玉米C型细胞质雄性不育系生理生化特性的研究
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摘要
为了揭示玉米细胞质雄性不育的生理生化机制,以玉米C型雄性不育系C478及其保持系478、恢复系H01为材料,对叶片以及雄穗小花的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和ATP酶(ATPase)的活性,丙二醛、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸和叶绿素含量,以及过氧化物酶同工酶谱、净光合速率、叶片胞间CO_2浓度进行比较研究。分析了各种上述生理生化指标与玉米雄性不育关系。结果表明:
1.玉米叶片的发育的每个时期,不育系与保持系和恢复系叶片中的POD活性有明显差异;CAT活性在抽雄期相差不大;不育系每个时期的SOD活性均显著高于保持系。玉米雄穗发育的过程中,不育系雄穗小花的POD活性都要高于保持系和恢复系,雄穗刚开始孕育穗长不超过5cm时(时期Ⅰ)不育系雄穗小花CAT的活性显著高于保持系与恢复系,在雄穗孕育完全但没抽出(时期Ⅱ)不育系的SOD活性明显低于其保持系。不育系雄穗孕育完全但没抽出、散粉期(时期Ⅲ)小花中MDA含量显著高于保持系和恢复系。
2.玉米叶片的发育的每个时期,不育系叶片中可溶性糖含量变化明显;三系间可溶性蛋白含量相差不大;不育系除抽雄期外叶片中的游离脯氨酸含量明显高于其保持系、恢复系。玉米雄穗发育的过程中,保持系雄穗小花中的可溶性糖含量在时期Ⅱ、时期Ⅲ明显高于不育系;不育系小花中各个时期的可溶性蛋白含量均低于其保持系和恢复系,特别在时期Ⅱ、时期Ⅲ显著低于保持系和恢复系;不育系每个时期小花中的游离脯氨酸含量都显著低于保持系和恢复系。
3.玉米叶片的发育的每个时期,除拔节期外不育系每个时期的ATP酶活性均明显低于其保持系、恢复系,保持系、恢复系每个阶段叶片净光合速率明显高于不育系,除苗期外,保持系叶片细胞间隙CO_2浓度明显高于不育系,整个发育阶段不育系叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量明显低于其保持系、恢复系。
4.在玉米发育的抽雄期和开花期的叶片不育系与可育的保持系、恢复系酶谱差异明显,表明玉米POD同工酶存在时空表达特异性。
In order to further research the physiological and biochemical mechanism of C-cytoplasmic male sterility of maize, C478 which were the cytoplasmic male sterility line and its maintainer 478 and restorer line H01 of maize were conducted to comparatively analyze the activities of POD,CAT,SOD and ATPase, the contents of MDA, soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline and chlorophyll, the peroxidase zymogram, photosynthetic active and intercellular CO_2 conentration.The relations of the physiological and biochemical charactors and the male sterility of maize were analysed during different developmental stages .The results as following:
1. In every stages of leaves development, POD activity in leaves of the male sterility line significantly differed from that in the maintainer and restorer line.The CAT activity had little difference in tasseling stage,SOD activity in the male sterility line was significantly higher than its maintainer and restorer line,and the difference was significant in every stages. As the tassel development, POD activity in the male sterility line was higher than its maintainer and restorer line in every stages of florets development, the CAT activity in tassel florets of the male sterility line was significantly higher than the two others,and the difference was significant at length of the tassel within 5cm long (stage I), SOD activity in the male sterility line was significantly lower than its maintainer in tassel having bred completely, but unemerging (stage II).The MDA content in the male sterility line was significantly higher than its maintainer and restorer line in length of the tassel within 5cm long and days to pollen( stage III).
2. In every stages of leaves development,soluble sugar content in the male sterility line had significantly difference of leaves with the leaves development. The soluble protein contents had little difference of three lines.Free proline content in the male sterility line was significantly higher than its maintainer and restorer line in every stages except the tasseling of leaves.As the tassel development,soluble sugar in the maintainer line was significantly higher than the male sterility line in stage II and stage III.Soluble protein content in the male strerility line was lower than that of its maintainer and restorer line in every stages of florets development,and the difference was significant in stage II and stage III. Free proline content in the male sterility line was significantly lower than that of its maintainer and restorer line in every stages of florets development.
3. In every stages of leaves development,ATPase activity in leaves of the male sterility line was significantly lower than its maintainer and restorer line in every stages except the elongation.The photosynthetic active in maintainer and restorer line was significantly higher than that of male sterility line.The intercellular CO_2 conentration in the maintainer line was significantly higher than that of male sterility line in every stages except the seeding.The contents of the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll in the male sterility line was significantly lower than its maintainer and restorer line in every stages of leaves.
