高空作业平台伸缩臂有限元分析及变幅铰点优化
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摘要
随着城镇化建设的快速发展,城市建筑向高大和多样性方向发展,高层建筑、体育场馆、机场候机楼、宾馆等建筑的内外立面和大堂空间结构安装、清洗、维护和装饰作业的需求越来越多,对适合于此类建筑物施工的设备需求量与日俱增。采用适合高大空间施工作业、移动方便的高空作业平台,可实现施工效率高、施工速度快、使用安全、节能环保等优势,是实现高大建筑空间施工作业要求的首选设备。
伸缩臂是高空作业平台的重要承载部件之一,也是整机结构强度相对薄弱的部分,其力学性能对机械的正常运转有直接影响。本文依托国家科技支撑计划项目《无脚手架安装作业装备技术研究与产业化开发》(项目编号：2008BAJ09B07),结合Pro/E和大型有限元通用程序ANSYS建立伸缩臂结构的有限元模型,根据《起重机设计规范》对伸缩臂的载荷及约束进行简化处理,并对其结构进行了有限元结构分析,从而求得伸缩臂结构在几个典型工况下的静态变形和应力。根据分析结果,将伸缩臂结构重量最轻作为优化设计的目标,采用ANSYS的优化平台,提取截面特性,建立伸缩臂结构优化问题的数学模型,对其截面进行尺寸优化。针对该型高空作业平台的伸缩臂变幅铰点位置确定,依据多目标优化理论和理想点法,建立了变幅铰点优化的数学模型,并对其求解,得出优化结果。
With the rapid development of urbanization, The urban architecture is to be more diversity and taller, For example, High-rise buildings, Stadiums, Airport terminals, Hotels, Structure installation, cleaning, maintenance and decoration operations of buildings within the facade and lobby space are increasing, which demand more and more the appropriate equipment for the construction of such buildings. Using the Aerial Work Platform which can fit for a large space and easily moving enable be high efficiency and speed of construction, safe, energy saving and environmental protection, the Aerial Work Platform is preferred device for the construction work of a large building space.
Telescopic boom is one of an important bearing component in Aerial Work Platform, and also is relatively weak machine parts, whose mechanical properties has a direct impact on the normal operation of the machine. The subject Originates from the project" technology research and industrial development of without scaffolding installation equipment", which is supported by national Science and Technology (Item number:2008BAJ09B07)。The combination of Pro/E and ANSYS finite element program is to establish the finite element model of telescopic structure, the load and the constraints of the telescopic boom are simplified under the "Crane Design", and do the finite element structural analysis to telescopic boom, obtained static response in typical working conditions. Based on the results, the lightest weight of telescopic structure will design as the optimization objective using ANSYS optimization platform, Extracting feature section, establishing optimization mathematical model of telescopic structural, which are for optimal size of its cross section. For amplitude hinge-point of Aerial Work Platform, according to Multi-objective optimization theory and the ideal point method, It can establish optimization model and solve this model, geting the optimization results.
伸缩臂是高空作业平台的重要承载部件之一,也是整机结构强度相对薄弱的部分,其力学性能对机械的正常运转有直接影响。本文依托国家科技支撑计划项目《无脚手架安装作业装备技术研究与产业化开发》(项目编号：2008BAJ09B07),结合Pro/E和大型有限元通用程序ANSYS建立伸缩臂结构的有限元模型,根据《起重机设计规范》对伸缩臂的载荷及约束进行简化处理,并对其结构进行了有限元结构分析,从而求得伸缩臂结构在几个典型工况下的静态变形和应力。根据分析结果,将伸缩臂结构重量最轻作为优化设计的目标,采用ANSYS的优化平台,提取截面特性,建立伸缩臂结构优化问题的数学模型,对其截面进行尺寸优化。针对该型高空作业平台的伸缩臂变幅铰点位置确定,依据多目标优化理论和理想点法,建立了变幅铰点优化的数学模型,并对其求解,得出优化结果。
With the rapid development of urbanization, The urban architecture is to be more diversity and taller, For example, High-rise buildings, Stadiums, Airport terminals, Hotels, Structure installation, cleaning, maintenance and decoration operations of buildings within the facade and lobby space are increasing, which demand more and more the appropriate equipment for the construction of such buildings. Using the Aerial Work Platform which can fit for a large space and easily moving enable be high efficiency and speed of construction, safe, energy saving and environmental protection, the Aerial Work Platform is preferred device for the construction work of a large building space.
Telescopic boom is one of an important bearing component in Aerial Work Platform, and also is relatively weak machine parts, whose mechanical properties has a direct impact on the normal operation of the machine. The subject Originates from the project" technology research and industrial development of without scaffolding installation equipment", which is supported by national Science and Technology (Item number:2008BAJ09B07)。The combination of Pro/E and ANSYS finite element program is to establish the finite element model of telescopic structure, the load and the constraints of the telescopic boom are simplified under the "Crane Design", and do the finite element structural analysis to telescopic boom, obtained static response in typical working conditions. Based on the results, the lightest weight of telescopic structure will design as the optimization objective using ANSYS optimization platform, Extracting feature section, establishing optimization mathematical model of telescopic structural, which are for optimal size of its cross section. For amplitude hinge-point of Aerial Work Platform, according to Multi-objective optimization theory and the ideal point method, It can establish optimization model and solve this model, geting the optimization results.
