游泳对婴儿生长发育的影响
摘要
婴儿游泳是一项有益婴儿成长的健康保健活动,目前,全国已有200多家医院先后推广并开展了新生儿游泳活动,并把新生儿游泳列为产后延伸服务的一项重要内容。目前关于婴儿游泳的文献报道多限于新生儿住院期间体格发育指标、新生儿健康指标,缺乏对整个婴儿期连续效果的跟踪调查,尤其是关于游泳对婴儿的睡眠、情绪、患病等方面研究的报道比较少。因此,本研究通过对婴儿进行游泳训练的方法,观察游泳对婴儿生长发育的影响。
通过观察游泳对婴儿生长发育的影响,目的是获得各研究指标的临床意义,确定游泳与婴儿生长发育的关系,为提高儿童的生命质量提供科学依据。应用流行病学调查和临床对照研究方法,对100例婴儿进行游泳训练,并进行效果观察,并将100例未游泳的婴儿设为对照组。观察结果显示,游泳对婴儿生长发育有促进作用,它是促进婴儿身、心健康发育的最佳方式,对提高儿童身体健康水平及心理健康都有重要意义。通过临床对照研究得出,两组婴儿体格发育、新生儿健康状况、睡眠情况、情绪、患病等方面比较均有显著性差异。说明游泳能够促进婴儿的生长发育。
Baby swimming is a particular staging early human health in water activities that carried after born (birth to 28 days are new born babies) for babies in 12 months (especially newborns), which is under the protection of a special security protection swimming ring by the operation and care of specially trained person. It can be divided into ordered, parted and skillful neonatal passive swimming exercise and self-swimming two parts. It through the pressure, buoyancy, impact and temperature of water on the body to stimulate the further promotion of baby's bones and muscles development to make the body more robust and enhanced the sensitivity of sensory cells, the brain become more sensitive, coordination balance ability and psychological and intellectual develop faster while swimming.
"Newborn, infant swimming" is a kind of new health care activities. Many national governments and academic institutions promote it actively. They thought it plays a good role in promoting baby's growth and development, especially for intelligence development, and they use a variety of ways to encourage more children to participate in swimming training. At present, more than 200 hospitals have been to promote and carry out neonatal swimming activities, and as an important component of post-neonatal extension services.
In currently, medical literatures reported baby swimming statistic mostly as a barometer of physical growth and neonatal health status indicators, but less for the study of baby swimming on the baby's neurological, psychological, behavioral development status. Therefore, we must observe the control group and observation group of different-month-old infant physical, and neurological and psychological behavior development status by the method of baby swimming. The purpose is to obtain the clinical significance of indicators, to determine the effect of swimming on infant growth and development, and to provide a scientific basis for improve children's life quality and create a post-perinatal extension services of perinatal medicine.
This study targeted in 216 newborns that was born in Oct 2007 to March 2008 at the Second Hospital of Jilin University, using a questionnaire survey methods to survey swimming related factors, including four major projects of the baby in general condition, pregnant' pregnancy situation, newborns situation and infants situation, and analysis related factors; using epidemiological investigation and clinical control study method, while divided infants into observation and control group to do controlled clinical studies. The observation group does swimming and and testing. The control group does a simple bath and general monitoring and testing, while investigate and analysis two baby's physical growth indicators (length, weight, head circumference), neonatal health status indicators first excretion of neonatal meconium and the time of meconium turn to yellow, neonatal physiological weight loss and the recovery time, newborn physiological jaundice appear and completely obliteration time, neonatal milk intake and sleep conditions), indicators of psychological and neurobehavioral development. We observed the number of times of 6 months infants suffering from infectious diseases (colds, bronchitis, pneumonia and diarrhea, etc.). All the determination results using SPSS13.0 package for statistical analysis.
