水平加强层对超高层钢框架—支撑结构的性能分析
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摘要
在高层、超高层建筑结构设计中,水平位移是关键的控制因素。当高层建筑框架结构的抗侧力刚度不能满足设计要求时,可考虑沿竖向利用建筑设备层、避难层空间,设置适宜的水平伸臂构件,构成带加强层的高层建筑结构。加强层的设置可使周边框架柱有效地发挥作用,增大结构抗侧刚度,是风荷载作用下减小高层建筑侧向位移的一种有效地方法；但在地震作用下,加强层的设置使结构刚度产生突变,其必然导致结构内力突变以及整体结构传力途径的改变,从而使结构的破坏较容易集中在加强层附近,形成薄弱层,使结构的损坏机制难以呈现“强柱弱梁”和“强剪弱弯”的延性屈服机制。
鉴于带水平加强层的高层建筑结构对于抗震有诸多不利,本文提出把约束屈曲支撑技术应用于超高层钢框架结构,即将加强层桁架中的刚性普通支撑用耗能部件(约束屈曲支撑)代替,形成耗能减震层。在地震作用下带有耗能减震层的结构主要通过约束屈曲支撑来耗散输入到结构中的能量以减轻结构的动力反应,从而更好地保护主体结构的安全。
本文以某超高层建筑结构为例,利用ANSYS软件建立其三维模型,并对带加强层的结构和带约束屈曲支撑耗能减震层的结构进行了结构刚度分析、结构内力分析和位移时程分析,通过与传统加强层结构的设计方法对比,可以看出约束屈曲支撑比加强层结构更能有效地控制结构整体的地震反应,约束屈曲支撑发挥了自身良好的耗能特性,使地震波中主要的能量通过约束屈曲支撑耗散,而建筑物主体结构只承受地震能量的一部分,这对建筑结构抗震是有利的。
Structural lateral displacement becomes the main control index during the high-rise building structure designs.When the frame-corewall structure is not so rigid,the refuge story and facility story should be used form the reasonable horizontal outriggers,so as to the high-rise binding having strengthened stories.It is an effective way to decrease structural lateral displacement against the influence of wind by setting the horizontal strengthened stories.When come to the influence of earthquake,this designs will cause the sudden variation of structural stiffness and internal force,and will come into being weal story,which will make it difficult for the yield mechanism of the structure to car-ry out "strong column and weak" and"strong shear weak bending" extending bendi-ng system.
In view of horizontal strengthened story of high-rise building structures has many adverse in earthquake,in this paper we use buckling-restrained braces in super high-ri-se steel frame structure,ordinary brace in horizontal strengthened story with energy di-ssipation (buckling-restrained brace) replaced to formation of seismic energy dissipat-ion story.Under earthquake energy dissipation structure with buckling-restrained brac-es reduce the dynamic response，in order to better protect the main structure.
Based on this super high-rise building, for example, using ANSYS software to buil-d their three-dimensional model.analysis strengthend story and energy dissipation wit-h buckling-restrained brace of structural stiffness,internal force and displacement time history,by comparing with strengthened story structure, we can see that buckling-restr-ained brace more effective control than strengthened story structure in seismic respon-se,buckling-restrained brace played a good energy characteristics of its own,so that the ma-in energy dissipation through buckling-restrained brace. The main structure of bui-lding to withstand only a small part of the seismic energy,which is beneficial to buildi-ng.
