环渤海经济圈区域经济发展的梯度评价与合作模式选择
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摘要
中共十六届五中全会把环渤海经济圈作为“十一五”期间重点发展的四大经济区域之一,并将推进滨海新区开发开放纳入国家总体发展战略布局,标志着环渤海经济圈进入了一个新的发展阶段。面对这种机遇,如何借鉴国际、国内区域经济合作的理论与经验,深入分析环渤海经济圈区域经济发展的现状,选择与区域实际相适应的合作模式,对推进区域经济合作的纵深发展,具有重大的理论与实践意义。
本文以国内外区域经济合作的相关理论为指导,学习和借鉴发达国家和地区区域经济合作的成功模式,针对环渤海经济圈的自身特点,根据梯度理论,通过区域范围内经济发展的梯度分析与评价,提出了环渤海经济圈不同城市和产业之间的合作模式。
城市合作模式的选择主要通过城市能级梯度分析方法来完成。通过建立城市能级综合评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法,对不同城市进行能级分析,找出城市之间的能级差,运用聚类分析法将城市划分为四个梯度层次。根据梯度分析的结果,提出环渤海经济圈城市之间的经济合作可以采取双核—圈层—轴带的模式。
产业合作模式的选择主要通过产业竞争力分析来完成。通过建立产业竞争力评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法对各地区的优劣势产业进行评价,提出环渤海经济圈的产业合作可以从通信设备、纺织、食品加工等制造业领域和金融、物流等第三产业领域展开。
在上述理论和方法的指导下,具体对青岛和天津滨海新区的经济合作进行了实证研究。根据城市能级指标及梯度分析的结果,提出青岛和滨海新区两地之间的合作可以采用水平竞合与垂直竞合相结合的网络化竞合模式;通过对两地产业竞争力的分析,提出双方可以在制造业、港口物流业、金融业、高新技术业等领域进行合作,并设计出双方实现深度产业合作的领域及方式。
The fifth plenum of the 16th Chinese Communist Party Central Committee proposed that Bohai sea surrounding economic circle would be one of the four major economy area concentrating on development during the period "11th Five-Year Plan", and take Binhai New Area’s development and open up into the overall national development strategy layout, all that marks the Bohai sea surrounding economic circle has entered into a new development stage. With this opportunity, how to use the international and domestic regional economic cooperation theory and experience, analyze the regional economic development status of Bohai sea surrounding economic circle, choose the cooperation patterns suitable with regional actual situation is of great theoretical and practical significance to promote regional economic cooperation development.
The paper takes the regional economic cooperation theory domestic and abroad as a guide, learn the successful regional economic cooperation pattern from the developed countries and regions, summarize the characteristics of Bohai sea surrounding economic circle, according to the gradient theory, through gradient analysis and evaluation of regional economic development, proposes different cooperation patterns between the cities and industries of Bohai sea surrounding economic circle.
The choice of city cooperation pattern is completed through city-level gradient method. By building a comprehensive city-level evaluation index system, using principal component analysis methods, analyze the city level gradient, find the level difference between cities, divide the cities into four gradient level through cluster analysis. According to gradient analysis results, proposes that the economic cooperation among the cities in Bohai sea surrounding economic circle can take dual-core, circle, axis pattern.
The choice of industrial cooperation pattern is completed mainly through industrial competitiveness analysis. Through the establishment of industrial competitiveness evaluation index system, praise the advantages and disadvantages of industry by using principal component analysis, proposes the industry cooperation of Bohai sea surrounding economic circle can be carried out from communication equipment, textiles, food processing manufacturing industry and tertiary industry such as finance , logistics and others.
According to the above-mentioned theory and methods, the paper makes an empirical study on the regional economic cooperation of Qingdao and Tianjin Binhai New Area. According to the city-level indicators and gradient analysis result, put forward Qingdao and Tianjin Binhai New Area can use the network competing pattern integrated by level competing and vertical competing. Through industrial competitiveness analysis, the paper put forward that Qingdao and Tianjin Binhai New Area can carry out regional economic cooperation in fields such as harbour logistics , finance , high and new technology manufacturing industry , and designs the economic cooperation fields and pattern of Qingdao and Tianjin Binhai New Area.
