压电陶瓷纤维的制备与性能测试研究
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摘要
随着1-3型压电纤维复合材料研究的不断深入,其性能的优越性逐渐体现出来,特别是构造出具有正交异性的1-3型压电纤维复合材料后,在传感和驱动领域有着更广阔的应用前景。据目前的研究资料表明,制约1-3型压电纤维复合材料性能的原因主要有两方面,一是制备复合材料所用的聚合物的性能,二是压电纤维的性能。然而在同等条件下,压电纤维的性能越好的复合元件,其综合性能就越好。压电纤维的性能对1-3压电纤维复合材料元件的性能起着致关重要的作用。寻求性能更好的压电纤维成为了当前研究的焦点,同时如何测量新型压电纤维的压电性能也成了研究与生产过程中遇到的重要问题。基于这些存在的问题,本论文研究的具体内容有以下几个部分：
1、采用挤压法和活性炭模板法两种不同的方法制备压电陶瓷纤维,其中以挤压法为主要制备方法,该种方法制备的压电陶瓷纤维直径为250μm,长度可达150mm,压电性能优良。活性炭模板法制备的压电纤维直径远小于挤压法,仅25μm,且纤维表面光滑而平直,纤维可自动成束,是一种值得深入研究的制备方法。
2、提出了一种测量细微直径压电陶瓷纤维压电性能的方法。用压电材料的基本理论来研究了压电陶瓷纤维的性能特点；分析了当前的几种压电性能常数测量方法的优缺点,为测量新型压电陶瓷纤维的压电性能常数提供参考。基于1-3压电纤维复合材料的细观力学模型的均匀场理论,提出了一种测量新型压电陶瓷纤维的压电应力常数的方法。使用有限元软件对设计的测量方案中的关键结构的参数进行了模拟研究,找到能够满足测量要求的测试条件。
3、制备了1-3型压电纤维复合材料试件,并使用提出的方法测量了压电陶瓷纤维的压电应力常数。对测量结果进行了分析,表明这种测量方法可行。据测量结果显示挤压法制备出来的压电陶瓷纤维具有较好的压电性能。
With the development of piezoelectric materials research, the performance of 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites is more and more important. Especially after the orthotropic characteristics ability of the 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites has been developed, it has more potential applications in sensing and driving field. There are reasons of two aspects that affect the performance of 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites . First, the performance of the polymer is used for making composite materials; second, the performance of the piezoelectric fibers. If, in the same conditions, the better the performance of piezoelectric fiber, the better their final performance. So, the performance of piezoelectric fiber plays an important role in 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites. Seeking for the better performance of the piezoelectric fiber is the focus of current research. At the same time, how to measure the piezoelectric properties of the latest piezoelectric fiber has become an important issue in the course of research and production . Because of these problems, the specific content of this thesis has the following components:
First, there are two different methods to prepare piezoelectric ceramic fibers. One is prepared by extrusion process, the other is the activated carbon template method to produce ceramic fibers. Used the extrusion process method as the main preparation methods, the types of piezoelectric ceramic fibers have a diameter of 250μm, length of the 150mm and good piezoelectric properties. The diameter of piezoelectric ceramic fibers prepared by the activated carbon template method is much smaller than prepared by extrusion process, only the 25μm, and the fiber surface is smooth, straight fibers can automatically into the beam. This preparation method has high potential value to study.
Second, A piezoelectric properties measure method of minor diameter piezoelectric ceramic fiber has been developed. The basic theory of piezoelectric materials has been introduced, the performance characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic fibers and 1-3 piezoelectric composite materials have been analyzed, and several measurement methods of piezoelectric constants are analyzed. All of these provide theory basis for measuring the piezoelectric constants of piezoelectric ceramic fibers. Basing on 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites micromechanics model of uniform field theory, a new type of piezoelectric ceramic fibers measuring piezoelectric stress constants method has been designed. Through simulation analysis, parameters of the key structure of the measurement method has been analyzed, and the measurement requirements of the test conditions have been obtained.
Third, prepared 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites specimens using the ceramic fibers obtained by extrusion process and measured its piezoelectric stress constants. The measurement results shows that this measurement method is feasible and the piezoelectric ceramic fibers obtained by extrusion process have good piezoelectric properties.