鉴于带水平加强层的高层建筑结构对于抗震有诸多不利,本文提出把约束屈曲支撑技术应用于超高层钢框架结构,即将加强层桁架中的刚性普通支撑用耗能部件(约束屈曲支撑)代替,形成耗能减震层。在地震作用下带有耗能减震层的结构主要通过约束屈曲支撑来耗散输入到结构中的能量以减轻结构的动力反应,从而更好地保护主体结构的安全。
本文以某超高层建筑结构为例,利用ANSYS软件建立其三维模型,并对带加强层的结构和带约束屈曲支撑耗能减震层的结构进行了结构刚度分析、结构内力分析和位移时程分析,通过与传统加强层结构的设计方法对比,可以看出约束屈曲支撑比加强层结构更能有效地控制结构整体的地震反应,约束屈曲支撑发挥了自身良好的耗能特性,使地震波中主要的能量通过约束屈曲支撑耗散,而建筑物主体结构只承受地震能量的一部分,这对建筑结构抗震是有利的。
Structural lateral displacement becomes the main control index during the high-rise building structure designs.When the frame-corewall structure is not so rigid,the refuge story and facility story should be used form the reasonable horizontal outriggers,so as to the high-rise binding having strengthened stories.It is an effective way to decrease structural lateral displacement against the influence of wind by setting the horizontal strengthened stories.When come to the influence of earthquake,this designs will cause the sudden variation of structural stiffness and internal force,and will come into being weal story,which will make it difficult for the yield mechanism of the structure to car-ry out "strong column and weak" and"strong shear weak bending" extending bendi-ng system.
In view of horizontal strengthened story of high-rise building structures has many adverse in earthquake,in this paper we use buckling-restrained braces in super high-ri-se steel frame structure,ordinary brace in horizontal strengthened story with energy di-ssipation (buckling-restrained brace) replaced to formation of seismic energy dissipat-ion story.Under earthquake energy dissipation structure with buckling-restrained brac-es reduce the dynamic response，in order to better protect the main structure.
Based on this super high-rise building, for example, using ANSYS software to buil-d their three-dimensional model.analysis strengthend story and energy dissipation wit-h buckling-restrained brace of structural stiffness,internal force and displacement time history,by comparing with strengthened story structure, we can see that buckling-restr-ained brace more effective control than strengthened story structure in seismic respon-se,buckling-restrained brace played a good energy characteristics of its own,so that the ma-in energy dissipation through buckling-restrained brace. The main structure of bui-lding to withstand only a small part of the seismic energy,which is beneficial to buildi-ng.
引文
[1]赵西安.钢筋混凝土高层建筑结构设计.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1992.
[2]Xie Q. State-of-the-Art of Buckling-Restrained Braces in Asia. Journal of Construction Steel Research,2005,61(6):727—748.
[3]P.Brown，I.Aiken.and F.J.Jafarzadeh,Buckling Restrained Braces Provide the Key to the Seismic retrofit of the Wallace F.Bennet Federal Building[J],Modern Steel Construction,August 2001,(8),7
[4]Seismic Isolation Engineering,Inc.Results from Cyclin Test of Large-Scale Yielding Steel Braces[C],2002
[5]P. W.Clark, I.Aiken, E.KO, K. Kasai,1. Kimura, Design Procedures for Buildings Incorporating Hysteretic Damping Devices,2002.
[6]P.Clark,K.Kasai,I.Aiken and I.Kimura,Evaluation of Design Methodologies for Structures Incorporating Steel Unbonded Braces for Energy Dissipation[C],Proc 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Paper No.2240,2000
[7]蔡克铨,黄彦智,瓮崇兴.双管式挫屈束制(约束屈曲)支撑之耐震行为与应用[J].建筑钢结构进展.2005,7(3)：1-8
[8]蔡克铨,陈界宏,王宏远.低屈服钢造耐震间柱构架之抗震行为[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4)：88-93.
[9]哈敏强.普通与新型抑制屈曲支撑的力学性能及应用研究[D].上海：同济大学,2004.
[10]李 妍,吴 斌,王倩颖,等.防屈曲钢支撑阻尼器的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(7)：9-14
[11]王秀丽,苏成江.约束屈曲支撑受力性能及高阶模态分析[J].兰州理工大学学报,2005,33(5)：105-108
[12]Mochizuki N., Murata Y., Andou N. An experimental study on buckling of unbounded braces under centrally applied loads. In:Proceedings, Annual meeting of the Architectural Institute of Japan,1980,237-250.
[13]Wakabayashi, M.,Nakamura, T.,Kashibara, A.,Morizono, T. and Tokoyama, H, (1973), Experimental study of elastic-plastic properties of precuts concrete wall panel with built-in insulating braces, Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, Architectural Institute of Japan,1031-1033. (in Japanese)
[14]Watanabe, A., Hitomi, Y., Saeki, E., Wada, A., and Fujimoto, M. Properties of Brace Encased in Buckling-Rest raining Concrete and Steel Tube[C]. Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, August 2-9, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan. (Vol. IV-719-724).