本文以国内外区域经济合作的相关理论为指导,学习和借鉴发达国家和地区区域经济合作的成功模式,针对环渤海经济圈的自身特点,根据梯度理论,通过区域范围内经济发展的梯度分析与评价,提出了环渤海经济圈不同城市和产业之间的合作模式。
城市合作模式的选择主要通过城市能级梯度分析方法来完成。通过建立城市能级综合评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法,对不同城市进行能级分析,找出城市之间的能级差,运用聚类分析法将城市划分为四个梯度层次。根据梯度分析的结果,提出环渤海经济圈城市之间的经济合作可以采取双核—圈层—轴带的模式。
产业合作模式的选择主要通过产业竞争力分析来完成。通过建立产业竞争力评价指标体系,运用主成分分析法对各地区的优劣势产业进行评价,提出环渤海经济圈的产业合作可以从通信设备、纺织、食品加工等制造业领域和金融、物流等第三产业领域展开。
在上述理论和方法的指导下,具体对青岛和天津滨海新区的经济合作进行了实证研究。根据城市能级指标及梯度分析的结果,提出青岛和滨海新区两地之间的合作可以采用水平竞合与垂直竞合相结合的网络化竞合模式;通过对两地产业竞争力的分析,提出双方可以在制造业、港口物流业、金融业、高新技术业等领域进行合作,并设计出双方实现深度产业合作的领域及方式。
The fifth plenum of the 16th Chinese Communist Party Central Committee proposed that Bohai sea surrounding economic circle would be one of the four major economy area concentrating on development during the period "11th Five-Year Plan", and take Binhai New Area’s development and open up into the overall national development strategy layout, all that marks the Bohai sea surrounding economic circle has entered into a new development stage. With this opportunity, how to use the international and domestic regional economic cooperation theory and experience, analyze the regional economic development status of Bohai sea surrounding economic circle, choose the cooperation patterns suitable with regional actual situation is of great theoretical and practical significance to promote regional economic cooperation development.
The paper takes the regional economic cooperation theory domestic and abroad as a guide, learn the successful regional economic cooperation pattern from the developed countries and regions, summarize the characteristics of Bohai sea surrounding economic circle, according to the gradient theory, through gradient analysis and evaluation of regional economic development, proposes different cooperation patterns between the cities and industries of Bohai sea surrounding economic circle.
The choice of city cooperation pattern is completed through city-level gradient method. By building a comprehensive city-level evaluation index system, using principal component analysis methods, analyze the city level gradient, find the level difference between cities, divide the cities into four gradient level through cluster analysis. According to gradient analysis results, proposes that the economic cooperation among the cities in Bohai sea surrounding economic circle can take dual-core, circle, axis pattern.
The choice of industrial cooperation pattern is completed mainly through industrial competitiveness analysis. Through the establishment of industrial competitiveness evaluation index system, praise the advantages and disadvantages of industry by using principal component analysis, proposes the industry cooperation of Bohai sea surrounding economic circle can be carried out from communication equipment, textiles, food processing manufacturing industry and tertiary industry such as finance , logistics and others.
According to the above-mentioned theory and methods, the paper makes an empirical study on the regional economic cooperation of Qingdao and Tianjin Binhai New Area. According to the city-level indicators and gradient analysis result, put forward Qingdao and Tianjin Binhai New Area can use the network competing pattern integrated by level competing and vertical competing. Through industrial competitiveness analysis, the paper put forward that Qingdao and Tianjin Binhai New Area can carry out regional economic cooperation in fields such as harbour logistics , finance , high and new technology manufacturing industry , and designs the economic cooperation fields and pattern of Qingdao and Tianjin Binhai New Area.
引文
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[2]Rugman A,Multinationals as flagships firms:regional business network[M],Oxford:Oxford University Press,2000。121-132
