进行跟踪研究,与人工气候室生产两系不育系核心种子比较,该生产程序具有以下特点:生产成本低;选种圃群体大,可选出更多的核心株,核心种子生产量大;对不育系群体育性表现有更全面充分的认识,选择的核心株准确可靠。故该方法为水稻光温敏核不育系核心种子生产提供了一条可行的新途径。
The critical sterility inducing temperature (CSIT) of photo-thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile (PTGMS) lines in rice may increase gradually in generation because of the 'genetic drift', resulting in the male sterility fluctuation in seed production or even the applied value loss. Therefore, it is very valuable both in theory and practice to study the core-seed production techniques for PTGMS lines intensively. This research advanced a new core-seed production technique which is using cold water or nature low-temperature to process rice PTGMS lines and cultivating three-layer spikes to produce core-seeds for overcoming the high-cost and low grain yield problems by the conventional method of using artificial climate chamber . Transplanting experiments of seedlings with different leaf ages and different tiller numbers and fertilizing experiment were conducted on two rice PTGMS lines to explore the directional cultivation technique for the three-layer-spike method. By directional cultivation of three-layer spikes the effects of core-seed production with 'three-layer-spikes method' were examined. The main results are as follows:
1.The after tillers of P88S transplanted in 8 leaf age are much more than those transplanted in 4-7 leaf age, and transplanting in one plant with two tillers is much easier to cultivate the after tillers than both transplanting in one plant with one tiller and one plant with three tillers. For Zhun S, the after tillers transplanted in 6 leaf age is much more than those transplanted in 4,5 leaf age, and transplanting in one plant with one tiller is much easier to cultivate the after tillers than both transplanting in one plant with two tillers and one plant with three tillers. The tillering rate in 30% basal fertilizer and 70% additional fertilizer area of p88s and Zhun S is obviously higher than areas in 50% basal fertilizer, 50% additional fertilizer and 70% basal fertilizer, 30% additional fertilizer. It is indicated that transplanting in old seedling age, one plant with one tiller or one plant with two tillers and manuring with 30% basal fertilizer, 70% additional fertilizer can get more after tillers for cultivating the 3~(rd) layer spikes to produce more core-seeds.
2.By using the management measures of the directional cultivation, the interval of heading stages between different layer tillers of individual PTGMS line can be spaced out, there formed 'three-layer spikes' population structure with long heading stage. The investigation of daily heading rate proves the tassel time of Zhun S and p88s are 24 days and 19 days. The standard individual plant can be selected by identifying the typical agronomic characters of the 1~(st) spikes. The individual plants with 0% or lower than 1 % dyeing pollen rate can be selected from the sterility waving population as core plants after the 2~(nd) layer spikes of the selected plants were treated by cold water 0.5℃lower than CSIT during the fertility sensitive period. Core-seeds can be gained from the third layer spikes of the selected core plants which were treated by cold water (2℃lower than CSIT) irrigation and transferred into fertility.
3.The directional cultivation measures are different for different PTGMS lines, but both P88S and Zhun S can use the 'three-layer-spikes method' to produce core-seeds. For this technique can trace studying on one individual plant in the same place in field, it has following benefits: lower-cost, bigger selective nursery for selecting more individual core plants, higher yield of core-seeds, deeply understanding of the sterility for PTGMS line population, and more accurate selecting to individual core plants in comparison with the method of using artificial climate chamber to produce core-seeds of PTGMS lines. So, it is a new feasible way to produce core-seeds for PTGMS lines in rice.
引文
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