[15]Sridhara B. N. Sleeved column-as a basic compression member. In:Proceedings, 4th International conference on steel structures and space frames. Singapore, 1990,181-188.
[16]Peter Clark, Kazuhiko Kasai. Design procedures for buildings incorporating hysteretic damping devices. In:Proceedings,68th Annual Convention, SEAOC, Santa Barbara, California,1999,105-112.
[17]Black C., Makris N., and Aiken I. Component testing, seismic evaluation and characterizes-tion of buckling-restrained braces. Journal of structural engineering, 2004,130(6):880-894.
[18]Chen C.C., Wang C.H., and Hwang T.C. Buckling strength of buckling inhibited braces. In:Proceedings,3rd Japan-Korea-Taiwan Joint Seminar on Earthquake Engineering for Building Structures, Taipei, Taiwan,2001,265-271.
[19]Yamaguchi M., Yamada, and Matsumoto Y. et al. Full-Scale shaking table test of damage tolerant structure with a buckling restrained brace. Journal of structural and construction engineering.2002,558:189-196.
[20]刘建彬.防屈曲支撑及防屈曲支撑框架设计理论研究：清华大学,硕士学位论文.北京：清华大学,2005.
[21]陈煜.一字形截面防屈曲支撑的抗震性能研究：湖南大学,硕士学位论文.长沙：湖南大学,2006.
[22]Aiken I. Kimura I The Use of Buckling. Restrained Braces in the United Stares. Proceedings of the Japan Passive Control Symposium. Yokohama:Tokyo Institute of Technology,2001.
[23]郭海山,钱宏亮,沈世钊.地震作用下单层球面网壳结构的动力稳定性[J].地震工程与工程振动.2003,23(1)：31-35.
[24]Xiu-li Wang, Lei Wang, Shiro Kato, Shoji Nakazawa.The study of vibration reducing performance of Single-layer ellipse lattice shell installed Buckling Restrained Braces [A], IASS-APCS 2006[C].
[25]Saeki, E., Iwamatu, K. and Wada, A., Analytical Study by Finite Element Method and Comparison with Experiment Results Concerning Buckling-Restrained Unbounded Braces[J], Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Trans. Of AIJ),484,1996,111-120.
[26]赵西安.钢筋混凝土高层建筑结构设计.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1992：409-431
[27]袁兴隆.高层建筑加强层的研究与应用分析.贵州工学院学报,1995,24(2)：28-33.
[28]尹双.高层建筑中设置水平加强层的研究：[华中科技大学硕士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学土木工程与力学学院,2005：4-8
[29]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑结构荷载规范(GB50009-2001).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[30]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[31]B.Stanford.Smith,A Coull著.陈瑜,龚炳年译校.高层建筑结构分析与设计[M]地震出版社,1993
[32]徐培福,傅学怡,王翠坤等.复杂高层建筑结构设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[33]傅学怡.实用高层建筑结构设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[34][加]B.S.史密斯,[英]A.库尔编著.陈瑜,龚炳年等译校.高层结构分析与设计[M].北京：地震出版社,1993.
[35]刘大海,杨翠如编著.高楼钢结构设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[36]刘大海,杨翠如编著.高层建筑抗震设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1993.
[37]丁鲲.带耗能减震层的框架—核心筒结构抗震性能分析[D].广州：广州大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[38]丁鲲,周云.框架—核心筒结构耗能减震层的减震效果分析[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2007,29(3)：35-40
[39]蔡克铨,翁崇兴.双钢管型挫屈束制消能支撑之耐震行为与应用研究台湾大学地震工程研究中心研究报告,台北：2002
[40]陈煜.一字形截面防屈曲支撑的抗震性能研究：湖南大学,硕士学位论文.长沙：湖南大学,2006.
[41]郭彦林,刘建彬,蔡益燕,邓科.结构的耗能减震与防屈曲支撑.建筑结构,2005,35 (8)
[42]李涛,高烈度区新型钢筋混凝土框架抗震性能研究,兰州理工大学,硕士毕业论文,兰州：2008
[43]Jinkoo Kim, Youngil Seo. Seismic design of low-rise steel frames with buckling-restrained braces. Engineering Structures 26 (2004):543-551.