[3]Enright M,Regional clusters and multinational enterprises:independence,dependence,or interdependence[J],International Studies of Management and Organ ization,2000,30(2):114—138
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[9]姚士谋,中国的城市[M],合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1992。50-59
[10]杨建荣,论中国崛起世界级大城市的条件与构想[J],财经研究,1995,(6):45-51
[11]陈剑,中国都市圈竞争的大格局—三大都市圈的现实与机遇[J],市场与发展,2003,(3):11-15
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[13]洪银兴,竞争合作交汇并存,政府企业各有所为—共同市场建设[N],国际金融报,2004-3-22
[14]景体华,中国区域经济发展报2005[M],北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005。43-51
[15]郭鸿懋,中国区域共同市场的生成机理研究[J],天津社会科学,2006,(2):80-84
[16]陈剑,中国都市圈竞争的大格局—三大都市圈的现实与机遇[J],市场与发展,2003,(3):12-14
[17]卢瑞嘉,张云,田学斌等,新世纪经济的龙头:环渤海地区经济发展战略构想[J],财经问题研究,1998,(10):20-24
[18]安合祥,试论我国港口建设的项目融资[J],港口经济,2007,(01):15-17
[19]王明浩,石林,环渤海发展战略研究[J],现代城市研究,2000,(5):22-24
[20]张慧霞,环渤海地区城市与产业布局研究[J],生产力研究,1995,(04):9-12
[21]陈钺,林颖,加快环渤海地区统一市场的形成与发展[J],环渤海经济瞭望,1997,(5期):11-14
[22]何翎,关于当前推进环渤海区域经济合作的思路与操作[J],环渤海经济瞭望,2001,(2):6-8
[23]凌平,环渤海要腾飞,亟需打响“平津战役”[J],环渤海经济瞭望,1994,(03):21-23
[24]王兴化,季任钧,充分发挥市场机制作用,提高环渤海地区经济合作发展水平[J],环渤海经济瞭望,2002,(12):4-6
[25]国家统计局城市社会经济调查司编,2006中国城市统计年鉴[M],北京:中国统计出版社,2007。
[26]Chris J.B ,Cities in Competition:Equity issues[J],Urban Studies,2000,(36):865—891
[27]Douglas Webster,Larissa Muller,Urban competitiveness Assessment in developing country urban regions:the road forward[Z],Washington D.C: the World Bank,2000。
[28]Iain.B,Cities and Competitiveness[J],Urban Studies,2000,(36),795—809
[29]Richard A.Johnson,实用多元统计分析[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2001。35-39
[30]董腊发,主成分分析在综合评价技术进步经济效益中的应用[J],数理统计与管理,1998,11(6):31-34
[31]Heeg S,Klagge B,Ossenbnagge J,Metropolitan cooperation in Europe:Theoretical issues and perspectives for urban networking[J],European Planning Studies,2003,11(2):139—153
[32] Lain Deas,Benito Giordano,Conceptualizing and measuring Litban competitiveness in major English cities:an exploratory approach[J],Environment and Planning,2001,33:1411—1429
[33]Wu F,China's changing urban governance in the transition towards a more market—oriented economy[J],Urban Studies,2002,39(7):1071—1093
[34]金碚,竞争力经济学[M],广州:广东经济出版社,2003。67-70
[35]浙江产业竞争力比较研究课题组,提高产业竞争力,浙江跨世纪发展的战略选择[J],中国软科学,1997,(3):13-16
[36]张超,提升产业竞争力的理论与对策探微[J],宏观经济研究,2002,(5):22-26
[37]国家统计局工业交通统计司,2006中国工业经济统计年鉴[M],北京:中国统计出版社,2006。
[38]Shen J,Wong K Y,Feng Z Q,State—sponsored and spontaneous urbanization in the Pearl River Delta of south China[J],Urban Geography,2002,33:674—694
[39]Lain Begg,Urban Competitiveness:Policies for dynamic cities[M],Bristol:The Policy Press,2002。34-51
[40]Ba,Alice D,China and ASIAN: Renavigating Relations for a 21st-Century Asia[J], Asian Survey,2003,Vol.43, No.4:622-647
[41] Cai, Keven G,The ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement and East Asia Regional Grouping[J],Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol.25, No.3:387-404
[42]Loberl J Roger'son,Quality of life and city cornImtitiveness[J],Urban studies, 1999,36:969—985
[43]张方,环渤海地区大型港口企业战略联盟实现形式的探讨[J],港口经济,2005,(04):10-13
[44] Wong, John and Chan, Sarah,China-ASEAN Trade Agreement: Shaping Future Economic Relations[J],Asian Survey, 2003,Vol.43, No.3:507-526
[45]John T.Mentzer,Mathew B.Myers,Mee-Shew Cheung,Global market segmention for logistics services[J],Industrial Marketing Management,2004,(33):31-35
[46]Jessop B,The rise of governance and the risks of failure:The case of economic development[J],International Socia1 Science Journal,1998,5O(1):29-45
[2]Rugman A,Multinationals as flagships firms:regional business network[M],Oxford:Oxford University Press,2000。121-132
[3]Enright M,Regional clusters and multinational enterprises:independence,dependence,or interdependence[J],International Studies of Management and Organ ization,2000,30(2):114—138