1、采用挤压法和活性炭模板法两种不同的方法制备压电陶瓷纤维,其中以挤压法为主要制备方法,该种方法制备的压电陶瓷纤维直径为250μm,长度可达150mm,压电性能优良。活性炭模板法制备的压电纤维直径远小于挤压法,仅25μm,且纤维表面光滑而平直,纤维可自动成束,是一种值得深入研究的制备方法。
2、提出了一种测量细微直径压电陶瓷纤维压电性能的方法。用压电材料的基本理论来研究了压电陶瓷纤维的性能特点；分析了当前的几种压电性能常数测量方法的优缺点,为测量新型压电陶瓷纤维的压电性能常数提供参考。基于1-3压电纤维复合材料的细观力学模型的均匀场理论,提出了一种测量新型压电陶瓷纤维的压电应力常数的方法。使用有限元软件对设计的测量方案中的关键结构的参数进行了模拟研究,找到能够满足测量要求的测试条件。
3、制备了1-3型压电纤维复合材料试件,并使用提出的方法测量了压电陶瓷纤维的压电应力常数。对测量结果进行了分析,表明这种测量方法可行。据测量结果显示挤压法制备出来的压电陶瓷纤维具有较好的压电性能。
With the development of piezoelectric materials research, the performance of 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites is more and more important. Especially after the orthotropic characteristics ability of the 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites has been developed, it has more potential applications in sensing and driving field. There are reasons of two aspects that affect the performance of 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites . First, the performance of the polymer is used for making composite materials; second, the performance of the piezoelectric fibers. If, in the same conditions, the better the performance of piezoelectric fiber, the better their final performance. So, the performance of piezoelectric fiber plays an important role in 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites. Seeking for the better performance of the piezoelectric fiber is the focus of current research. At the same time, how to measure the piezoelectric properties of the latest piezoelectric fiber has become an important issue in the course of research and production . Because of these problems, the specific content of this thesis has the following components:
First, there are two different methods to prepare piezoelectric ceramic fibers. One is prepared by extrusion process, the other is the activated carbon template method to produce ceramic fibers. Used the extrusion process method as the main preparation methods, the types of piezoelectric ceramic fibers have a diameter of 250μm, length of the 150mm and good piezoelectric properties. The diameter of piezoelectric ceramic fibers prepared by the activated carbon template method is much smaller than prepared by extrusion process, only the 25μm, and the fiber surface is smooth, straight fibers can automatically into the beam. This preparation method has high potential value to study.
Second, A piezoelectric properties measure method of minor diameter piezoelectric ceramic fiber has been developed. The basic theory of piezoelectric materials has been introduced, the performance characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic fibers and 1-3 piezoelectric composite materials have been analyzed, and several measurement methods of piezoelectric constants are analyzed. All of these provide theory basis for measuring the piezoelectric constants of piezoelectric ceramic fibers. Basing on 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites micromechanics model of uniform field theory, a new type of piezoelectric ceramic fibers measuring piezoelectric stress constants method has been designed. Through simulation analysis, parameters of the key structure of the measurement method has been analyzed, and the measurement requirements of the test conditions have been obtained.
Third, prepared 1-3 piezoelectric fiber composites specimens using the ceramic fibers obtained by extrusion process and measured its piezoelectric stress constants. The measurement results shows that this measurement method is feasible and the piezoelectric ceramic fibers obtained by extrusion process have good piezoelectric properties.
引文
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[14]H. Berger, S. Kari, U. Gabbert. An analytical and numerical approach for calculating effective material coefficients of piezoelectric fiber composites [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,2005,42 (21):5692-5714.
[15]J. S. Park, J. H. Kim. Coefficients of thermal expansion for single crystal piezoelectric fiber composites[J]. Composites Part B:Engineering,2007,38(7-8):795-799.
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[19]党长久,李明轩.1-3型压电复合材料[J].应用声学,1994,14(1)：1-6.
[20]B. Wang. Three-dimensional analysis of an ellipsoidal inclusion in a piezoelectric material[J].International Journal of Solids and Structures,1992,29(3): 293-308.
[21]B. Wang. Effective behavior of piezoelectric composites[J]. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 1994,47(1), part2:s112-s121.
[22]吴雪莲.PZT/IPN复合材料的制备和电性能研究[D].哈尔宾：哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2006.
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[25]Y. Hu. Preparation of lead zirconate titanate ceramic fibers by sol-gel method[J]. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,2000,18:235-247.
[26]R. Steinhausen, T. Hauke, W. Seifert. Finescaled piezoelectric 1-3 composites properties and modeling[J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society,1999,19:1289-1293.
[27]W. Glaubitt, W. Watzka, H. Scholz. Sol-gel processing off unctional and structural ceramic oxide fibers[J]. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,1997,8:29-33.
[28]Y. Park, M. Miyayama. Electrical properties of Pb(Zr_(0.53)T_(0.47))O_3(PZT) fibers fabricated by sol-gel technique[J].Key Engineering Materials,1999(157):33-40.
[29]U. Selvaraj, P. Moses, Q. Jiang. Pb(ZrTi)O_3(PZT)fibers-fabrication and properties[J]. Ferroelectrics,1994(154):325-330.
[30]赵宇光.制备灵敏PZT纤维的新工艺[J].中国建材科技,2001,3(5)：89.
[31]M. Zhang, X.D. Wang, F.M. Wang, etal. Preparation and ferroelectric properties of PZT fibers[J]. Ceramics International,2005(31):281-286.
[32]王录全.长PZT纤维的制备[J].中国核科技报告,2000：12-20.
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