引文
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[43]张武.MATLAB优化工具箱及其应用[J].农业网络信息2008年第8期
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[45]康海波,张仲鹏.基于多目标混合遗传算法的变幅三铰点优化[J].设计与研究,2006.(4).
[2]柏红专,罗亮平.国内高空作业机械行业现状及发展方向[J].建筑机械化,2006.08S
[3]黄琳.起重机伸缩臂结构优化研究[D].沈阳：大连理工大学.2007
[4]周长城,胡任喜等.ANSYS11.0基础与典型范例[M].2007
[5]王庆五.ANSYS10.0机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京：机械工业出版社2006
[6]陈孝珍.弹性力学与有限元[M].郑州：郑州大学出版社,2007
[7]王友海,颜慧军.大型有限元分析软件ANSYS的特点[J].建筑机械,2000.9
[8]尚小江.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社.2006
[9]冯强.基于平头塔式起重机起重臂动态性能的多目标优化[D].四川：西南交通大学2008
[10]李卫国,黄俊君.新型高空作业平台的开发和应用[J]建筑机械.2003.2
[11]张瑞丰,精通MATLAB6.5[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2004
[12]曹卫华,郭正..最优化技术方法及MATLAB的实现[M].天津：化学工业出版社,2005
[13]何煜琛.Pro/ENGINEER野火中文版建模基础技术[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004
[14]郭庆义,屈福政.六边形伸缩臂结构的设计[J].起重运输机械,2007,5.
[15]邵海.高空作业平台工作机构现代设计方法研究[D].南京：南京林业大学.2008
[16]林建冬、原思聪、郑建校.基于Pro/E与ANSYS的CAD/CAE数据交换方法研究[J]工程机械.2007.8
[17]蒋红旗.高空作业车作业臂有限元结构分析[J].机械研究与应用,2004,17.
[18]张硕,屈福政.伸缩臂局部稳定性研究[D].大连理工大学.2007.
[19]林梅,沙晓峰,冯永华.起重机计算载荷的确定方法研究[J].现代机械2008.2
[20]王承程,王重华.起重机起升动载系数的确定方法[J].中国重型装备.2008.7
[21]Guo.Feng, zhao.WeiMin, li.GuiXian.Analysis of telescopic beam structure using couple of DOF technique and its application[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology.April 2009 P213-216
[22]杨晶,李卫民,刘玉浩.汽车起重机吊臂的有限元分析[J].辽宁工学院学报.2007,3.
[23]纪爱敏,彭铎,刘木南.三种工况下大型吊臂的有限元分析[J].工程机械2006.2
[24]曾攀.有限元分析及应用.北京：清华大学出版社.2004
[25]吴晓.SQTJ160型铁路起重机伸缩臂的有限元分析[J].起重运输机械,1998(3)
[26]博嘉科技.有限元分析软件：ANSYS融会与贯通[M].北京.中国水利水电出版社.2002
[27]郭军,苏冲.高低空起重工程车吊臂伸缩机构[J].工程机械.2000.6
[28]靳慧.N100型铁路救援起重机吊臂的有限元设计[J].起重运输机.2001.3
[29]李震,杨春莲.中大吨位汽车起重机的伸缩机构[J].建筑机械.2005.4
[30]Derlukiewicz, Damian, Przybyek, Grzegorz. Chosen aspects of FEM strength analysis of telescopic jib mounted on mobile platform[J].Automation in Construction.March 2008.P 278-283
[31]焦文瑞,孔庆华.汽车起重机箱型伸缩式吊臂的有限元分析[J].工程机械.2007.9
[32]张东民,洪涛.QLY25轮胎起重机吊臂有限元分析[J].工程机械,1995(9)：5-7.
[33]纪爱敏,罗衍领.起重机伸缩吊臂截面优化设计[J].建筑机械化.2006(3)
[34]闫雪琴,李莹,蒋红旗.有限元优化技术在起重机吊臂结构设计中的应用[J].机械研究与应用.2006-12
[35]顾迪民.工程起重机(第二版)[M].哈尔滨：中国建筑工业出版社.1987
[36]沈莲.机械工程材料.西安：机械工业出版社.2007.
[37]GB3811-2008.起重机设计规范[S].北京：国家标准局出版社,
[38]张志文等.起重机设计手册[S].北京：中国铁道出版社.1998
[39]梁尚明.殷国富.现代机械设计理论与方法[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005
[40]Vandana Venkat, Sheldon H. Jacobson and James A. Stori.A Post-Optimality Analysis Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization[J]Computational Optimization and Applications, September 2004.P357-372,
[41]Gordon S.G, Beveridge and Robert S.Schechter, Optimization Theory and Practics[M], MeGraw-Hill Book Company,1970
[42]飞思科技产品研发中心.MATLAB6.5辅助优化计算与设计[M].电子工业出版社,2003.
[43]张武.MATLAB优化工具箱及其应用[J].农业网络信息2008年第8期
[44]王建文,信纪华.起重机变幅机构设计方法研究[J].治淮,2007,(2).
[45]康海波,张仲鹏.基于多目标混合遗传算法的变幅三铰点优化[J].设计与研究,2006.(4).