4.As the maize development in tasseling and flowering, the peroxidase zymogram in the male sterility line significantly differed from that in the maintainer and restorer line.The results showed that the peroxidase zymogram of maize there was temporal and spatial expression of specific.
1.玉米叶片的发育的每个时期,不育系与保持系和恢复系叶片中的POD活性有明显差异;CAT活性在抽雄期相差不大;不育系每个时期的SOD活性均显著高于保持系。玉米雄穗发育的过程中,不育系雄穗小花的POD活性都要高于保持系和恢复系,雄穗刚开始孕育穗长不超过5cm时(时期Ⅰ)不育系雄穗小花CAT的活性显著高于保持系与恢复系,在雄穗孕育完全但没抽出(时期Ⅱ)不育系的SOD活性明显低于其保持系。不育系雄穗孕育完全但没抽出、散粉期(时期Ⅲ)小花中MDA含量显著高于保持系和恢复系。
2.玉米叶片的发育的每个时期,不育系叶片中可溶性糖含量变化明显;三系间可溶性蛋白含量相差不大;不育系除抽雄期外叶片中的游离脯氨酸含量明显高于其保持系、恢复系。玉米雄穗发育的过程中,保持系雄穗小花中的可溶性糖含量在时期Ⅱ、时期Ⅲ明显高于不育系;不育系小花中各个时期的可溶性蛋白含量均低于其保持系和恢复系,特别在时期Ⅱ、时期Ⅲ显著低于保持系和恢复系;不育系每个时期小花中的游离脯氨酸含量都显著低于保持系和恢复系。
3.玉米叶片的发育的每个时期,除拔节期外不育系每个时期的ATP酶活性均明显低于其保持系、恢复系,保持系、恢复系每个阶段叶片净光合速率明显高于不育系,除苗期外,保持系叶片细胞间隙CO_2浓度明显高于不育系,整个发育阶段不育系叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总含量明显低于其保持系、恢复系。
4.在玉米发育的抽雄期和开花期的叶片不育系与可育的保持系、恢复系酶谱差异明显,表明玉米POD同工酶存在时空表达特异性。
In order to further research the physiological and biochemical mechanism of C-cytoplasmic male sterility of maize, C478 which were the cytoplasmic male sterility line and its maintainer 478 and restorer line H01 of maize were conducted to comparatively analyze the activities of POD,CAT,SOD and ATPase, the contents of MDA, soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline and chlorophyll, the peroxidase zymogram, photosynthetic active and intercellular CO_2 conentration.The relations of the physiological and biochemical charactors and the male sterility of maize were analysed during different developmental stages .The results as following:
1. In every stages of leaves development, POD activity in leaves of the male sterility line significantly differed from that in the maintainer and restorer line.The CAT activity had little difference in tasseling stage,SOD activity in the male sterility line was significantly higher than its maintainer and restorer line,and the difference was significant in every stages. As the tassel development, POD activity in the male sterility line was higher than its maintainer and restorer line in every stages of florets development, the CAT activity in tassel florets of the male sterility line was significantly higher than the two others,and the difference was significant at length of the tassel within 5cm long (stage I), SOD activity in the male sterility line was significantly lower than its maintainer in tassel having bred completely, but unemerging (stage II).The MDA content in the male sterility line was significantly higher than its maintainer and restorer line in length of the tassel within 5cm long and days to pollen( stage III).
2. In every stages of leaves development,soluble sugar content in the male sterility line had significantly difference of leaves with the leaves development. The soluble protein contents had little difference of three lines.Free proline content in the male sterility line was significantly higher than its maintainer and restorer line in every stages except the tasseling of leaves.As the tassel development,soluble sugar in the maintainer line was significantly higher than the male sterility line in stage II and stage III.Soluble protein content in the male strerility line was lower than that of its maintainer and restorer line in every stages of florets development,and the difference was significant in stage II and stage III. Free proline content in the male sterility line was significantly lower than that of its maintainer and restorer line in every stages of florets development.
3. In every stages of leaves development,ATPase activity in leaves of the male sterility line was significantly lower than its maintainer and restorer line in every stages except the elongation.The photosynthetic active in maintainer and restorer line was significantly higher than that of male sterility line.The intercellular CO_2 conentration in the maintainer line was significantly higher than that of male sterility line in every stages except the seeding.The contents of the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and chlorophyll in the male sterility line was significantly lower than its maintainer and restorer line in every stages of leaves.
4.As the maize development in tasseling and flowering, the peroxidase zymogram in the male sterility line significantly differed from that in the maintainer and restorer line.The results showed that the peroxidase zymogram of maize there was temporal and spatial expression of specific.
引文
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