The results showed that two groups of babies has a significant difference on weight, length and body development when they are 1 month, 3 months and 6 months, P <0.01. The observation group of neonatal meconium and meconium turn to yellow time is in advance, and physiological weight loss and recovery time is also in advance. And the duration of physiological jaundice time is shortening, neonatal milk intake increased, sleep quality is better. It means that swimming promote the baby's physical development. Newborns have higher sleep quality after swimming. There are indications shows that human growth hormone increased more in deep sleep, so it through swimming to promote the infants' weight and length growth. Baby Swimming is focused on water as a medium of skin contaction and the autonomous activities of large movements and large joints, actions affected by the nervous system directly, and the muscle activity in turn to stimulate the neurons in the brain, thereby contributing to the brain, enabling the brain increased responsiveness to the action, coordination balance, and psychological and intellectual developed faster. This kind of view is consistent with the results reported in the literature abroad. The neonatal meconium time and meconium turn to vellow time, phvsiolosical weight loss and recoverv time, and physiological jaundice appeared and faded time are all in advance. After swimming, newborns can increase food intake and accelerate gastrointestinal movement. In this way. we can speed up the meconium discharge, forming a virtuous cycle in which meconium turn to yellow time in advance , reduced the bilirubin enterohepatic circulation, reduce the incidence of jaundice and promoted growth and development. Tow groups by t test P <0.01, the difference was significant. It shows that baby swimming is a healthy activity. This study also showed that the accumulated number of sick in the two groups of infants at 6 months, which is the observation group sick five, accounting for 6.25%, and the control group sick 16, accounting for 22.2%. Comparison the twoχ~2 = 8.119, P <0.05. There are significant differences in the two groups. It is due to swimming promote the development of the respiratory system, so that vital capacity increased, the positive reaction of the circulatory system, promote blood circulation, strengthening the body's resistance to the outside world, thereby reducing the incidence of infectious diseases.
It is conclude that swimming plays a catalytic role on infants' growth and development.
As the most natural form of baby activities and training methods, swimming can contribute to infant mental and physical growth and development in a critical period, to play a very important role in promoting children's health level and life quality,
通过观察游泳对婴儿生长发育的影响,目的是获得各研究指标的临床意义,确定游泳与婴儿生长发育的关系,为提高儿童的生命质量提供科学依据。应用流行病学调查和临床对照研究方法,对100例婴儿进行游泳训练,并进行效果观察,并将100例未游泳的婴儿设为对照组。观察结果显示,游泳对婴儿生长发育有促进作用,它是促进婴儿身、心健康发育的最佳方式,对提高儿童身体健康水平及心理健康都有重要意义。通过临床对照研究得出,两组婴儿体格发育、新生儿健康状况、睡眠情况、情绪、患病等方面比较均有显著性差异。说明游泳能够促进婴儿的生长发育。
Baby swimming is a particular staging early human health in water activities that carried after born (birth to 28 days are new born babies) for babies in 12 months (especially newborns), which is under the protection of a special security protection swimming ring by the operation and care of specially trained person. It can be divided into ordered, parted and skillful neonatal passive swimming exercise and self-swimming two parts. It through the pressure, buoyancy, impact and temperature of water on the body to stimulate the further promotion of baby's bones and muscles development to make the body more robust and enhanced the sensitivity of sensory cells, the brain become more sensitive, coordination balance ability and psychological and intellectual develop faster while swimming.
"Newborn, infant swimming" is a kind of new health care activities. Many national governments and academic institutions promote it actively. They thought it plays a good role in promoting baby's growth and development, especially for intelligence development, and they use a variety of ways to encourage more children to participate in swimming training. At present, more than 200 hospitals have been to promote and carry out neonatal swimming activities, and as an important component of post-neonatal extension services.
In currently, medical literatures reported baby swimming statistic mostly as a barometer of physical growth and neonatal health status indicators, but less for the study of baby swimming on the baby's neurological, psychological, behavioral development status. Therefore, we must observe the control group and observation group of different-month-old infant physical, and neurological and psychological behavior development status by the method of baby swimming. The purpose is to obtain the clinical significance of indicators, to determine the effect of swimming on infant growth and development, and to provide a scientific basis for improve children's life quality and create a post-perinatal extension services of perinatal medicine.
This study targeted in 216 newborns that was born in Oct 2007 to March 2008 at the Second Hospital of Jilin University, using a questionnaire survey methods to survey swimming related factors, including four major projects of the baby in general condition, pregnant' pregnancy situation, newborns situation and infants situation, and analysis related factors; using epidemiological investigation and clinical control study method, while divided infants into observation and control group to do controlled clinical studies. The observation group does swimming and and testing. The control group does a simple bath and general monitoring and testing, while investigate and analysis two baby's physical growth indicators (length, weight, head circumference), neonatal health status indicators first excretion of neonatal meconium and the time of meconium turn to yellow, neonatal physiological weight loss and the recovery time, newborn physiological jaundice appear and completely obliteration time, neonatal milk intake and sleep conditions), indicators of psychological and neurobehavioral development. We observed the number of times of 6 months infants suffering from infectious diseases (colds, bronchitis, pneumonia and diarrhea, etc.). All the determination results using SPSS13.0 package for statistical analysis.