[4]Lan Gordon,International and urban competition[J],Urban Studies,1999,36(5/6):1001—1016
[5]James Simmie,Innovation and nrban regions as national and international nodes for the transfer and sharing of knowledge[J],Regional Studies,2003,37(6/7):607—620
[6]Bernard A & Durlarf S,Convergence in international output[J],Journal of Econometircs,1996,71:161—173
[7]黄友爱,区域经济合作理论对发展中国家区域经济合作的影响和启示[J],经济界,2005,03:12-14
[8]于洪俊,宁越敏,城市地理概念[M],合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1983。32-36
[9]姚士谋,中国的城市[M],合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1992。50-59
[10]杨建荣,论中国崛起世界级大城市的条件与构想[J],财经研究,1995,(6):45-51
[11]陈剑,中国都市圈竞争的大格局—三大都市圈的现实与机遇[J],市场与发展,2003,(3):11-15
[12]郭鸿懋,邹治平,发展区域共同市场,降低城市区域资源配置成本[J],城市,2004,(1):7-9
[13]洪银兴,竞争合作交汇并存,政府企业各有所为—共同市场建设[N],国际金融报,2004-3-22
[14]景体华,中国区域经济发展报2005[M],北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005。43-51
[15]郭鸿懋,中国区域共同市场的生成机理研究[J],天津社会科学,2006,(2):80-84
[16]陈剑,中国都市圈竞争的大格局—三大都市圈的现实与机遇[J],市场与发展,2003,(3):12-14
[17]卢瑞嘉,张云,田学斌等,新世纪经济的龙头:环渤海地区经济发展战略构想[J],财经问题研究,1998,(10):20-24
[18]安合祥,试论我国港口建设的项目融资[J],港口经济,2007,(01):15-17
[19]王明浩,石林,环渤海发展战略研究[J],现代城市研究,2000,(5):22-24
[20]张慧霞,环渤海地区城市与产业布局研究[J],生产力研究,1995,(04):9-12
[21]陈钺,林颖,加快环渤海地区统一市场的形成与发展[J],环渤海经济瞭望,1997,(5期):11-14
[22]何翎,关于当前推进环渤海区域经济合作的思路与操作[J],环渤海经济瞭望,2001,(2):6-8
[23]凌平,环渤海要腾飞,亟需打响“平津战役”[J],环渤海经济瞭望,1994,(03):21-23
[24]王兴化,季任钧,充分发挥市场机制作用,提高环渤海地区经济合作发展水平[J],环渤海经济瞭望,2002,(12):4-6
[25]国家统计局城市社会经济调查司编,2006中国城市统计年鉴[M],北京:中国统计出版社,2007。
[26]Chris J.B ,Cities in Competition:Equity issues[J],Urban Studies,2000,(36):865—891
[27]Douglas Webster,Larissa Muller,Urban competitiveness Assessment in developing country urban regions:the road forward[Z],Washington D.C: the World Bank,2000。
[28]Iain.B,Cities and Competitiveness[J],Urban Studies,2000,(36),795—809
[29]Richard A.Johnson,实用多元统计分析[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2001。35-39
[30]董腊发,主成分分析在综合评价技术进步经济效益中的应用[J],数理统计与管理,1998,11(6):31-34
[31]Heeg S,Klagge B,Ossenbnagge J,Metropolitan cooperation in Europe:Theoretical issues and perspectives for urban networking[J],European Planning Studies,2003,11(2):139—153
[32] Lain Deas,Benito Giordano,Conceptualizing and measuring Litban competitiveness in major English cities:an exploratory approach[J],Environment and Planning,2001,33:1411—1429
[33]Wu F,China's changing urban governance in the transition towards a more market—oriented economy[J],Urban Studies,2002,39(7):1071—1093
[34]金碚,竞争力经济学[M],广州:广东经济出版社,2003。67-70
[35]浙江产业竞争力比较研究课题组,提高产业竞争力,浙江跨世纪发展的战略选择[J],中国软科学,1997,(3):13-16
[36]张超,提升产业竞争力的理论与对策探微[J],宏观经济研究,2002,(5):22-26
[37]国家统计局工业交通统计司,2006中国工业经济统计年鉴[M],北京:中国统计出版社,2006。
[38]Shen J,Wong K Y,Feng Z Q,State—sponsored and spontaneous urbanization in the Pearl River Delta of south China[J],Urban Geography,2002,33:674—694
[39]Lain Begg,Urban Competitiveness:Policies for dynamic cities[M],Bristol:The Policy Press,2002。34-51
[40]Ba,Alice D,China and ASIAN: Renavigating Relations for a 21st-Century Asia[J], Asian Survey,2003,Vol.43, No.4:622-647
[41] Cai, Keven G,The ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement and East Asia Regional Grouping[J],Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol.25, No.3:387-404
[42]Loberl J Roger'son,Quality of life and city cornImtitiveness[J],Urban studies, 1999,36:969—985
[43]张方,环渤海地区大型港口企业战略联盟实现形式的探讨[J],港口经济,2005,(04):10-13
[44] Wong, John and Chan, Sarah,China-ASEAN Trade Agreement: Shaping Future Economic Relations[J],Asian Survey, 2003,Vol.43, No.3:507-526
[45]John T.Mentzer,Mathew B.Myers,Mee-Shew Cheung,Global market segmention for logistics services[J],Industrial Marketing Management,2004,(33):31-35
[46]Jessop B,The rise of governance and the risks of failure:The case of economic development[J],International Socia1 Science Journal,1998,5O(1):29-45