[44]Ian D. Aiken, Isao Komura. The use of buckling restrained brace in the unite state [J], Structure engineering research. Tokyo institute of technology, Yokohama, 2002(11):171-178.
[45]Aiken I. Kimura I The Use of Buckling. Restrained Braces in the United Stares. Proceedings of the Japan Passive Control Symposium. Yokohama:Tokyo Institute of Technology,2001.
[46]R. Sabelli, S. Mahin, C. Chang. Seismic demands on steel braced frame buildings with buckling-restrained braces. Engineering Structures 25 (2003):655-666.
[47]Jinkoo Kim, Youngill seo. Seismic design of steel structures with buckling-restrained knee braces。 Journal of Constructional Steel Research 59 (2003):1477-1497.
[48]Steve Merritt, China-Ming Hang and Giamnario Benzoni, Sub assemblage Testing of Core-brace Buckling Restrained Braces Department of Structural Engineering University of California [J], San Diego, Report No.TR-2003/01, February 2003.
[49]Sabelli R Aiken I U S. Building Code Provisions for Buckling—Restrained Braced Frames:Basis and Development. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Vancouver:2004:1-828
[2]Xie Q. State-of-the-Art of Buckling-Restrained Braces in Asia. Journal of Construction Steel Research,2005,61(6):727—748.
[3]P.Brown，I.Aiken.and F.J.Jafarzadeh,Buckling Restrained Braces Provide the Key to the Seismic retrofit of the Wallace F.Bennet Federal Building[J],Modern Steel Construction,August 2001,(8),7
[4]Seismic Isolation Engineering,Inc.Results from Cyclin Test of Large-Scale Yielding Steel Braces[C],2002
[5]P. W.Clark, I.Aiken, E.KO, K. Kasai,1. Kimura, Design Procedures for Buildings Incorporating Hysteretic Damping Devices,2002.
[6]P.Clark,K.Kasai,I.Aiken and I.Kimura,Evaluation of Design Methodologies for Structures Incorporating Steel Unbonded Braces for Energy Dissipation[C],Proc 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,Paper No.2240,2000
[7]蔡克铨,黄彦智,瓮崇兴.双管式挫屈束制(约束屈曲)支撑之耐震行为与应用[J].建筑钢结构进展.2005,7(3)：1-8
[8]蔡克铨,陈界宏,王宏远.低屈服钢造耐震间柱构架之抗震行为[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4)：88-93.
[9]哈敏强.普通与新型抑制屈曲支撑的力学性能及应用研究[D].上海：同济大学,2004.
[10]李 妍,吴 斌,王倩颖,等.防屈曲钢支撑阻尼器的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(7)：9-14
[11]王秀丽,苏成江.约束屈曲支撑受力性能及高阶模态分析[J].兰州理工大学学报,2005,33(5)：105-108
[12]Mochizuki N., Murata Y., Andou N. An experimental study on buckling of unbounded braces under centrally applied loads. In:Proceedings, Annual meeting of the Architectural Institute of Japan,1980,237-250.
[13]Wakabayashi, M.,Nakamura, T.,Kashibara, A.,Morizono, T. and Tokoyama, H, (1973), Experimental study of elastic-plastic properties of precuts concrete wall panel with built-in insulating braces, Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting, Architectural Institute of Japan,1031-1033. (in Japanese)
[14]Watanabe, A., Hitomi, Y., Saeki, E., Wada, A., and Fujimoto, M. Properties of Brace Encased in Buckling-Rest raining Concrete and Steel Tube[C]. Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, August 2-9, Tokyo-Kyoto, Japan. (Vol. IV-719-724).
[15]Sridhara B. N. Sleeved column-as a basic compression member. In:Proceedings, 4th International conference on steel structures and space frames. Singapore, 1990,181-188.
[16]Peter Clark, Kazuhiko Kasai. Design procedures for buildings incorporating hysteretic damping devices. In:Proceedings,68th Annual Convention, SEAOC, Santa Barbara, California,1999,105-112.