The results showed that two groups of babies has a significant difference on weight, length and body development when they are 1 month, 3 months and 6 months, P <0.01. The observation group of neonatal meconium and meconium turn to yellow time is in advance, and physiological weight loss and recovery time is also in advance. And the duration of physiological jaundice time is shortening, neonatal milk intake increased, sleep quality is better. It means that swimming promote the baby's physical development. Newborns have higher sleep quality after swimming. There are indications shows that human growth hormone increased more in deep sleep, so it through swimming to promote the infants' weight and length growth. Baby Swimming is focused on water as a medium of skin contaction and the autonomous activities of large movements and large joints, actions affected by the nervous system directly, and the muscle activity in turn to stimulate the neurons in the brain, thereby contributing to the brain, enabling the brain increased responsiveness to the action, coordination balance, and psychological and intellectual developed faster. This kind of view is consistent with the results reported in the literature abroad. The neonatal meconium time and meconium turn to vellow time, phvsiolosical weight loss and recoverv time, and physiological jaundice appeared and faded time are all in advance. After swimming, newborns can increase food intake and accelerate gastrointestinal movement. In this way. we can speed up the meconium discharge, forming a virtuous cycle in which meconium turn to yellow time in advance , reduced the bilirubin enterohepatic circulation, reduce the incidence of jaundice and promoted growth and development. Tow groups by t test P <0.01, the difference was significant. It shows that baby swimming is a healthy activity. This study also showed that the accumulated number of sick in the two groups of infants at 6 months, which is the observation group sick five, accounting for 6.25%, and the control group sick 16, accounting for 22.2%. Comparison the twoχ~2 = 8.119, P <0.05. There are significant differences in the two groups. It is due to swimming promote the development of the respiratory system, so that vital capacity increased, the positive reaction of the circulatory system, promote blood circulation, strengthening the body's resistance to the outside world, thereby reducing the incidence of infectious diseases.
It is conclude that swimming plays a catalytic role on infants' growth and development.
As the most natural form of baby activities and training methods, swimming can contribute to infant mental and physical growth and development in a critical period, to play a very important role in promoting children's health level and life quality,
引文
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[2]黄水清.婴儿抚触对促进婴儿生长发育的作用[J].中国妇幼保健,2000,15(9):568.
[3]赵少飞,谢丽群,胡海宾,等.“新生儿游泳”在产科临床应用的探讨[J].中华围产医学杂志,2003,6(4):218-220.
[4]詹莉.新生儿婴儿智能开发游泳法[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2003,6-22.
[5]Coleman H,Finlay FO.When is it safe for babies to swim[J].Prof CareMother Child.1995,5(3):85-86
[6]Weidle B,Aagaard P.Infant swimming programs in Norway during the last 10years[J].Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen.1990,110(30):3847-3850.
[7]赵少飞,谢丽群,胡海宾.“新生儿游泳”在产科临床应用的探讨.中华围产医学杂志,2003,6(4):218-219.
[8]谢丽群,赵少飞,朱宁湖.新生儿“游泳操”在产科应用的研究[J].护士进修杂志,2004,5(19):415-416.
[9]秦振庭主编.围产新生儿医学[M].能邑源出版社,1989:154-167
[10]王桂香等.游泳与同步感觉刺激对婴儿生长发育影响的对比研究[J].中国妇幼保健,2006.21(1):117-118.
[11]赵少飞,陈运彬,罗爱民,高微微,方良欣,胡海宾.低体重儿“游泳”(水疗)临床应用研究[J].护士进修杂志,2003,18(12):1076-1078..
[12]钱虹.新生儿游泳的临床应用及护理[J].中国全科医学,2005,8(10):844.
[13]庞小兰.王宣玲.婴儿睡眠问题及对策[J]_国外医学护理学分册,1999,18(12):546-547.
[14]黄培红.背景音乐对提高新生儿游泳临床效果的探讨[J].护理研究,2009,(02):158-159.
[15]许将,薛惠英.100例新生儿同步感觉组合刺激游泳法的临床观察[J].现代产医学杂志.2003.6(4):218-220.
[16]严章群.新生儿游泳训练方法与效果分析[J].中国实用护理杂志2004.20(3):33-34.
[17]谢丽群,赵少飞,朱宁湖,姚叶珊,陈宝红,胡海宾.新生儿“游泳操”在产科应用的研究[J].护士进修杂志,2004,19(5):415-416
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