[17]Black C., Makris N., and Aiken I. Component testing, seismic evaluation and characterizes-tion of buckling-restrained braces. Journal of structural engineering, 2004,130(6):880-894.
[18]Chen C.C., Wang C.H., and Hwang T.C. Buckling strength of buckling inhibited braces. In:Proceedings,3rd Japan-Korea-Taiwan Joint Seminar on Earthquake Engineering for Building Structures, Taipei, Taiwan,2001,265-271.
[19]Yamaguchi M., Yamada, and Matsumoto Y. et al. Full-Scale shaking table test of damage tolerant structure with a buckling restrained brace. Journal of structural and construction engineering.2002,558:189-196.
[20]刘建彬.防屈曲支撑及防屈曲支撑框架设计理论研究：清华大学,硕士学位论文.北京：清华大学,2005.
[21]陈煜.一字形截面防屈曲支撑的抗震性能研究：湖南大学,硕士学位论文.长沙：湖南大学,2006.
[22]Aiken I. Kimura I The Use of Buckling. Restrained Braces in the United Stares. Proceedings of the Japan Passive Control Symposium. Yokohama:Tokyo Institute of Technology,2001.
[23]郭海山,钱宏亮,沈世钊.地震作用下单层球面网壳结构的动力稳定性[J].地震工程与工程振动.2003,23(1)：31-35.
[24]Xiu-li Wang, Lei Wang, Shiro Kato, Shoji Nakazawa.The study of vibration reducing performance of Single-layer ellipse lattice shell installed Buckling Restrained Braces [A], IASS-APCS 2006[C].
[25]Saeki, E., Iwamatu, K. and Wada, A., Analytical Study by Finite Element Method and Comparison with Experiment Results Concerning Buckling-Restrained Unbounded Braces[J], Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Trans. Of AIJ),484,1996,111-120.
[26]赵西安.钢筋混凝土高层建筑结构设计.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1992：409-431
[27]袁兴隆.高层建筑加强层的研究与应用分析.贵州工学院学报,1995,24(2)：28-33.
[28]尹双.高层建筑中设置水平加强层的研究：[华中科技大学硕士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学土木工程与力学学院,2005：4-8
[29]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑结构荷载规范(GB50009-2001).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[30]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001).北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[31]B.Stanford.Smith,A Coull著.陈瑜,龚炳年译校.高层建筑结构分析与设计[M]地震出版社,1993
[32]徐培福,傅学怡,王翠坤等.复杂高层建筑结构设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[33]傅学怡.实用高层建筑结构设计[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[34][加]B.S.史密斯,[英]A.库尔编著.陈瑜,龚炳年等译校.高层结构分析与设计[M].北京：地震出版社,1993.
[35]刘大海,杨翠如编著.高楼钢结构设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[36]刘大海,杨翠如编著.高层建筑抗震设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1993.
[37]丁鲲.带耗能减震层的框架—核心筒结构抗震性能分析[D].广州：广州大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[38]丁鲲,周云.框架—核心筒结构耗能减震层的减震效果分析[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2007,29(3)：35-40
[39]蔡克铨,翁崇兴.双钢管型挫屈束制消能支撑之耐震行为与应用研究台湾大学地震工程研究中心研究报告,台北：2002
[40]陈煜.一字形截面防屈曲支撑的抗震性能研究：湖南大学,硕士学位论文.长沙：湖南大学,2006.
[41]郭彦林,刘建彬,蔡益燕,邓科.结构的耗能减震与防屈曲支撑.建筑结构,2005,35 (8)
[42]李涛,高烈度区新型钢筋混凝土框架抗震性能研究,兰州理工大学,硕士毕业论文,兰州：2008
[43]Jinkoo Kim, Youngil Seo. Seismic design of low-rise steel frames with buckling-restrained braces. Engineering Structures 26 (2004):543-551.
[44]Ian D. Aiken, Isao Komura. The use of buckling restrained brace in the unite state [J], Structure engineering research. Tokyo institute of technology, Yokohama, 2002(11):171-178.
[45]Aiken I. Kimura I The Use of Buckling. Restrained Braces in the United Stares. Proceedings of the Japan Passive Control Symposium. Yokohama:Tokyo Institute of Technology,2001.
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